Guo Fa [2011] No.42

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

　　The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Protection is hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement it carefully.

　　the State Council

　　December 15th, 2011

Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Environmental Protection

　　Protecting the environment is our basic national policy. This plan is formulated to promote the scientific development of environmental protection during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period and accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.

　　I. Environmental situation

　　The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to environmental protection as an important part of implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development, as an important means to transform the mode of economic development, and as a fundamental measure to promote the construction of ecological civilization. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the state took the significant reduction of the total discharge of major pollutants as a binding indicator of economic and social development, made great efforts to solve outstanding environmental problems, and made important progress in understanding, policies, systems and capabilities. Compared with 2005, the chemical oxygen demand and the total amount of sulfur dioxide emissions decreased by 12.45% and 14.29% respectively, exceeding the emission reduction task. With the rapid development of pollution control facilities, the sewage treatment rate of the city has increased from 52% in 2005 to 72%, and the installed capacity of thermal power desulfurization has increased from 12% to 82.6%. Let rivers and lakes recuperate in an all-round way, deepen pollution prevention and control in key river basins and regions, and improve environmental quality. The proportion of surface water in the national control section is better than Grade III, which is increased to 51.9%, and the average concentration of sulfur dioxide in urban air in China is reduced by 26.3%. The supervision of environmental law enforcement has been continuously strengthened, the comprehensive improvement of rural environment has achieved remarkable results, ecological protection has been effectively strengthened, nuclear and radiation safety has been controllable, the environmental awareness of the whole society has been continuously enhanced, the participation of the people has been further improved, and the environmental protection objectives and key tasks of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan have been fully completed.

　　At present, the overall deterioration of China’s environmental situation has not been fundamentally curbed, environmental contradictions are prominent, and the pressure continues to increase. Water pollution is serious in some key river basins and sea areas, and atmospheric haze is prominent in some regions and cities. The discharge of major pollutants in many areas exceeds the environmental capacity. Environmental pollution in rural areas has intensified, and heavy metals, chemicals, persistent organic pollutants, soil, groundwater and other pollution have emerged. In some areas, the ecological damage is serious, the ecosystem function is degraded, and the ecological environment is relatively fragile. Nuclear and radiation safety risks have increased. The people’s demands for the environment are constantly improving, and the number of sudden environmental incidents remains high. Environmental problems have become one of the important factors threatening human health, public safety and social stability. The pressure of global environmental problems such as biodiversity protection is increasing. The legal system of environmental protection is not perfect, the investment is still insufficient, the law enforcement power is weak, and the supervision ability is relatively backward. At the same time, with the continuous growth of population, the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the total energy consumption continues to rise, the amount of pollutants will continue to increase, and the environmental constraints of economic growth will be strengthened day by day.

　　II. Guiding ideology, basic principles and main objectives

　　(1) Guiding ideology.

　　Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we will thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, strive to improve the level of ecological civilization, effectively solve outstanding environmental problems that affect scientific development and harm people’s health, strengthen institutional innovation and capacity building, deepen the reduction of the total amount of major pollutants, strive to improve environmental quality, guard against environmental risks, comprehensively promote the historical transformation of environmental protection, actively explore new ways of environmental protection with low cost, good benefits, low emissions and sustainability, and accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.

　　(2) Basic principles.

　　-Scientific development and enhanced protection. Adhere to scientific development, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, develop in protection and protect in development based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and promote the coordinated development of economy, society and resources and environment.

　　-Protecting the environment and benefiting the people and promoting harmony. Adhere to the people-oriented principle, put drinking clean water, breathing clean air and eating safe food in a more prominent strategic position, and effectively solve outstanding environmental problems related to people’s livelihood. Gradually realize equalization of basic public services for environmental protection, safeguard people’s environmental rights and interests, and promote social harmony and stability.

　　-putting prevention first and combining prevention with control. Insist on prevention from the source, put environmental protection through all aspects of planning, construction, production, circulation and consumption, and enhance the ability of sustainable development. Improve the construction and operation level of pollution control facilities and strengthen ecological protection and restoration.

　　-push ahead in an all-round way and make key breakthroughs. Adhere to the combination of solving overall and universal environmental problems and concentrating on solving environmental problems in key river basins, regions and industries, and establish an environmental protection strategic system, a comprehensive and efficient pollution prevention and control system, a sound environmental quality evaluation system, a sound environmental protection laws, regulations, policies and scientific and technological standards system, a complete environmental management and law enforcement supervision system, and a social action system with the participation of the whole people.

　　-classified guidance and hierarchical management. Adhere to local conditions and implement different environmental policies in different regions and industries. Encourage qualified areas to take more active environmental protection measures. We will improve the environmental supervision system of state supervision, local supervision and unit responsibility, and implement the environmental protection target responsibility system.

　　-government guidance and concerted efforts. Adhere to government guidance, clarify the main responsibility of enterprises, and strengthen departmental coordination. Strengthen environmental information disclosure and public opinion supervision, and mobilize the whole society to participate in environmental protection. Explore market-oriented means to promote environmental protection.

　　(3) Main objectives.

　　By 2015, the total discharge of major pollutants will be significantly reduced; The environmental safety of urban and rural drinking water sources has been effectively guaranteed, and the water quality has been greatly improved; Heavy metal pollution has been effectively controlled, and the prevention and control of pollution such as persistent organic pollutants, dangerous chemicals and hazardous wastes has achieved remarkable results; The construction and operation level of urban environmental infrastructure has been improved; The deterioration trend of ecological environment has been reversed; The ability of nuclear and radiation safety supervision has been significantly enhanced, and the level of nuclear and radiation safety has been further improved; The environmental supervision system has been improved.

　　Note: ① The total discharge of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen includes the total discharge of industrial, urban life and agricultural sources, which is verified according to the dynamic update results of the pollution source survey in 2010.

　　② During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the number of state-controlled sections of surface water increased from 759 to 970, among which the number of state-controlled sections of seven major water systems increased from 419 to 574; At the same time, the evaluation factors were increased from 12 to 21. According to this calculation, in 2010, the proportion of surface water quality in the national control section was worse than Grade V, and the proportion of surface water quality in the national control section of seven major water systems was better than Grade III, which was 17.7%.

　　③ During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the scope of air environmental quality assessment increased from 113 key cities to 333 cities at or above the prefecture level. According to the annual average values of respirable particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, the proportion of air quality in cities at or above the prefecture level in 2010 was 72%.

　　Third, promote the emission reduction of major pollutants

　　(1) Intensifying structural adjustment.

　　Accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity. Strictly implement the "Guidance Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustment" and the "Guidance Catalogue for Eliminating Backward Production Technologies, Equipment and Products in Some Industries". Intensify the elimination of backward production capacity in industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, chemicals, electricity, coal, paper making, printing and dyeing, leather making, etc. Formulate the annual implementation plan, decompose the tasks into local and enterprises, and announce the list of enterprises with backward production capacity to the public. Establish an examination and approval mechanism linking new projects with pollution reduction and elimination of backward production capacity, and implement the system of equal or reduced production capacity replacement. The environmental impact approval of new construction and expansion projects in key industries should take the total discharge index of major pollutants as a precondition.

　　Focus on reducing the emission of new pollutants. Reasonably control the total energy consumption and promote the development of non-fossil energy. By 2015, non-fossil energy will account for 11.4% of primary energy consumption. Improve the level of coal washing and processing. Increase the supply of natural gas and coalbed methane, and reduce the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption. Piloting the total coal consumption control in key areas of joint prevention and control of atmosphere. Further improve the entry threshold for industries with high energy consumption, high emissions and overcapacity. Explore the establishment of an evaluation system of pollutant production intensity per unit product. Actively cultivate strategic emerging industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection and new energy, and encourage the development of energy conservation and environmental protection modes of transportation.

　　Vigorously promote clean production and develop circular economy. Improve the pollutant discharge standards and cleaner production evaluation indicators of papermaking, printing and dyeing, chemical industry, metallurgy, building materials, nonferrous metals, tanning and other industries, and encourage all localities to formulate stricter pollutant discharge standards. Fully implement the pollutant discharge permit system. Promote cleaner production demonstration in agriculture, industry, construction, business services and other fields. Deepen the demonstration pilot of circular economy, accelerate the industrialization of resource recycling, promote the development of circular economy in all aspects of production, circulation and consumption, and build a resource recycling system covering the whole society.

　　(two) efforts to reduce chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions.

　　Increase the emission reduction of water pollutants in key areas and industries. Total emission control of total nitrogen or total phosphorus shall be implemented in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs and coastal areas prone to red tides such as the East China Sea and Bohai Sea. Total emission control of key heavy metal pollutants will be implemented in key areas for comprehensive prevention and control of heavy metal pollution. We will promote the control of total chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions in papermaking, printing and dyeing and chemical industries, and the reduction ratio will be no less than 10% compared with 2010. Strictly control the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions of the paper, printing and dyeing, tanning, pesticides, nitrogen fertilizer and other industries to build new projects that simply expand production capacity. It is forbidden to build new projects such as non-ferrous, paper-making, printing and dyeing, chemical industry and leather making at the source of rivers in key river basins.

　　Improve the level of urban sewage treatment. Strengthen the construction of sewage pipe network, promote the transformation of rain and sewage separation, and speed up the construction of sewage treatment plants in county towns and key towns. By 2015, there will be about 160,000 kilometers of new urban sewage pipe network in China, with an additional daily sewage treatment capacity of 42 million tons. Basically, all counties and key towns will have sewage treatment capacity, and the load rate of sewage treatment facilities will increase to over 80%, and the urban sewage treatment rate will reach 85%. Promote the harmless treatment and disposal of sludge and the recycling of sewage. Strengthen the operation of sewage treatment facilities and assessment of pollutant reduction, and promote the construction of monitoring platform for urban sewage treatment plants. Dianchi Lake, Chaohu Lake, Taihu Lake and other key river basins and coastal urban sewage treatment plants should improve the level of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

　　Promote pollution prevention and control of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding. Optimize the layout of farms, reasonably determine the scale of farming, improve farming methods, promote clean farming, and promote the resource utilization of farming wastes. Strictly implement the pollutant discharge standards for livestock and poultry breeding, and implement unified collection and treatment of pollutants in breeding areas and free-range intensive areas. By 2015, the proportion of supporting the construction of solid waste and sewage storage and treatment facilities in large-scale livestock and poultry farms and breeding communities nationwide will reach more than 50%.

　　(3) Increase the emission reduction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

　　Continue to promote pollution reduction in the power industry. Newly-built coal-fired units should simultaneously build desulfurization and denitrification facilities. Active coal-fired units without desulfurization facilities should speed up the elimination or construction of desulfurization facilities, and flue gas desulfurization facilities should cancel flue gas bypass in accordance with regulations. Accelerate the technical transformation of low-nitrogen combustion of coal-fired units and the construction of flue gas denitrification facilities. All coal-fired units with a single capacity of more than 300,000 kilowatts (inclusive) should be equipped with denitrification facilities. Strengthen the supervision of the operation of desulfurization and denitrification facilities, and reform those that can not meet the discharge standards stably within a time limit.

　　Accelerate the pace of desulfurization and denitrification in other industries. Promote the total emission control of sulfur dioxide in the iron and steel industry, fully implement flue gas desulfurization of sintering machines, and build desulfurization and denitrification facilities for new sintering machines. Strengthen the treatment of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in cement, petroleum and petrochemical, coal chemical and other industries. Industrial kilns in petroleum, petrochemical, nonferrous metals, building materials and other industries should be desulfurized. The new dry cement kiln should be reformed with low nitrogen combustion technology, and the new cement production line should be equipped with denitration facilities with efficiency not less than 60%. Carry out flue gas treatment of coal-fired boilers according to local conditions, install desulfurization and denitrification facilities in new coal-fired boilers, implement flue gas desulfurization in existing coal-fired boilers, and install low-nitrogen combustion devices in existing coal-fired boilers in the eastern region.

　　Carry out the control of nitrogen oxides in motor vehicles and ships. Implement the management of motor vehicle environmental protection signs. Accelerate the elimination of old cars, locomotives and ships. By 2015, the "yellow-label cars" registered and operated before 2005 will be basically eliminated. Improve the environmental access requirements of motor vehicles, strengthen the inspection of production consistency, and prohibit the production, sales and registration of vehicles that do not meet emission standards. Encourage the use of new energy vehicles. Fully implement the fourth-stage national motor vehicle emission standards, and implement stricter emission standards in areas where conditions permit. Improve the quality of vehicle fuel, encourage the use of new clean fuels, and supply vehicle fuel that meets the national fourth-stage standards nationwide. Actively develop urban public transport, explore and control the total number of motor vehicles in super-large and large cities.

　　Fourth, effectively solve outstanding environmental problems

　　(1) Improve the quality of water environment.

　　Strictly protect drinking water sources. Complete the examination and approval of urban centralized drinking water source protection areas, and ban illegal construction projects and sewage outlets in water source protection areas. Promote environmental improvement, restoration and standardization of water sources. Strengthen the supervision of toxic and harmful substances in the foreign exchange water area of water source protection areas. Centralized drinking water sources in cities above prefecture level should regularly carry out comprehensive analysis of water quality. Improve the disclosure system of environmental information on drinking water sources, and strengthen risk prevention and emergency warning.

　　Deepen the prevention and control of water pollution in key river basins. Define the priority control units of key river basins and implement zoning control. The Huaihe River Basin should focus on the control of ammonia nitrogen, focusing on the prevention and control of water pollution in the main stream of the Huaihe River and cities such as Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Huaibei, Huainan, Bengbu, Bozhou, Heze, Jining, Zaozhuang, Linyi and Xuzhou, and the water quality of the main stream basically reaches Grade III. Haihe River Basin should strengthen the overall planning of water resources utilization and water pollution prevention and control, focus on the safety of drinking water, the improvement of urban water environment and the coordinated management of cross-border water pollution, greatly reduce the pollution load, and achieve a significant decline in the proportion of inferior V water quality sections. The Liaohe River basin should strengthen the comprehensive improvement of the urban water system environment, promote the construction of Liaohe protected areas, and realize the obvious improvement of the water quality of the main stream of the Liaohe River and its tributaries such as Zhaosutai River, Tiaozi River and Daliao River. Pollution control, water ecological protection and water conservation should be strengthened in the Three Gorges reservoir area and its upper reaches to ensure that the water quality in the upper reaches and the reservoir area remains excellent. The Songhua river basin should strengthen the comprehensive improvement of urban water system environment and the control of non-point source pollution, and the water quality in the state-controlled section should basically be eliminated. The middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River should focus on promoting the prevention and control of water pollution in tributaries such as Weihe River, Fenhe River and Huangshui River, strengthening the prevention and control of environmental risks in energy and chemical bases such as Ningdong, Erdos and northern Shaanxi, and strengthening the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Hetao irrigation area, so as to greatly improve the water quality of tributaries and stabilize the main stream to meet the functional requirements. Efforts should be made to reduce the pollution load of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in Taihu Lake basin, and the water quality of the lake will be improved from inferior V to V, and the eutrophication trend will be curbed. Chaohu Lake basin should strengthen the control of aquaculture and pollution entering the lake, and reduce the pollution load of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus.Strengthen the ecological restoration of the lake area, curb the eutrophication trend of the lake body, and basically eliminate the inferior V water quality of the main tributaries entering the lake. Dianchi Lake Basin should comprehensively promote the prevention and control of water pollution in lakes, ecological protection areas, guiding and utilization areas and water conservation areas, and improve the water quality of rivers and lakes entering the lake. The Danjiangkou reservoir area and the upstream of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project should strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution and soil erosion, promote the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and achieve comprehensive water quality standards; Pollution control should be further deepened in the eastern water source area and along the line to ensure the quality of water transfer.

　　Do a good job in water pollution prevention and control in other river basins. We will intensify pollution prevention and control in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River Basin, and achieve stable and improved water quality. Take the southwest rivers, northwest inland rivers, southeast rivers, Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Hongze Lake, Fuxian Lake, liangzi lake, Bosten Lake, Ebinur Lake, Weishan Lake, Qinghai Lake and Erhai Lake as key areas to ensure and enhance water ecological security, explore the establishment of water ecological environment quality evaluation index system, carry out comprehensive assessment of water ecological security, and implement water pollution prevention and control and water ecological security guarantee measures. Strengthen the comprehensive management of Changhu Lake, Sanhu Lake, Bailu Lake, Honghu Lake and Yilong Lake in Yunnan Province. Strengthen environmental supervision and pollution prevention of rivers such as Heilongjiang, Wusuli River, Tumen River, Irtysh River and Yili River. Strengthen the protection of lakes with good water quality or fragile ecology.

　　Comprehensive prevention and control of marine environmental pollution and ecological damage. Adhere to the overall planning of land and sea, give consideration to both rivers and seas, and promote the comprehensive management of key sea areas such as the Bohai Sea. Implement the total pollutant discharge control system in key sea areas. Strengthen the connection between coastal waters and river basin pollution prevention. Strengthen environmental supervision of coastal engineering, marine engineering, marine dumping and ship pollution, and strictly control reclamation activities in ecologically sensitive areas. Reduce the emission intensity of pollutants from mariculture. Strengthen the construction of coastal shelterbelts and protect and restore typical marine ecosystems such as coastal wetlands, mangroves and coral reefs. Strengthen the protection of marine biodiversity. Gradually increase biological, red tide and oil spill monitoring projects in key sea areas, and strengthen emergency response to accidents such as oil spill at sea. Establish a data sharing mechanism for marine environmental monitoring. By 2015, the water quality in the coastal waters will remain stable as a whole, and the water quality in estuaries such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Pearl River and key bays such as the Bohai Sea will improve.

　　Promote the prevention and control of groundwater pollution. Carry out investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution, and delimit groundwater pollution control areas, prevention and control areas and general protection areas. Strengthen supervision of groundwater environment in key industries. Prohibit groundwater pollution sources such as seepage wells and pits, and cut off pollution channels such as abandoned drilling wells and mines. Prevent underground engineering facilities, underground exploration and mining activities from polluting groundwater. Control the influence of hazardous waste, urban pollution and agricultural non-point source pollution on groundwater. Strictly prevent and control the pollution of polluted soil and sewage irrigation to groundwater. Pilot rehabilitation in areas where groundwater pollution is prominent, focusing on strengthening the prevention and control of groundwater pollution in North China. Conduct a demonstration of comprehensive prevention and control of seawater intrusion.

　　(two) the implementation of a variety of air pollutants comprehensive control.

　　Deepen particulate pollution control. Strengthen the control of industrial smoke and dust, promote the transformation of dust removal facilities in coal-fired power plants and cement plants, and all sintering (pelletizing) equipment in the iron and steel industry should adopt high-efficiency dust collectors, and strengthen the construction of dust removal facilities in technological processes. Coal-fired boilers with more than 20 tons of steam (inclusive) should be equipped with high-efficiency dust collectors, and other small and medium-sized coal-fired industrial boilers should be encouraged to use low-ash coal or clean energy. Strengthen dust control on construction sites, muck transportation and roads.

　　Strengthen the control of volatile organic pollutants and toxic waste gas. Strengthen the emission control of volatile organic pollutants in the production, transportation and storage process of petrochemical industry. Encourage the use of water-based, low-toxic or low-volatile organic solvents, promote the pollution control of organic waste gas in fine chemical industry, and strengthen the recycling of organic waste gas. Implement the comprehensive management project of oil and gas recovery in gas stations, oil depots and tankers. Monitor volatile organic pollutants and toxic waste gas, and improve pollutant emission standards of key industries. Strict supervision of pollution sources will reduce the emission of toxic and harmful waste gases such as mercury, lead and dioxin.

　　Promote the prevention and control of urban air pollution. In key areas of joint prevention and control of air pollution, establish a regional air environmental quality evaluation system, carry out coordinated control of various pollutants, implement special emission limits of regional air pollutants, and focus on prevention and control of thermal power, steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemicals, building materials, chemicals and other industries. Monitoring of pollutants such as ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) will be carried out in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions, and regional joint law enforcement inspections will be carried out. By 2015, the compound air pollution in these regions will be controlled, and the air environmental quality of all cities will meet or be better than the national secondary standard, and the pollution of acid rain, haze and photochemical smog will be significantly reduced. Implement clean air action in cities and strengthen the prevention and control of air pollution in Urumqi and other cities. The implementation of urban air quality classification management, cities that have not yet reached the standard should formulate and implement the standard plan. Strengthen the control of cooking fume pollution and the treatment of odor pollution.

　　Strengthen the quality management of urban and rural acoustic environment. Strengthen the prevention and control of noise pollution in traffic, construction, industry, social life and other fields. Delineate or adjust the functional areas of acoustic environment, strengthen the management of urban acoustic environment standards, and expand the area of functional areas that meet the standards. Do a good job in controlling key noise sources and solve the problem of noise disturbing people. Strengthen the capacity building of noise supervision.

　　(3) Strengthening soil environmental protection.

　　Strengthen the construction of soil environmental protection system. Improve soil environmental quality standards, and formulate supervision and management measures and technical specifications for soil environmental protection in agricultural production areas. Study and establish the system of soil environmental quality evaluation and filing for construction project land and the system of investigation, evaluation and restoration of contaminated soil, and clarify the responsible subjects and requirements for treatment and restoration.

　　Strengthen soil environmental supervision. Deepen the investigation of soil environment and focus on sensitive areas such as grain and vegetable bases and areas affected by mineral resources development. Carry out pilot projects of soil pollution assessment and safety grade division in agricultural products producing areas. Strengthen the environmental supervision of polluted sites in cities and industrial and mining enterprises, carry out environmental risk assessment of the reuse of polluted sites, incorporate the environmental risk assessment of sites into the environmental impact assessment of construction projects, and prohibit land circulation and development and utilization of polluted sites that have not been assessed and harmlessly treated. Measures should be taken to prevent the spread of pollution in contaminated sites that have been assessed as having a serious impact on human health, and they should not be used for residential development, and existing residents should be relocated.

　　Promote the remediation of contaminated sites and soil in key areas. Focusing on typical contaminated sites and contaminated farmland around large and medium-sized cities, heavily polluting industrial and mining enterprises, centralized pollution control facilities, key areas for heavy metal pollution prevention and control, drinking water sources, waste storage sites, etc., pilot demonstrations on pollution control and remediation of contaminated sites and soil pollution will be carried out. It is necessary to increase the investment in remediation of soil pollution in historical sites such as the loss of responsible subjects.

　　(4) Strengthening ecological protection and supervision.

　　Strengthen the protection and construction of ecological functional areas. Strengthen the protection and management of 25 national key ecological function area, such as Daxinganling Forest and Changbai Mountain Forest, formulate management measures and improve management mechanism. Strengthen the construction of ecological environment monitoring and evaluation system, and carry out continuous monitoring and regular evaluation of ecosystem structure and function. Implement ecological protection and restoration projects. Strictly control the total amount of pollutants discharged from key ecological functional areas and the environmental standards for industrial access.

　　Improve the level of construction and supervision of nature reserves. Carry out basic investigation and evaluation of nature reserves, and make overall plans to improve the development plan of nature reserves throughout the country. Strengthen the construction and management of nature reserves, strictly control the adjustment of the scope and functional zoning of nature reserves, strictly limit the development and construction activities involving nature reserves, and standardize the management of land and sea areas in nature reserves. Strengthen the standardization of national nature reserves. Optimize the spatial structure and layout of nature reserves, and focus on strengthening the construction of natural reserves of rivers and aquatic ecosystems in areas such as southwest alpine valleys, hilly areas in central and southern China and coastal waters. Rescue and protect the remaining natural habitats in densely populated areas of central and eastern China. By 2015, the proportion of land nature reserves in the national territory will be stable at 15%.

　　Strengthen biodiversity protection. Continue to implement the Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan of China (2011-2030), strengthen the protection of priority areas for biodiversity protection, and complete the background investigation and assessment of biodiversity in 8 to 10 priority areas. Carry out biodiversity monitoring pilot projects and the construction of biodiversity protection demonstration zones and restoration demonstration zones. Promote the construction of germplasm resources banks in key areas and industries. Strengthen the entry and exit supervision of biological species resources. Study and establish a system for obtaining biological genetic resources and sharing benefits. Study and formulate laws and regulations to prevent the invasion of alien species and strengthen the safety management of genetically modified organisms. Strengthen the supervision of the environmental release of genetically modified organisms and the utilization of microorganisms for environmental improvement purposes, and carry out the prevention and control of alien harmful species. Publish a list of threatened animals and plants and alien invasive species. By 2015, 90% of the national key protected species and typical ecosystems will be protected.

　　Promote ecological environment supervision of resource development. Implement ecological function zoning and standardize resource development and utilization activities. Strengthen ecological supervision in the development of minerals, hydropower, tourism resources and transportation infrastructure construction, and implement the responsibilities of related enterprises in ecological protection and restoration. Implement the deposit system for mine environmental management and ecological restoration.

　　V. Strengthening prevention and control of environmental risks in key areas

　　(a) to promote the whole process of environmental risk management.

　　Conduct environmental risk investigation and assessment. Focus on enterprises that emit heavy metals, hazardous wastes, persistent organic pollutants and produce and use hazardous chemicals, comprehensively investigate key environmental risk sources and environmental sensitive points, and establish a database of environmental risk sources. Study the generation, spread, prevention and control mechanism of environmental risks. Investigate environmental pollution and health damage, and establish an environmental and health risk assessment system.

　　Improve environmental risk management measures. Improve the prevention-oriented environmental risk management system and implement the main responsibility of enterprises. Formulate environmental risk assessment norms and improve relevant technical policies, standards and engineering construction norms. The examination and approval of environmental impact assessment of construction projects should put forward clear requirements for preventing environmental risks. The establishment of enterprise environmental emergencies reporting and emergency treatment system, characteristic pollutants monitoring and reporting system. Conduct regular special inspections on key risk sources, important and sensitive areas, supervise high-risk enterprises, rectify or relocate within a time limit, and shut down those who do not have the conditions for rectification according to law. Establish an environmental emergency rescue network, improve the environmental emergency plan, and regularly carry out environmental accident emergency drills. Improve the emergency rescue system for sudden environmental incidents, build an environmental emergency rescue mechanism with government guidance, departmental coordination, graded responsibility and social participation, and scientifically and properly handle sudden environmental incidents according to law.

　　Establish an environmental accident handling and damage compensation recovery mechanism. Taking effective prevention and proper response to major environmental emergencies as an important task of local people’s governments is included in the environmental protection target responsibility system. Promote the construction of environmental pollution damage appraisal and evaluation institutions, establish appraisal and evaluation mechanism, and improve the damage compensation system. Establish a technical system for damage assessment, damage compensation and damage repair. We will improve the environmental pollution liability insurance system and study the establishment of a compulsory insurance system for enterprises with high environmental risks such as heavy metal emissions.

　　(2) Strengthening nuclear and radiation safety management.

　　Improve the safety level of nuclear energy and nuclear technology utilization. Strengthen the analysis, prediction and early warning of the impact of major natural disasters on nuclear facilities. Further improve the reliability of design, manufacture, installation and operation of nuclear safety equipment. Strengthen the safety rectification of research reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities, and restrict the operation or gradually shut down facilities that cannot meet safety requirements. Standardize the behavior of nuclear technology utilization, carry out comprehensive safety inspection of nuclear technology utilization units, and implement compulsory retirement of nuclear technology utilization projects with great security risks.

　　Strengthen nuclear and radiation safety supervision. Improve the nuclear and radiation safety evaluation methods. Strengthen the safety supervision of operating nuclear facilities, strengthen the safety analysis and evaluation of nuclear facilities under construction and proposed, and improve the nuclear safety licensing system. Improve the safety management of early nuclear facilities. Strengthen safety supervision over the production, transportation and storage of nuclear materials and radioactive materials. Strengthen the safety supervision of nuclear technology utilization and improve the radiation safety management information system of nuclear technology utilization. Strengthen radiation environmental quality monitoring and supervision monitoring of nuclear facility effluent. Improve the international cooperation mechanism of nuclear and radiation safety supervision, and strengthen nuclear safety publicity and popular science education.

　　Strengthen the prevention and control of radioactive pollution. Promote early decommissioning of nuclear facilities and radioactive pollution control. Carry out the decommissioning of civil radiation irradiation devices and the recycling of waste sources. Accelerate the capacity building of radioactive waste storage, treatment and disposal, and basically eliminate the safety risks of low-level radioactive waste liquid left over from history. Accelerate the pollution control of uranium mines and associated radioactive mines, shut down uranium smelting facilities that do not meet the safety requirements, and establish a long-term monitoring mechanism for uranium smelting decommissioning treatment projects.

　　(three) to curb the high incidence of heavy metal pollution incidents.

　　Strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in key industries and regions. Focus on non-ferrous metal ore (including associated ore) mining and dressing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting industry, lead storage battery manufacturing industry, leather and its products industry, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry, increase prevention and control efforts, and accelerate the pace of eliminating backward production capacity of heavy metal-related enterprises. Reasonably adjust the layout of heavy metal-related enterprises, gradually improve the industry access threshold, and strictly implement the health protection distance. Adhere to the replacement of new production capacity and eliminated production capacity by equal amount or reduction, and prohibit the new reconstruction and expansion of projects that increase heavy metal pollutant emissions in key areas. Encourage all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to explore the pilot of heavy metal emission replacement and trading in their non-key areas. Formulate and implement special emission limits for heavy metal pollutants in key regions and industries. Strengthen the comprehensive control of heavy metal pollution in Xiangjiang River and other river basins and regions. By 2015, the emission of heavy metal pollutants in key areas will be reduced by 15% compared with 2007, and the emission of heavy metal pollutants in non-key areas will not exceed the 2007 level.

　　Implement comprehensive prevention and control of heavy metal pollution sources. Manage heavy metal-related enterprises as key pollution sources, establish accounts for the generation and discharge of heavy metal pollutants, and strengthen the supervisory monitoring and inspection system. Conduct compulsory cleaner production audit for key enterprises every two years. Promote the technological progress of heavy metal-related industries and encourage enterprises to carry out advanced treatment. Encourage lead battery manufacturing, nonferrous metal smelting, leather and its products industry, electroplating and other industries to implement similar integration and park management, and strengthen the environmental protection requirements of the park. Improve the health hazard monitoring and diagnosis and treatment system of heavy metal pollution.

　　(four) to promote the safe treatment and disposal of solid waste.

　　Strengthen the prevention and control of hazardous waste pollution. Implement the whole process management system of hazardous waste, determine the list of hazardous waste generating units under key supervision, strengthen the standardized management of hazardous waste generating units and business units, and put an end to illegal transfer of hazardous waste. Investigate and evaluate the utilization and disposal facilities built by enterprises, and promote the industrialization, specialization and large-scale development of hazardous waste utilization and disposal. Control the amount of hazardous waste landfill. Prohibit illegal processing and utilization facilities of waste lead-acid batteries. Standardize the management of hazardous wastes from non-industrial sources such as laboratories. Accelerate the safe disposal of historical chromium slag, and ensure that the newly added chromium slag is harmlessly utilized and disposed. Strengthen the whole process management of medical waste and the construction of facilities for harmless disposal, promote the harmless management of medical waste in rural areas, towns and remote areas according to local conditions, and basically realize the harmless disposal of medical waste in cities above prefecture level by 2015.

　　Strengthen the prevention and control of industrial solid waste pollution. We will improve preferential policies to encourage the utilization and disposal of industrial solid waste, strengthen the development of comprehensive utilization and disposal technology of industrial solid waste, and strengthen pollution prevention and control of bulk industrial solid waste such as coal gangue, fly ash, industrial by-product gypsum, smelting and chemical waste residue. By 2015, the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste will reach 72%. We will implement the extended producer responsibility system, standardize the recycling activities of waste electrical and electronic products, build a recycling system for waste materials and a centralized processing park to promote the comprehensive utilization of resources. Strengthen the management of imported waste circle.

　　Improve the level of domestic waste treatment. Accelerate the construction of urban domestic waste treatment facilities. By 2015, the harmless treatment rate of urban domestic waste in China will reach 80%, and all counties have the ability to treat domestic waste harmlessly. We will improve the system of classified recovery of domestic waste, improve the system of classified recovery, closed transportation and centralized treatment, and strengthen the supervision of facility operation. Remediation of facilities and places for simple garbage disposal or stacking, and ecological restoration and transformation of closed landfills and old garbage dumps. Encourage garbage anaerobic gasification, incineration power generation and heating, landfill gas power generation, and resource utilization of kitchen waste. Promote the construction of landfill leachate and waste incineration fly ash disposal projects. We will carry out a pilot project of collaborative treatment of domestic garbage and sludge in industrial production processes.

　　(five) improve the chemical environmental risk prevention and control system.

　　Strict environmental supervision of chemicals. Improve the environmental management registration system for hazardous chemicals and new chemical substances. Formulate the elimination list of toxic and harmful chemicals, and eliminate chemicals that are highly toxic, difficult to degrade and highly harmful to the environment according to law. Make a list of key environmental management chemicals and restrict the production and use of chemicals with high environmental risks. Improve relevant industry access standards, environmental quality standards, emission standards and monitoring technical specifications, implement emission and transfer reporting systems, and carry out mandatory cleaner production audits. Improve the chemical environmental management institutions. Establish a lifelong accountability system for chemical environmental pollution responsibility and an administrative accountability system for the whole process.

　　Strengthen chemical risk prevention and control. Strengthen the environmental management of chemical parks, strictly examine and approve the environmental impact assessment of newly-built chemical parks, and strengthen the upgrading and transformation of existing chemical enterprise concentration areas. Newly-built projects involving hazardous chemicals should enter chemical parks or chemical gathering areas, and enterprises outside the existing chemical parks should gradually move into the parks. Formulate standards for the construction of environmental protection facilities in chemical parks, and improve the construction of related facilities and environmental emergency systems in the parks. Strengthen the management and disposal of hazardous chemical wastes and contaminated sites in key environmental management categories. Promote the construction of temporary storage of abandoned hazardous chemicals in hazardous chemicals enterprises and the construction of treatment and disposal capacity. Focus on iron ore sintering, electric arc furnace steelmaking, recycled non-ferrous metal production, waste incineration and other industries, strengthen the prevention and control of dioxin pollution, and establish a sound prevention and control system and long-term supervision mechanism for dioxin pollution; By 2015, the emission intensity of dioxin in key industries will be reduced by 10%.

　　Six, improve the basic public service system of environmental protection.

　　(1) Promoting the equalization of basic public services for environmental protection.

　　Formulate national environmental function zoning. According to the differences of major environmental functions in different regions, aiming at maintaining environmental health, conserving natural ecological safety and ensuring environmental safety of food producing areas, and combining with the national main functional area planning, the national environmental functional zoning is formulated, and "ecological red lines" are delineated in key ecological functional areas, sensitive areas of land and marine ecological environment, fragile areas and other areas, and environmental objectives, policies and environmental standards for different regions are formulated, and classified guidance and zoning management are implemented.

　　We will intensify environmental management in areas with optimized development and key development, implement strict pollutant discharge standards in combination with environmental capacity, greatly reduce the total amount of pollutant discharge, strengthen environmental risk prevention, and protect and expand ecological space. Strengthen the environmental supervision of the main producing areas of agricultural products and strengthen the prevention and control of soil erosion and aquaculture pollution. Conservation zone, a natural and cultural city, is subject to compulsory protection according to law, maintaining the authenticity and integrity of natural ecology and cultural heritage, closing or moving out polluting enterprises according to law, and realizing "zero emission" of pollutants. Strict environmental access to energy bases and mineral resource base and other regions will guide the rational and orderly development of natural resources.

　　Implement the regional environmental protection strategy. The western region should adhere to ecological priority, strengthen environmental supervision of hydropower, minerals and other resources and energy development activities, protect and improve its ecological service function, and build a national ecological security barrier. Sanjiangyuan area should further promote the construction of ecological protection comprehensive experimental zone. Ecological management and desertification control should be strengthened in Tarim River basin. Hubao Eyu, Guanzhong-Tianshui, Lanzhou-Xining, Ningxia along the Yellow River, the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain and other areas should strictly limit the development of high-water consumption industries, improve the utilization level of water resources, and control soot-type air pollution during heating period. Chengdu-Chongqing, central Guizhou, central Yunnan and central and southern Tibet should strengthen the prevention and control of acid rain pollution, strengthen the control of rocky desertification and the protection of plateau lakes.

　　Northeast China should strengthen the protection of forests and other ecosystems, carry out wetland restoration in Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain, strengthen comprehensive control of soil erosion and desertification in black land, and strengthen soil environmental protection in agricultural products producing areas in Northeast Plain. Central and southern Liaoning, Changjitu, Hadaqi and Musui areas should strengthen the control of urban air pollution during heating period, promote the prevention and control of pollution in Songhua River, Liaohe River basin and coastal waters, strengthen the comprehensive control of coal mining subsidence areas and the restoration of mine environment, and strengthen the ecological environment supervision of oil and other resources development activities.

　　The central region should effectively maintain the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment, improve the level of urban and rural environmental infrastructure construction, and maintain the overall stability of environmental quality. Taiyuan Urban Agglomeration and Central Plains Economic Zone should strengthen regional air pollution control cooperation, strictly limit the development of high-water consumption industries, and strengthen the ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence areas. Wuhan City Circle, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group, Wanjiang City Belt and other regions should take the regional resource carrying capacity and ecological environment capacity as an important basis for undertaking industrial transfer, strictly control the access threshold of resource conservation and environmental protection, coordinate urban and rural environmental protection, and accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. Strengthen the protection of ecological environment in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone.

　　The eastern region should greatly reduce the total amount of pollutants discharged, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, and resolve the bottleneck of resources and environment. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions should accelerate the innovation of environmental management system and mechanism, and effectively control regional compound air pollution. Hebei coastal areas, Jiangsu coastal areas, Zhejiang Zhoushan Islands New Area, the west side of the Taiwan Strait, Shandong Peninsula and other areas should further improve the efficiency of resource and energy utilization and protect coastal areas and biodiversity. Accelerate the environmental infrastructure construction of Hainan International Tourism Island.

　　Promote the equalization of basic public services for regional environmental protection. Reasonably determine the scope and standards of basic public services for environmental protection, strengthen urban and rural and regional overall planning, and improve the basic public service system for environmental protection. Through general transfer payments and ecological compensation, the central government has increased its support for the western region, prohibited development areas, restricted development areas and areas with special difficulties, and improved the supply level of basic public services for environmental protection. Local people’s governments at all levels should ensure the expenditure on basic public services for environmental protection and strengthen the capacity building of environmental supervision at the grass-roots level.

　　(2) Improve the level of rural environmental protection.

　　Ensure the safety of rural drinking water. Carry out investigation and evaluation of rural drinking water sources, and promote the delineation of rural drinking water source protection areas or protection areas. Strengthen the comprehensive improvement of drinking water source environment. Establish and improve the environmental supervision system of rural drinking water sources, and strengthen law enforcement inspection. Carry out publicity and education on environmental protection to raise the awareness of rural residents on water source protection. Promote the integration of urban and rural water supply in areas where conditions permit.

　　Improve the treatment level of domestic sewage and garbage in rural areas. Encourage towns and large-scale villages to build centralized sewage treatment facilities, and integrate the sewage from towns and villages around the city into the urban sewage collection pipe network for unified treatment. Villages living in scattered areas should promote the construction of decentralized, low-cost and easy-to-maintain sewage treatment facilities. Strengthen the construction of collection, transportation and disposal facilities for rural domestic garbage, and make overall plans for the construction of harmless treatment facilities and collection and transportation systems in towns and villages around cities and counties; In areas with inconvenient transportation, we should explore the local treatment mode and guide rural domestic garbage to realize source classification, local reduction and resource utilization.

　　Improve the level of pollution prevention and control of rural planting and aquaculture. Guide farmers to use biological pesticides or pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, and pesticide packaging should be treated harmlessly. Vigorously promote soil testing and formula fertilization. Promote the development of ecological agriculture and organic agriculture. Strengthen the resource utilization of agricultural production wastes such as discarded agricultural films and straws. Carry out aquaculture pollution investigation to reduce the aquaculture area and the number of feeding in Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake and Hongze Lake.

　　Improve the rural environmental quality in key areas. We will implement the target responsibility system for comprehensive environmental improvement in rural areas, implement rural clean-up projects, develop and popularize applicable comprehensive improvement models and technologies, and focus on solving the problems of villages and market towns with outstanding environmental pollution. By 2015, we will complete the task of comprehensive environmental improvement in 60,000 established villages. Optimize the layout of industrial development in rural areas, strictly enforce environmental access for industrial projects, and prevent urban and industrial pollution from transferring to rural areas. Comprehensive treatment should be carried out for the residual pollution after the relocation and shutdown of chemical and electroplating enterprises in rural areas.

　　(3) Strengthening the construction of environmental supervision system.

　　Focusing on infrastructure, security and talents, we will promote the equalization of basic public services for environmental supervision. By 2015, we will basically form a supervision system for pollution sources and total emission reduction, an environmental quality monitoring and evaluation system, an environmental early warning and emergency response system, and initially establish a basic public service system for environmental supervision.

　　Improve the statistics, monitoring and assessment system of pollution reduction. Strengthen the construction, supervision and management, operation and maintenance of automatic monitoring system for pollution sources. Strengthen the capacity building of rural and motor vehicle emission reduction supervision. We will comprehensively promote the standardization of environmental protection capabilities such as monitoring, supervision, education, statistics and information, and greatly enhance the basic environmental supervision capabilities of cities and counties. In Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other economically developed areas and heavily polluted areas, as well as other conditional areas, the environmental monitoring team will be extended to towns and streets. Focus on county-level and some prefecture-level monitoring and supervision institutions in the central and western regions, and promote the construction of grassroots environmental monitoring and law enforcement business houses. Carry out agricultural and rural environmental statistics. Carry out research on the total emission control of non-point source pollutants, and explore the establishment of a certification system for non-point source pollution reduction.

　　Promote the construction of environmental quality monitoring and assessment system. Optimize the national environmental monitoring sections (points) and build an environmental quality evaluation, assessment and early warning network. Construction of national environmental monitoring sites in key areas to improve the automatic monitoring level of the national monitoring network. Improve the monitoring capacity of regional characteristic pollutants, carry out monitoring of emission sources of characteristic pollution factors of typical environmental problems such as heavy metals and volatile organic compounds, and encourage the monitoring of characteristic pollutants to be included in the local daily monitoring scope. We will carry out pilot projects for monitoring the water quality of rural drinking water sources and village rivers (reservoirs), promote the construction of air background stations or regional stations in typical rural areas, strengthen the construction of mobile monitoring capacity, improve the coverage rate of environmental monitoring in rural areas, and start the investigation and evaluation of rural environmental quality. Carry out biological monitoring. Promote the construction and application of environmental special satellites, establish a national ecological environment monitoring network combining satellite remote sensing monitoring with ground monitoring, and carry out ecological environment quality monitoring and evaluation. Building a national radiation environmental monitoring network.

　　Strengthen the construction of environmental early warning and emergency response system. Accelerate the construction of national, provincial and municipal automatic monitoring systems and establish early warning monitoring systems. Improve the basic, statistical and operational application capabilities of environmental information and build an environmental information resource center. By means of Internet of Things and electronic identification, the whole process of storage and transportation of dangerous chemicals is monitored. Strengthen the standardization of environmental emergency response capability. Strengthen the construction of environmental emergency and supervision institutions in key river basins and regions. We will improve the nuclear and radiation environmental monitoring system, establish a supervisory monitoring system for important nuclear facilities and a real-time online monitoring system for effluent from other nuclear facilities, and promote the construction of national nuclear and radiation safety supervision technology research and development bases, key laboratories and business buildings. Strengthen the emergency response and anti-terrorism capacity building of nuclear and radiation accidents, and improve the emergency decision-making, command and dispatch system and emergency material reserve.

　　Improve the ability to guarantee basic public services for environmental supervision. Establish funding guarantee channels and mechanisms, and ensure the operation of national and local environmental supervision networks, equipment update and maintenance and renovation of business premises in accordance with the operating funding quota standards and update mechanisms. Strengthen team building and improve the quality of personnel. Study and establish nuclear and radiation safety supervision and technical qualification management system for personnel in important positions of nuclear safety. Improve the training mechanism and strengthen the training of environmental supervisors at the city and county levels, especially in the central and western regions. Cultivate and introduce high-end talents. Regularly carry out environmental professional skills competitions.

　　VII. Implementing Major Environmental Protection Projects

　　In order to implement the objectives and tasks of environmental protection in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, it is necessary to actively implement various environmental protection projects (the investment demand for environmental protection in the whole society is about 3.4 trillion yuan), among which 8 key environmental protection projects are given priority and a number of environmental basic investigations and pilot demonstrations are carried out, with an investment demand of about 1.5 trillion yuan. It is necessary to make full use of the market mechanism to form a diversified investment pattern and ensure that the project investment is in place. Enterprises and local people’s governments at all levels are the main input to the project, and the central government gives support according to different situations. It is necessary to regularly carry out performance evaluation of engineering projects to improve investment efficiency.

　　Eight, improve policies and measures

　　(a) the implementation of environmental target responsibility system.

　　Formulate an index system for ecological civilization construction and incorporate it into the performance evaluation of local people’s governments at all levels. Implement a one-vote veto system for environmental protection. Continue to promote the assessment of total emission reduction of major pollutants and explore the supervision and assessment of environmental quality. Implement the environmental target responsibility system, regularly publish assessment results such as emission reduction of major pollutants, environmental quality, implementation of pollution prevention and control planning in key river basins, and conduct interviews with local governments that have not completed environmental protection targets or are responsible for major environmental emergencies, implement regional approval restrictions, and investigate relevant leadership responsibilities.

　　(2) Improve the comprehensive decision-making mechanism.

　　Improve the environmental management system in which the government is responsible, the environmental protection departments are unified in supervision and management, the relevant departments are coordinated, and the whole society participates together. Give full play to the role of the inter-ministerial joint meeting on environmental protection, and promote inter-departmental coordination and information sharing. The total amount control requirements of major pollutants, environmental capacity, environmental function zoning and environmental risk assessment are taken as the decision-making basis for regional and industrial development. Carry out environmental impact assessment on key river basins, regional development and industry development planning and construction projects according to law. Improve the linkage mechanism between planning environmental impact assessment and construction project environmental impact assessment. Improve the environmental protection acceptance system for construction projects. Strengthen the supervision and management of environmental impact assessment review. Conduct environmental impact assessment on the overall urban planning of key environmental protection cities, and explore the preparation of the overall urban environmental protection planning.

　　(3) Strengthening the construction of laws and regulations.

　　We will strengthen the basic research on the revision of laws such as the Environmental Protection Law, the Air Pollution Prevention Law, the Cleaner Production Promotion Law, the Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law, the Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention Law and the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, and study and formulate laws and regulations such as total pollutant control, drinking water source protection, soil environmental protection, pollutant discharge permit management, livestock and poultry breeding pollution prevention, motor vehicle pollution prevention, toxic and harmful chemicals management, nuclear safety and radioactive pollution prevention, and environmental pollution damage compensation.

　　Coordinate the formulation (revision) of environmental quality standards, pollutant discharge standards, nuclear power standards, civil nuclear safety equipment standards, environmental monitoring standards, environmental basic standards and environmental protection standards such as management standards. Improve the environmental quality standards of atmosphere, water, ocean and soil, improve the emission control requirements of conventional pollutants and toxic and harmful pollutants in pollutant emission standards, and strengthen the indirect emission control of water pollutants and the environmental quality monitoring requirements around enterprises. Promote the identification of environmental risk sources, environmental risk assessment and the construction of emergency environmental protection standards for environmental emergencies. Encourage local governments to formulate and implement local pollutant discharge standards.

　　(4) Improve environmental and economic policies.

　　Implement the electricity price policy of flue gas desulfurization in coal-fired power plants, study and formulate the electricity price policy of denitrification, and implement preferential policies for enterprises such as sewage treatment, sludge harmless treatment facilities, desulfurization and denitrification in non-power industries and garbage disposal facilities. For non-resident water use, the system of excessive progressive price increase should be gradually implemented, and the policy of differential water price should be implemented for high water consumption industries. Study on policies and measures to encourage "zero discharge" of enterprise wastewater. Improve the system of paid acquisition and use of emission rights and develop the emission trading market.

　　We will promote the reform of environmental taxes and fees and improve the system of sewage charges. Fully implement the polluter pays principle, improve the sewage treatment charging system, and the charging standard should gradually meet the needs of stable operation of sewage treatment facilities and harmless disposal of sludge. Reform the way of collecting garbage disposal fees, increase the intensity of collection, and moderately raise the standard of garbage disposal fees and financial subsidies.

　　Establish a credit evaluation system for corporate environmental behavior and increase credit support for enterprises and projects that meet environmental protection requirements and credit principles. Establish a green rating system for banks, and link the effectiveness of green credit with the performance evaluation, institutional access and business development of bank staff. Promote government green procurement, gradually increase the proportion of environmental protection products, and study and implement government procurement of environmental protection services. Formulate and improve the comprehensive list of environmental protection.

　　Explore the establishment of special funds for national ecological compensation. To study, formulate and implement regulations on ecological compensation. Establish ecological compensation mechanisms such as river basins and key ecological functional areas. Carry out the reserve system for sustainable development of resource-based enterprises.

　　(5) Strengthen scientific and technological support.

　　Improve the basic research and application ability of environmental science and technology. Consolidate the scientific basis for the formulation of environmental benchmarks and standards, and improve environmental management technical systems such as environmental investigation and evaluation, monitoring and early warning, and risk prevention. Promote the construction of national key environmental protection laboratories, engineering technology centers and field observation and research stations. Organize and implement major national science and technology projects such as water pollution control and treatment, and vigorously develop high-tech, key technologies and common technologies for pollution control, ecological protection and environmental risk prevention. Research and development of nitrogen oxides, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, dangerous chemicals and other control technologies and technologies suitable for China’s national conditions, such as soil remediation and agricultural non-point source pollution control. Vigorously promote the research and development of integrated control technologies such as desulfurization and denitrification integration, phosphorus and nitrogen removal integration and heavy metal removal. Strengthen the demonstration and popularization of advanced technology.

　　(6) Developing environmental protection industry.

　　Focusing on the needs of key projects, we will strengthen policy drive, vigorously promote the development of equipment manufacturing industry focusing on sewage treatment, garbage disposal, desulfurization and denitrification, soil remediation and environmental monitoring, and develop and demonstrate a number of new environmentally friendly materials, chemicals and environmentally friendly products. Promote the construction of cross-industry and cross-enterprise recycling consortia. We will implement the qualification licensing system for the operation of environmental protection facilities, promote the professionalization, socialization and marketization of the construction and operation of pollution facilities such as flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, urban sewage and garbage treatment, and hazardous waste treatment and disposal, and implement the franchise of flue gas desulfurization facilities. Formulate statistical standards for environmental protection industry. To study and formulate policies and measures to improve the level of environmental services such as project investment and financing, design and construction, facility operation and maintenance, technical consultation, cleaner production audit, product certification and personnel training.

　　(7) Increase investment.

　　Environmental protection should be included in the budgets of fiscal years at all levels and investment should be gradually increased. Timely increase the funding arrangements for environmental protection capacity building at the same level. Increase support for environmental protection in the central and western regions. Focusing on promoting the equalization of basic environmental public services and improving environmental quality, we will improve the general transfer payment system and increase the transfer payment for environmental protection in national key ecological function area, central and western regions and ethnic autonomous areas. We will deepen policies such as "promoting prevention with awards", "promoting governance with awards" and "replacing compensation with awards" and strengthen the guiding role of financial funds at all levels.

　　Promote the innovation of environmental financial products and improve the market-oriented financing mechanism. Explore the financing mode of emission mortgage. Promote the establishment of a combination of financial input, bank loans and social funds. Encourage qualified local financing platform companies to broaden the investment and financing channels of environmental protection by direct and indirect financing. Support qualified environmental protection enterprises to issue bonds or restructure and go public, and encourage qualified environmental protection listed companies to implement refinancing. Explore the development of financial leasing business of environmental protection equipment and facilities. Encourage the establishment of environmental protection industry development funds through multiple channels. Guide all kinds of venture capital enterprises, equity investment enterprises, social donations and international aid funds to increase investment in the field of environmental protection.

　　(8) Strict law enforcement and supervision.

　　Improve the system and mechanism of environmental monitoring, clarify the responsibilities and procedures of law enforcement, and improve the efficiency of law enforcement. Establish a cross-administrative environmental law enforcement cooperation mechanism and a departmental linkage law enforcement mechanism. We will carry out in-depth special actions to rectify illegal sewage enterprises and protect people’s health and environmental protection, improve the punishment methods for environmental violations, and strengthen law enforcement. Continue to carry out environmental safety supervision to eliminate potential environmental safety hazards. Strengthen environmental supervision to undertake industrial transfer. Deepen the supervision system of river basins, regions and industries, such as approval restriction and listing supervision. Carry out supervision after the implementation of environmental laws and regulations and the rectification of environmental problems, and improve the accountability system for major environmental incidents and pollution accidents. Encourage the establishment of environmental protection courts.

　　(9) Give full play to the enthusiasm of local people’s governments.

　　Further deepen the incentive measures for environmental protection and give full play to the enthusiasm of local people’s governments in preventing and controlling environmental pollution. Further improve the comprehensive evaluation system of leading cadres’ political achievements, guide local people’s governments at all levels to put environmental protection in a prominent position in the overall work, and study and solve major environmental protection problems in the region in a timely manner. Improve the central environmental protection investment management mechanism and drive local people’s governments to increase investment. Promote the pilot project of ecological civilization construction, and encourage the establishment of environmental protection model cities and ecological demonstration areas.

　　(ten) departments to promote environmental protection.

　　Environmental protection departments should strengthen the guidance, coordination, supervision and comprehensive management of environmental protection. Comprehensive departments such as development, reform and finance should formulate fiscal, taxation, industry, price and investment policies that are conducive to environmental protection. Science and technology departments should strengthen research and development and demonstration support for key technologies such as controlling pollutant emissions and improving environmental quality. Industrial departments should intensify the technological transformation of enterprises, strictly enter industries, improve the exit mechanism of backward production capacity, and strengthen the prevention and control of industrial pollution. Land and resources departments should control the development of ecological land, strengthen the environmental restoration of mineral resources development, and ensure the construction land of key environmental protection projects. Housing and urban-rural construction departments should strengthen the construction and operation management of urban and rural sewage and garbage treatment facilities. Transportation, railways and other departments should strengthen the ecological environment protection in the construction and transportation of highways, railways, ports and waterways. Water conservancy departments should optimize the utilization and allocation of water resources, make overall plans to coordinate the use of water for living, production and operation and ecological environment, strictly manage the sewage outlets entering the river, strengthen the management and protection of water resources, and strengthen the control of soil erosion. The agricultural sector should strengthen the guidance and guidance on the scientific application of fertilizers and pesticides, strengthen the prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution, agricultural water conservation, agricultural species resources, aquatic biological resources, fishery waters and grassland ecological protection, and strengthen the management of exotic species. Commercial departments should strictly control the pollution of hotels and restaurants, promote green trade and deal with trade environmental barriers. Health departments should actively promote environmental and health-related work and increase the construction of heavy metal diagnosis and treatment system. Customs departments should strengthen supervision over the entry and exit of wastes,Intensify the investigation and punishment of behaviors that endanger environmental safety, such as smuggling waste, and block the illegal cross-border transfer of hazardous waste. Forestry departments should strengthen forestry ecological construction. Tourism departments should rationally develop tourism resources and strengthen environmental protection in tourist areas. The energy sector should rationally regulate the total energy consumption, implement strategic adjustment of energy structure and improve energy utilization efficiency. Meteorological departments should strengthen meteorological monitoring and early warning services for prevention and control of air pollution and comprehensive management of water environment, as well as meteorological emergency response services for nuclear safety and radioactive pollution. The marine department should strengthen marine ecological protection, promote the construction of marine protected areas, and strengthen environmental supervision of marine engineering and marine dumping.

　　(eleven) actively guide the participation of the whole people.

　　Implement the national environmental education action plan and mobilize the whole society to participate in environmental protection. Promote green creation activities and advocate green production and lifestyle. Improve the system of news release and disclosure of major environmental information. Promote the disclosure of urban environmental quality, key pollution sources, drinking water quality in key cities, enterprise environment and safety information of nuclear power plants, and establish a compulsory disclosure system for environmental information involving enterprises that discharge toxic and harmful substances. Guide enterprises to further enhance their sense of social responsibility. Establish and improve the reporting system of environmental protection, unblock the complaint channels of environmental letters and visits, 12369 environmental hotline, online mailbox, etc., and encourage the implementation of reward reporting. Support environmental public interest litigation.

　　(12) Strengthening international environmental cooperation.

　　Strengthen environmental cooperation with other countries and international organizations, actively introduce foreign advanced environmental protection concepts, management models, pollution control technologies and funds, and publicize China’s environmental protection policies and progress. Vigorously promote the implementation of international environmental conventions, nuclear safety and radioactive waste management safety conventions, improve the domestic coordination mechanism, increase the input of the central government to the implementation work, and explore the guarantee mechanism of the implementation funds combining international resources with funds from other channels.

　　Actively participate in environmental and trade-related negotiations and the formulation of relevant rules, strengthen the coordination between environment and trade, and safeguard China’s environmental rights and interests. Study and adjust the import and export tariff policies for products with high pollution and high environmental risks to curb the export of products with high energy consumption and high emissions. We will comprehensively strengthen environmental supervision of import and export trade, prohibit the introduction of products, technologies and facilities that do not meet environmental protection standards, and vigorously promote green trade.

　　Nine, strengthen organizational leadership and evaluation.

　　The local people’s government is the main body responsible for the implementation of the plan. It is necessary to incorporate the planning objectives, tasks, measures and key projects into the overall plan for national economic and social development in the region, and take the implementation of the plan as an important part of the comprehensive assessment and evaluation of leading cadres of local governments. All relevant departments in the State Council should carry out their duties, cooperate closely, improve the system and mechanism, increase capital investment, and promote the implementation of the plan. To the end of 2013 and the end of 2015, respectively, the implementation of the plan for the mid-term evaluation and final assessment, evaluation and assessment results to the State Council, announced to the public, and as an important part of the local people’s government performance assessment.

　　Mycoplasma pneumoniae

　　In autumn and winter, respiratory diseases are high, and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is even more threatening, and the number of infected people is increasing. How should parents deal with it? The child has a cold and a fever. Do you want to go to the hospital? Cough hasn’t been cured. Do you want to take medicine? Is infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae equal to pneumonia? Don’t worry! Professor Tian Man, Director of Respiratory Department of Nanjing Children’s Hospital, was specially invited to the live broadcast room to talk with you about the prevention and treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae!

　　Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection ≠ Mycoplasma pneumonia!

　　Mycoplasma is a microorganism between bacteria and viruses, and it is also the smallest microorganism known to exist independently in the world at present. There are many kinds of mycoplasma, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae is only one of them. Because the name of Mycoplasma pneumoniae contains the word pneumonia, many people think that infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae means pneumonia, but it is not! Infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae does not necessarily mean that it will develop into pneumonia. Most of them are respiratory infections. Only when mycoplasma pneumoniae invades the lower respiratory tract of human body can it lead to pneumonia.

　　Mycoplasma pneumoniae can be transmitted by droplets and direct contact, with an incubation period of 1-3 weeks, and it is contagious from the incubation period to several weeks when symptoms are relieved. Healthy people may cause infection after inhaling nasal and oral secretions ejected by patients when coughing or sneezing. The main symptoms of infection are fever and cough, and may be accompanied by headache, runny nose and sore throat. Generally speaking, people of all ages are likely to be infected by mycoplasma pneumoniae, but preschool children and school-age children are more likely to be infected, and there are more severe patients, such as persistent high fever, intermittent aggravation of lung imaging, and even a series of complications.

　　How to judge whether you are infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae?

　　The symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are similar to those of respiratory tract infection caused by other viruses or bacteria, such as fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, etc., so it is difficult to clearly judge whether it is mycoplasma pneumoniae infection from the clinical symptoms. At present, the recommended diagnostic method is pathogen detection, mainly including nucleic acid detection, antigen detection and antibody detection.

　　01

　　Detection of nucleic acid or multiple pathogens: Many people think of Covid-19 as soon as they hear the detection of nucleic acid. Why should we carry out nucleic acid detection for mycoplasma detection? In fact, nucleic acid detection is just a method, and a nucleic acid package can be used to check a variety of pathogens, including mycoplasma pneumoniae. Nucleic acid detection has high sensitivity and specificity, and can give accurate results soon, so it is a recommended detection method for mycoplasma at present.

　　02

　　Detection of mycoplasma antigen in throat swab: We should be familiar with the antigen detection, and the operation is relatively convenient. You don’t need to draw blood, just check the throat swab, and the antigen can be found at the beginning of the disease. If it is positive, it is considered as infection or carrying, which is simple and convenient.

　　03

　　Blood test for mycoplasma antibody: Blood test for antibodies is of little significance in the early stage of the disease, because it takes time to produce antibodies after being infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae, and it usually takes 7 days to get sick.
It will only appear in a few days. When you get sick, check the antibody, which may show negative, but it cannot be ruled out that it is mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. At the same time, even if the antibody is found to be positive, it does not mean that the patient is infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae this time, because after the antibody is produced, it will last for several months to one year, and the antibody found this time is probably the antibody left after the previous infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

　　So what kind of antibody results are clinically meaningful? That is, the antibody was negative when I was just sick, and I was sick for a week or 4 ~ 5.
Days later, the reexamination was positive, which suggested that it was infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae this time.

　　Can routine blood tests determine whether you are infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae? The answer is no. The biggest function of blood routine examination is to judge whether the patient belongs to bacterial infection. If it is bacterial infection, the early blood routine examination will prompt the increase of white blood cells and neutrophils, which is the most important function of blood routine examination in clinical application. However, virus infection, mycoplasma infection or other pathogen infection can not be clearly distinguished only according to the blood routine report.

　　What situation needs to go to the hospital immediately?

　　With the prevalence of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, Director Tian Man said that 70% of the children in the outpatient clinic are still infected by virus, and the respiratory diseases caused by virus infection are self-limited diseases, so parents need not be too anxious. If the child has a fever, cough and runny nose, but his mental state is not bad, he can observe it at home for 2-3 days first.

　　However, if the fever does not go down for more than three days, or if the child suffers from listlessness and loss of appetite, especially after taking antipyretics, or if he suffers from shortness of breath, inspiratory depression, nasal wing agitation, cyanosis, and blood oxygen saturation below 95%, it is recommended to see a doctor immediately.

　　How to treat mycoplasma pneumoniae infection?

　　Mycoplasma pneumoniae has a special structure and no cell wall, so the familiar antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporin, which target the cell wall, are completely ineffective against it. At present, the first choice for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae is macrolide antibiotics, such as roxithromycin and azithromycin. If it doesn’t get better after three days of medication, it may be that Mycoplasma pneumoniae has developed drug resistance, and it is recommended to change the dressing under the guidance of a doctor.

　　Does the child "cough cough cough" need medication?

　　Infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae usually causes a severe cough. Because mycoplasma pneumoniae can damage the mucous membrane of our airway and the cilia on the airway, the secretion can’t be discharged smoothly. At this time, the patient will help the secretion to be discharged through coughing, so it will cause a severe cough. Cough may last for a long time, generally not more than 2 months, and the symptoms of cough will improve after the mucosa and cilia of the airway are restored.

　　Many parents want to give their children some cough medicine as soon as they hear their children "cough cough cough", for fear that they will cough into pneumonia if they cough for a long time. In fact, cough is a self-protection mechanism of the body, through which secretions can be excreted without causing pneumonia. On the contrary, many children with severe pneumonia don’t cough much, which eventually leads to sputum accumulation in the trachea and lungs, aggravating the condition.

　　If the child’s cough is too severe, which affects the rest of life, then cough medicine can be used under the guidance of a doctor. At present, children’s antitussive drugs are mainly divided into two categories. One category contains antitussive ingredients, and the ingredient is pholcodine or dextromethorphan, which can achieve the purpose of antitussive by directly inhibiting the activity of the cough center. It belongs to central antitussive drugs, and this drug can only be used for children over 6 years old. The other kind belongs to expectorant drugs, which act on sputum and make it dilute and then excrete it through coughing.

　　How to prevent mycoplasma pneumoniae infection?

　　Unfortunately, there is no vaccine to prevent mycoplasma pneumoniae infection at present, but as a respiratory disease, there are still many feasible measures to avoid infection as much as possible.

　　1. Wear a mask when going out and try to avoid going to places where people gather.

　　2. Pay attention to hand hygiene, wash your hands with running water after returning home, and take off your coat and put on your home clothes.

　　3, pay attention to indoor ventilation, ventilation for not less than 30 minutes at a time.

　　4, reasonable diet, moderate exercise, to ensure adequate sleep, improve their immunity.

(From left) Eguchi Yosuke, Tsui Nobuhiko and Ken Watanabe.

　　　 Movie network news(Compile/Ji Zhongpeng) Ken Watanabe’s new film Hayabusa: Returning from afar (directed by Tomoyuki Takimoto) will be released soon, and the blind pianist Nobuyi Nobuhiko has decided to be the composer of the whole film. So far, Tsui has composed theme songs for many films and Japanese dramas, but it is the first time to write music for the whole film. As the producer of the film, Sakamoto Shunshi was deeply moved by the impromptu piano performance in the snow in a TV program, and immediately sent an invitation to Dijing to create music for the film. For Tsui himself, the "vast universe" fascinated him, so he readily agreed with the feeling of "must challenge".

　　　 In June, Tsui was invited to visit the shooting scene. Ken Watanabe, the chief planner and starring, not only personally led Tsui to visit, but also got in close contact with the Hayabusa model. Regarding Watanabe’s impression, Tsui said: "Watanabe not only showed me around every corner of the shooting scene, but also took the model in his hand and patiently explained the model structure to me. Watanabe is really a good actor, and I was very moved by his meticulous work." Tsui’s words show his admiration for Ken Watanabe.

　　　 Regarding the requirements of music creation, Tomoyuki Takimoto, as the director, put forward that "I hope that the frustration and success of scientists can be completely expressed through music." Therefore, Tsui wrote the theme song based on the director’s request. When he heard the finished music, Watanabe said with excitement that "Tsui’s music has a passion and imagination beyond ordinary people, as if it came from a lonely universe ‘ Hayabusa ’ I think this is the staff in the heart of the exclusive well. " At present, Tsui, who is living in the United States, is expected to return to Japan at the end of November to record music with the film music creation team.
This film is a commemorative work for the 60th anniversary of the founding of Dongying Film Company. It tells the touching story that the Japanese asteroid probe Hayabusa miraculously returned to Earth in June 2010 after losing contact with the Earth for seven years. Besides Ken Watanabe, new and old stars such as Yoichi Jiangkou, Hidetaka Yoshioka, Yui Natsukawa, Ozawa Yukiyoshi, Renji Ishibashi and Tatsuya Fuji will all have wonderful performances.

　　　 The film Hayabusa: Returning from afar will be released in Japan on February 11th, 2012.

CCTV News:The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization, which was deliberated and adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, made a systematic arrangement for "building a unified national market", in which it specifically mentioned "actively promoting the initial economy". What is the starting economy? What did the starting economy bring? Why should we actively promote the starting economy? Come and see the reporter’s report.

"Queue for four hours, pack for ten minutes". Recently, a baking specialty store that retails new york bagels opened in Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street, which restored the American retro decoration style. There are more than 20 flavors of fresh bagels sold at the counter, and the people who came to punch in packed the store.

The person in charge told us that since the opening of the first store in China in Shanghai last April, the popularity of the store has been high. Now they have expanded to four stores in Shanghai, and two more stores in Beijing are under preparation.

Wang Baodan, the brand manager of new york Bago Museum, said: "From the first store we opened, there were a lot of customers, and then the average number of customers entering the store every day was 1000— 1,500 people, the highest daily turnover can reach 100,000 yuan. "

News link: What is the starting economy?

It is not difficult to see that one of the charms of the starting economy is its high popularity. Just like the baking brand in the film, after more than a year’s operation in the China market, the brand has developed smoothly and its popularity has not diminished. So, what is the starting economy? Compared with the first store economy, which people are familiar with before, the first-time economy has expanded in connotation and vision.

First-time economy refers to the economic activities of enterprises such as releasing new products, launching new formats, new models, new services, new technologies and opening the first store.

Li Mingtao, chief e-commerce expert of China International E-commerce Center, said: "The first-time economy originated from the first-store economy, which originally meant that some foreign brands opened their first stores in China. Generally speaking, we see that the first store has some typical characteristics of fashion, trendy and quality, and some areas where the first store economy gathers can also reflect the commercial vitality, innovation ability and fashion leading power of these areas. "

Starting economy ignites consumption heat and stimulates enterprise vitality.

Then, why is the first store and the first economy attractive? Besides consumers, what does it mean for enterprises to start the economy?

The new products naturally attract people’s curiosity, and they explore the store for a sense of freshness. As far as consumers are concerned, the starting economy has brought a brand-new shopping experience, which can fully satisfy consumers’ pursuit of new things and high-quality life; As far as enterprises are concerned, the starting economy has brought greater business opportunities and profit space, promoted intensified market competition and accelerated industrial upgrading, and stimulated consumption potential and vitality.

The "new force" of starting economy to help economic growth

A few days ago, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that it is necessary to implement the first-time economy, encourage enterprises to release new products, open the first store, launch the first show and exhibition, and continue to introduce new formats, new models, new services and new scenes to meet consumers’ demand for fashion, quality and trendy. Local policies and measures are also boosting the development of the first-round economy.

In March last year, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce issued a notice to give financial support to the first qualified stores, of which the first store in Asia was given a maximum of 5 million yuan. At the beginning of this year, Chongqing issued a policy to encourage the development of the "first store first" economy and focus on cultivating the "must buy and bring" brand. Shanghai has also launched "Several Measures on Further Promoting the High-quality Development of First-round Economy".

Liu Min, deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce, said: "Developing the starting economy is an important task in the construction of an international consumption center city. We want to further enrich the supply of the market through the development of the first-time economy, and constantly bring the latest achievements of industrial development to consumers through the terminal consumer market. "

According to the statistics of China Business Federation, as of 2023, 48 policies and measures on encouraging the development of the first store of commercial brands have been issued in various places.

Li Mingtao, the chief e-commerce expert of China International E-commerce Center, said: "The starting economy is actually driven and led by innovation, so for the industry, the starting economy is a facade, a representative and a centralized display of industrial innovation. Based on the success of the starting economy, it will lead to a series of elements in the industrial chain, such as investment, talents, data and technology, and increase investment around such a direction of the starting economy. "

Experts believe that as a new economic format to change the industrial structure and lead industrial innovation, the first-time economy will help promote industrial transformation and upgrading. It is not only a new form of economic growth, but also a new force to promote social and economic structural changes.

The starting economy promotes the global influence of China market.

With the development of the starting economy, its connotation has not only stopped at "the first store" and "the first new product", but also included "the ecological chain of the starting economy from the new product to the first store and then to the headquarters" and "influential international brands and leading local brands". It is understood that among the 204 national first stores opened in the first half of this year, overseas brand stores accounted for more than 30%. What do these "world’s first stores" bring to China when they land in China?

In the first store in Asia from a designer glasses brand in France, there was an endless stream of passengers. Fashionable and trendy design and rich product choices make this cutting-edge brand quickly favored by young consumers.

The person in charge told reporters that they are very optimistic about the market potential of China. Opening the first store in China will not only bring international fashion design to consumers, but also make full use of the advantages of China’s domestic supply chain to provide cost-effective choices.

According to statistics, among the 204 national first stores opened in the first half of this year, there are about 70 overseas brand stores, accounting for 34.31%. These "world’s first stores" landed in China, aiming at the China market with more than 1.4 billion people.

Sophie Kelaf, commercial director of a French restaurant, said: "I think this is an amazing market because it is very dynamic. We want to bring French culture to Shanghai and try to adapt to the China market. We have received very enthusiastic feedback and welcome from our customers. "

Experts believe that more and more international brands choose to open their first stores in China, reflecting their recognition of the China market and strong confidence in the development of China. In the process of actively promoting the initial economy, all localities are also paying attention to local conditions and activating the "flow code", which will help to further stimulate the consumption vitality of the domestic market and promote the consumption upgrading and internationalization of China.

Li Mingtao said: "This also reflects to a certain extent that China’s consumption has begun to lead the global consumption trend to a certain extent, so the importance of China’s consumer market in the world has also been continuously improved."

　　As the Dragon Boat Festival approaches, Chengnan Experimental Primary School in Hai ‘an City, Jiangsu Province has launched a series of activities called "Our Dragon Boat Festival". Volunteers come into the class to guide students to understand the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival, learn to make zongzi and inherit Chinese traditional culture. Photo by Zhai Huiyong (Image China)

　　Zongzi is fragrant during the Dragon Boat Festival. How much do you know about zongzi?

　　Zongzi was called "Jiaoshu" in ancient times.

　　According to legend, in ancient times, our ancestors used plant leaves to wrap food raw materials and cooked them by "stone cooking", which is the embryonic form of zongzi. Later, people used plant leaves to wrap millet into horns instead of yellow cattle as sacrifices, and the earliest zongzi "horn millet" came into being. After a long evolution, Zongzi has become an important part of China’s traditional food culture.

　　Why are zongzi often quadrangular?

　　From the technical point of view, the four corners are wrapped to add more stuffing and the appearance is fuller. When wrapping, leave a gap in one corner, which can leave room for the expansion of glutinous rice. Later, because of its unique and beautiful appearance, the four-corner dumplings gradually emerged.

　　Why do you use glutinous rice for dumplings?

　　First of all, glutinous rice is rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins B1 and B2, and has high nutritional value. Secondly, glutinous rice is sticky and soft, which can be well wrapped and not easily deformed.

　　How to cook zongzi?

　　Modern people generally use pressure cookers to cook zongzi, which can be cooked for about 1 hour. The traditional method of cooking zongzi is complicated. Take Jiaxing Zongzi as an example. After the water in the iron pot is boiled, put the Zongzi into the pot, soak it in water, first use high fire, then boil it with low fire for two hours, and finally turn off the fire for one hour. Water should be collected from Jiaxing ancient canal, stored in vat and precipitated with alum for later use. Mulberry wood should be used for firewood to ensure proper temperature.

　　What are the types of zongzi?

　　Zongzi in different places has its own characteristics. For example, in Beijing, zongzi is a large, oblique quadrangle or triangle, mostly filled with red dates and red bean paste, and a few with preserved fruit; Guangdong Zongzi is a representative variety in South China, which is small in size and unique in appearance, and salted meat Zongzi is the most common. There are also bamboo tube dumplings in Yunnan minority areas; Jiaxing Zongzi is the representative of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai.

　　Where is the "new" new type of zongzi?

　　"New" mainly refers to the change of stuffing and technology. Modern zongzi stuffing has expanded from traditional ingredients to mushroom, chocolate, fruit and nuts. Technologically, "Zongzi-like" products like Crystal Zongzi appeared. In the future, healthy, light food and high-value dumplings will be more and more popular among young people.

　　(Interview organized by Xu Wei, deputy general manager of Zhejiang Wufangzhai Industrial Co., Ltd.)

The Golden Goblet Awards main competition unit of the 23rd Shanghai International Film Festival has been the focus of attention of film industry and professional fans for many years, and both overseas new films and domestic new films have their own highlights. Due to the epidemic situation, this year’s main competition in Golden Goblet Awards will not be awarded, but only the officially selected films will be announced, which are from Asia, Europe and South America, including:

Young director Li Xiaofeng teamed up with popular actor Zhang Yu to uncover the truth about the murder fifteen years ago, Italian stream-of-consciousness film Feel Your Memory, the latest masterpiece of Japanese genius director Hideyoshi Okuda, and Hai Lianna: Canvas Life based on the real experience of Hai Lianna Kallback, a famous Finnish modernist painter. The Island of Lies, based on the shipwreck of Salvola Island in 1921, The Reunions, an experimental new work directed by comedian Dapeng, The Legend of Mietek Kosz, based on the true story of Polish blind jazz genius Mitka Koza, who was only 29 years old, The Blind Man, which depicts the family relationship between a blind Argentine father and his son, and The Group of Horses, where a Greek couple wanted to live a high life and had a scary event, I’m Here, which shows the general strike against the background of Iran’s current affairs news, a family spiritual healing book from Indonesia, One day we will talk about today, and See you again in Nara, where Pengfei joined hands with Yingze to bring Sino-Japanese friendship.

The following are their respective details:

Calm (Back to the Wharf, 2020, China)

Aspect: The truth about the murder that has been hidden for fifteen years.

Song Hao, an 18-year-old senior 3 student, accidentally killed someone and then went to a foreign land. Fifteen years later, he returned to his hometown to attend his funeral, only to find out the truth unexpectedly. The third feature film directed by Li Xiaofeng, a young director, puts into the framework of black crime films some thoughts on the old and new changes under the rapid development of China society. The film has a strong cast. Zhang Yu, who won the Best Supporting Actor Award at the Asian Film Awards in 2019 with Dying to Survive, plays Song Hao as an adult in the film. His opposite play with Song Jia, the best actress of the Golden Rooster Award, is full of warmth and sensibility, with a touch of comedy, while Yanhui Wang, the supporting actor of the gold medal, and Hong Chi Lee, a popular star with friendly guest appearances, have breakthrough performances.

Feel Your Memories (Feel Your Memories, 2019, Italy)

Aspect: ID, ego and superego collide.

Alice, who has reached the age of 30, returned to her hometown to attend her father’s funeral, and the emerging childhood memories brought her into danger. Italian female directors Cristina Comencini collaborated with Giovanna Mesozoono, the best actress in Venice Film Festival, after being nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film Award in 2006, and brought her latest works written and directed by herself. This film is mainly shot in the real scene of Posillipo residential area in Naples, Christina’s birthplace. It uses psychoanalysis to sneak into the maze of human memory, skillfully juxtaposes the protagonists of middle age, youth and children in the same time and space, rebuilds memories with nonlinear narrative structure, uncovers the spiritual trauma buried by time, and defends the dignity of gender equality under the overlapping of horror and romance.

Children don’t want to understand (One Summer Story, 2020, Japan)

Aspect: The "Summer Battle" of Tong Yan Nan Shen

Sh?ichi Okita, a talented director who has directed highly distracted works such as "The Interface of Crossing the Road" and "Where there is a Bear Valley", is unique in the Japanese film industry with his extraordinary and unparalleled sense of humor, and almost never fails. This film is no exception. The film is adapted from the original work of the same name by the well-known female cartoonist Tadao Archipelago, and describes a wonderful experience of Minami, a sophomore girl in the swimming department, and a boy in the calligraphy department who has a good impression on each other in the summer vacation to find their biological father. Under the wonderful hand of Hideyoshi Okuda, they are constantly laughing and moving. Etsushi Toyokawa, an old opera player, made a wonderful off-line performance in the film, and Chiba Yudai, the goddess of children’s beauty, who is known as the first lovely Japanese, even surprised the audience with her charming dress.

Hai Lianna: Life on Canvas (Helene, 2020, Finland)

Aspect: Portrait of Bathing Fire of Female Artists

Adapted from Laker Lehu’s novel of the same name, it is based on the true story of Hai Lianna Kallback, a famous Finnish modernist painter, and tells the anecdote that Hai Lianna met her soul mate who was 19 years younger than her in 1915. Finnish director Antti Jokinen, who won the Golden Jubilee Award for Best Director at the Shanghai International Film Festival in 2016 for "Flowers of Evil", wrote and directed his latest masterpiece, which took five years to prepare and cost $2.5 million. Starting from the turning point of Hai Lianna’s life, the double-line structure of light and shade strongly contrasted her changes in affection and friendship, and the artistic creation changes driven by Hai Lianna’s emotions were revealed by the oil-painting light and shadow tones. In order to play the role of Hai Lianna, Finnish movie star laura birn spent half a year studying painting, which perfectly interpreted a great artist who was introverted.

The Island of Lies (Spain, 2020)

Aspect: submerged secrets and lies

Based on the real historical disaster, this paper tells the story that an immigrant ship sank on the rocks in Salvola Island in Galicia province in 1921, and three women saved many lives. However, with the intervention of journalists, rumors around them followed. Female directors Paula Constance, who has been involved in the field of TV and documentary for a long time, wrote and directed her first feature film. With a large number of historical and anthropological books as the knowledge background, combined with the meteorological and marine conditions, with the help of local people, she shot the scene in the accident place. This film cuts to the chase from the perspective of three women, creates a sense of horror and suffocation with dark tones, explores women’s desire for love and independence between repression and resistance, and clears away the clouds of secrets and lies, giving hit the floor a torture on the historical truth.

Good luck (The Reunions, 2020, China)

Aspect: it is difficult to tell the truth from the falsehood, and Dapeng loves to cheat.

The latest work of comedy star Dapeng, the film is divided into two parts. The first part is Auspicious, which was directed by him and won the Best Short Film Award in 2018. It tells the story of Wang Lili going home for the New Year and facing family conflicts. The second part is the disassembly of Auspicious, presenting the filming behind the scenes to the audience. The film is a mixture of mockumentary, documentaries, feature films, etc. The first part and the second part seem to be mutually causal, but in fact it is difficult to tell the truth from the truth. With excellent scene scheduling ability and seamless mix and match between non-professional actors and professional actors, Dapeng has created an experimental work full of personal homesickness and various misreading traps.

Blind pianist (Icarus, The Legend of Mietek Kosz, Poland, 2019)

Aspect: musicians in the dark

According to the true story of Mitka Koza, a Polish blind jazz genius who died at the age of 29, it tells the short and gorgeous life of Mitka who was obsessed with piano. This film sets joy against sorrow, interweaves childhood memories through nonlinear narration, uses the first perspective to enter the inner activities of the characters, skillfully uses synaesthesia, dives into the auditory imagination of the blind by relying on fast montage, and shows the majestic charm of music as a world language in many wonderful piano fights. Maciej Pieprzyca, a famous Polish filmmaker who won the Golden Jubilee Award for Best Director at the 20th Shanghai International Film Festival, joined hands with David Ognik, the best actor at Seattle International Film Festival, to present the beautiful jazz dream of outstanding musicians.

Blind people (Ciegos, 2019, Argentina)

Aspect: Life is like a string, only love eternity.

The blind father took his 13-year-old son back to the town where he lived as a child and visited the mourning hall of his mother who had just died. Director Fernando Zubo’s first feature film, which was written and directed by himself, was inspired by his personal experience of being a father for the first time eleven years ago. With the theme of "return", he used naturalistic close-ups to capture the fragile and sensitive psychological activities of the father and son, and explored the unknown side of the stalwart father from the perspective of his son. Through two clues of adolescent growth and parents’ childbearing, this paper expounds the soul of complete fatherly love under the incomplete body, and probes into the importance of love and tolerance in the process of life growth. Marcelo Sobioto, an Argentine actor, was specially trained for the blind and vividly performed the image of a blind father who was physically disabled and determined.

All the Pretty Little Horses (2020, Greece)

Aspect: the phoenix dream of holding a mud swallow

The husband is the temporary administrator of the villa in the rich area, and his wife and children occasionally sneak in. The family of three fantasized about living a high life, but it was broken by the arrival of the owner. The second feature film by the Greek director Michaelis Constantinatos was inspired by his experiences. With the help of social observation and research, he focused on the dual life of an ordinary couple "in heaven" and "on earth" by holding a camera. Focusing on horror, this film quietly reveals the reason and animality, dreams and disillusionment between husband and wife in the face of material, spiritual and sensual desires. Greek actress Euta Aguiloplo and director Michaelis cooperated again after their debut, and performed a wife who was obsessed with luxury life and longed to get rid of the ordinary.

I am here (I am here! , 2020, Iran)

Aspect: the struggle on the edge of fate

My brother died strangely in the shipyard strike. My brother took care of his mother and sister-in-law while working hard in the factory. Abbas Amigny, an Iranian director who has long been concerned about social workers, wrote and directed his latest work. Based on the social background of the current strike in Iran, he focused on depicting the hesitation and anxiety of small people in the historical torrent by holding a long lens, and deeply explored the hardships of Iranian workers’ lives by contrasting group images with empty lenses. The film takes "cow" as a metaphor, and the life and death field related to individuals is highlighted under the bright yellow tone. Afshin Hashmi, who won the Best Supporting Actor Award at the Iranian Dawn International Film Festival, plays the leading role and plays a worker struggling on the edge of fate.

One Day We’ll Talk About Today (2020, Indonesia).

Aspect: Family Spiritual Healing Collection

Adapted from the best-selling novel of the same name by Indonesian novelist Marcela ·F·P, it tells the story that a family of five with a bright surface has undergone earth-shaking changes due to the intrusion of a stranger. The latest masterpiece of Indonesian talented young director Unga Dewemas Sasonge, who has been away from the film industry for two years, takes the family as the core of the story, creates suspense by using fragmented memories, excavates family secrets that have been hidden for many years through nonlinear narration, and the three clues of light and dark are complex and overlapping, directly hitting the pain of life with a minimalist wind, discussing personal growth and setting off the most painful love agitation. Rachel Amanda, an amphibious artist from Indonesia, joined hands with the Asian Film Award and Tony Damara, the best actor in Indonesia Film Festival, to perform the deep affection between father and daughter.

See also Nara (TRACING HER SHADOW, 2020, China/Japan).

Aspect: See Nara beauty all the way.

Young director Pengfei’s new work, which is hand in hand with the leading actor Yingze again after The Taste of Rice Flowers, tells the story of an old woman, Chen Huiming, who is nearly 80 years old, who went to Nara to find the adopted Japanese orphans after the war while her granddaughter Ozawa was studying in Japan. With the soothing and fresh rhythm of the road film, the film combines the friendly and beautiful local customs of Nara with the story of finding relatives, creating a refreshing Sino-Japanese relationship. The 82-year-old Yanshu Wu and the 65-year-old famous Japanese movie star Jun Kunimura are the most moving driving force of the film story. Pengfei designed a lot of small details for them in the film, which made the audience feel the affinity of the two performing artists.

Note: In case of any change of film items, the actual film arrangement shall prevail.

The proliferation of online rumors needs to be regulated, but before regulation, it is necessary for us to clarify the meaning of online rumors, which will help us to clarify individual crimes and more clearly divide and improve the accusation system. In the era of information network, network rumors contain false information, but they cannot be equated with false information; The spread of rumors can be used as a means of slander, but it cannot be equated with the crime of libel itself.

The phenomenon of rampant network rumors has aroused widespread concern and discussion in the judicial and academic circles. Strengthening the control of online speech and perfecting relevant legislation have become the hot spots at present. In the construction and induction of many accusation systems, many people regard the involvement of information network in traditional accusations as network rumor-making behavior. For example, when discussing and studying the accusation system of network rumor regulation, online libel, insult and other behaviors are also included, and some people directly equate the crime of fabricating and spreading false information with the crime of network rumor. This will lead to the trend that the network rumor accusation system will evolve into a new type of "pocket crime" under the current situation that information network has become an inseparable part of citizens’ lives. In fact, the concept of "rumor" itself is not really unified in the domestic context, and even "network rumor" can only summarize some characteristics. Therefore, clarifying its concept in the legal sense plays a very important role in clarifying the system of charges.

The understanding of "rumors" abroad is relatively unified, that is, rumors are essentially information with "doubtful facts". In Webster’s English Dictionary, "rumor" is defined as a kind of gossip, rumor or public opinion that lacks real basis or is unconfirmed, and it is difficult for the public to distinguish authenticity for a while. Foreign scholars believe that rumors are unsubstantiated and unconfirmed information, that is, "the facts are in doubt". As far as the current research situation of sociology and communication in China is concerned, there are roughly three views on the definition of online rumors:

First, the media said. That is to say, it is believed that online rumors are rumors spread on the Internet. Using "rumor" to explain "network rumor" is only that the information network has intervened in the spread mode of rumors, and the expression form has changed, and there is no essential difference. For example, "a rumor is defined as news that has no factual basis. Internet rumors, as the name implies, are rumors generated or spread through the computer internet. "

Second, the theory of law and politics. Taking the field of political research as the breakthrough point, researchers of related majors explain the "rumors". Explaining "network rumors" from the professional perspective of law and politics enriches the concept of rumors. This kind of identification does not emphasize the essential difference between rumors and online rumors, but endows rumors and online rumors with characteristics in the professional field, which has certain reference function in the professional field.

Third, comprehensively. This explanation method focuses on "network" and "rumor" at the same time, which can make the concept more comprehensive and complete, not only emphasizes the influence of information network media on rumors, but also affirms the essence of rumors as a social phenomenon.

It is generally believed that "network rumors" are just as false network information as a scourge. We seem to think that "rumor" itself is derogatory and holds a negative attitude, but we often ignore the other side of rumors: although some online rumors were questioned at the beginning, the facts and results that happened later confirmed that online rumors were not false, but indeed true. Then, in the conventional view, most of them ignore the authenticity components contained in the information conveyed by online rumors, and the final verification results of online rumors are often ignored. Then, we can’t simply define network rumors as false network information, because the authenticity of network rumors is uncertain in the final state: it may be true or false. Based on the above definitions of rumors, this paper holds that the so-called "network rumors" are unconfirmed statements or interpretations of things, events or problems that are of interest to the public spread by information network media. In view of the fact that some "rumors" that are finally proved to be true have not caused serious harm in practice, and they have no serious social harm in essence, which is essentially different from false information.

Article 105 of the Criminal Law also recognizes that "spreading rumors" and "slandering" may both be crimes of subversion of state power and incitement to subversion of state power. Article 246 of the Criminal Law defines the crimes of "insult" and "libel". "Whoever publicly insults others by violence or other means or fabricates facts to slander others, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights. The crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be dealt with only if they are told, except those that seriously endanger social order and national interests. "

In Article 105 of the Criminal Law, the juxtaposition of "rumor" and "slander" shows that they are similar in behavior and can be converted to each other under certain circumstances. But "spreading rumors" and "slandering" can be clearly distinguished:

First of all, from the perspective of criminal objects, the objects infringed by network rumors are social management order and national security. The object of libel is the personal dignity and reputation of others.

Secondly, from the point of view of the criminal object, the object of network rumor is the country and society, but the criminal object of libel is the natural person.

Finally, from the procedural point of view, public prosecution is generally applicable to online rumors, while private prosecution is applicable to libel crimes, and public prosecution is applicable in specific circumstances.

Network rumors and network slander may also be transformed into each other. When the object of slander is the state power and socialist system, "slander" can be transformed into "rumor". At the same time, when fabricating facts on the information network to slander others and seriously endangering the social management order and national security, slander is applicable to public prosecution. At this time, online slander is equivalent to online rumor to a certain extent. Therefore, the condition for equating "libel" with "spreading rumors" is that when libel seriously endangers social management order and national security. The crime of libel targets at the personal dignity and reputation of natural persons. If libel infringes on a natural person who can represent the national image, or infringes on the reputation of a natural person, it actually infringes on the state power, socialist system or affects social order and national interests, libel is equivalent to spreading rumors. (He Xinglin, Central South University Law School)

　　　　　　　　When everyone is advocating the full screen, some people still like the traditional screen, exquisite appearance and perfect feel. In the price range of 2,000 yuan, there are two models, and these two phones can meet the needs of many people in terms of performance and appearance. Today, let’s compare these two mobile phones and see which one is more suitable for you.

Small contrast glory 9

　　　　　　　　The small 4+64GB version costs 2299 yuan, the 6+64GB version costs 2499 yuan, and the 6+128GB version costs 2699 yuan; Glory 9 full netcom 4+64GB version 2299 yuan, 6+64GB version 2699 yuan, 6GB+128GB version snapping price 2799 yuan. As you can see, the price difference between these two mobile phones is not more than that of 200 yuan. In today’s non-full screen market, if you want to choose such a moderately priced flagship machine, you really have to look at these two.

Appearance: the overall design is similar, look for differences.

　　　　　　　　Let’s take a look at the appearance of these two mobile phones. Xiaomi 6 and Glory 9 also adopt a more rounded design, and their screen ratios are similar. All adopt frontal fingerprint recognition.

Comparison between the foreheads of Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6

　　　　　　　　Both mobile phones put the front camera on the left side of the handset. The opening of the handset of Glory 9 is longer than that of Xiaomi 6. Because Xiaomi 6 uses the black treatment of the front panel, many sensors are covered, and the forehead length of the two mobile phones is similar.

Comparison of Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6Home Keys

　　　　　　　　Both phones have an unpressurized Home button, and there are hidden back buttons and multitasking buttons on both sides. The Home button of Glory 9 is more slender than that of Xiaomi 6. From the feel of both, the Home button of Xiaomi 6 is deeper and the Home button of Glory 9 is shallower.

Comparison of Right Keys between Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6

　　　　　　　　Judging from the right buttons of the two mobile phones, the design is very similar, both of which are volume addition and subtraction and power button. The author measured that the buttons of Glory 9 are tougher and the feedback is clearer, while the buttons of Xiaomi 6 are softer and shorter. In terms of antenna design, the antenna of Xiaomi 6 is lower, but the antennas of the two mobile phones are adapted to the color of the fuselage accordingly.

Comparison of left design between glory 9 and Xiaomi 6

　　　　　　　　The left sides of the two mobile phones are similar in design, both of which are dual SIM card slots. The slight difference is that Xiaomi’s card slot jack is on the mobile phone, while Glory 9 jack is on the card slot. In addition, there are no other designs on the left side of these two phones.

Top comparison between glory 9 and Xiaomi 6

　　　　　　　　The top designs of these two mobile phones are also very similar, both of which are an infrared module and a noise-reducing microphone, and there are no other openings.

Comparison between the bottom of glory 9 and Xiaomi 6 fuselage

　　　　　　　　Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6 both use USB Type-C interface. Glory 9 retains 3.5mm headphone jack, while Xiaomi 6 directly cancels headphone jack, which makes Glory 9 more conscientious.

Comparison of details on the back of glory 9 and Xiaomi 6 fuselage

　　　　　　　　Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6 both adopt rear dual camera, but the schemes adopted by them are different. Glory 9 adopts color+black and white scheme, while Xiaomi 6 adopts wide angle+telephoto scheme. From the appearance, Glory 9 has a better look and feel, because it hides the camera under the glass of the whole back plate, while Xiaomi 6 has two holes in the glass back cover, so you can touch the sense of separation between the camera and the glass back plate by hand.

　　　　　　　　In a word, the two mobile phones seem to have little difference in appearance, the same curved glass design and the same 5.11080P screen, but the experience of getting started is slightly different. You can feel that Xiaomi 6 is slightly heavy, and you can see from the weight parameters that Xiaomi 6 weighs 168g, while Glory 9 is 155g.

Performance: It is the flagship level of all platforms.

　　　　　　　　Equipped with Qualcomm Xiaolong 835 mobile platform,Xiaolong 835 is the industry’s first mobile platform using commercial 10nm process technology and independent Kryo architecture. The 10nm process can reduce chip area by 35% and power consumption by 25% compared with the previous generation. The independent Kryo 280 architecture in Xiaolong 835, with Adreno 540 as GPU, has improved performance by 25%, display color by 60 times and efficiency by 40% compared with the previous generation.

Xiaolong 835 mobile platform

　　　　　　　　While the Kirin 960 processor is adopted.Kirin 960 is the top chip launched by hisilicon last October. Kirin 960 is equipped with ARM Cortex-A73 CPU core for the first time, and the small core is A53, which constitutes a big.LITTLE combination of four big and four small, and the GPU is Mali G71 MP8. Compared with the previous generation, the CPU energy efficiency is improved by 15%. Although Kirin 970 has been released, Kirin 960 is still very eye-catching in performance.

Kirin 960 processor

　　　　　　　　Let’s take a look at the running scores of the two models.

Geekbench 4 running points

6.3.3 Running points

　　　　　　　　From the running score, the two processors have their own advantages and disadvantages. It can be said that the performance of these two mobile phones is the level of the first echelon in the mobile phone market today. There is no pressure to deal with daily tasks, even running large games. Let’s take a look at the endurance of these two mobile phones.

Endurance: Xiaomi charges quickly, glory lasts long.

　　　　　　　　It is equipped with a 3200mAh battery and a 9V/2A charger, while a 3350mAh battery is used.Support Quick Charge 4.0 fast charging technology.

　　　　　　　　We conducted a 30-minute charging test and a 5-hour battery life test on these two models, respectively, to simulate the daily use of mobile phones by ordinary users.

* The test process is divided into eight items, namely photo test (30 minutes), test (60 minutes), social test (30 minutes), instant messaging (30 minutes), web browsing (30 minutes), game test (60 minutes), online music (30 minutes) and e-book (30 minutes). During the test, the mobile phone turned on WiFi all the time, the screen brightness was set to 270cd/m2, and the external playback volume was moderate. The default effect mode of the system was used, and the background was cleaned after each item was tested. The power of the mobile phone was 100% before the test, and the card was not inserted during the test.

30-minute charging test

5-hour endurance test

　　　　　　　　It can be seen that the small charging speed is very fast, and it can charge 50% of the electricity in half an hour, while glory only charges 36% of the electricity in 9 and a half hours. In the 5-hour battery life test session, Glory 9 has 34% of the remaining power and Xiaomi 6 has 40% of the remaining power. From the power consumption curve, Xiaomi 6′ s power consumption control ability is still poor in large-scale game sessions, even though Xiaomi 6 is equipped with a battery with a larger capacity, it is still slightly weaker than Glory 9 in terms of battery life.

System: each has its own characteristics and functions are comprehensive.

　　　　　　　　In terms of system, the author has this MIUI 8.2 that came with him when he left the factory. Now he can update MIUI 9. From the experience, MIUI has strong functionality, almost all commonly used functions, but it is inevitable that some advertisements appear.

　　　　　　　　However, MIUI 8.2 is still slightly bloated, and this problem has also been slightly improved in MIUI 9, and the problem of advertising has also been greatly reduced.

　　　　　　　　Equipped with EMUI 5.1 system,As Huawei’s traditional UI, EMUI5.1 has implanted artificial intelligence into its smart personality. Self-learning system based on artificial intelligence, fine resource scheduling combining soft and hard and in-depth optimization of Android system components bring a good experience. The intelligence of EMUI5.1 lies in the use of intelligent touch position prediction algorithm to predict the user’s sliding trajectory and refresh the interface display in advance, which improves the response speed of touch operation by 10%.

　　　　　　　　Every time I talk about the EMUI system, the author willI can’t help but want to talk about EMUI’s intelligent assistant system. You can intercept the full-screen or circled part by tapping the screen hard with your knuckles or drawing circles after tapping, showing black technology. In general, EMUI5.1 is very concise and flexible, and it is also handy to use.

Screen: the brightness is dominant but the color temperature is cold.

　　　　　　　　Small and use 5.1 1080P screens.We choose to test in a completely black closed environment. The screen with DisplayTester Pro installed in it has the highest brightness adjustment, and the screen automatically sleeps when it is turned off. The L value of the white screen and the X, Y and L values of the three primary colors of red, green and blue are tested by Topcon BM7A brightness colorimeter respectively, and each value is tested three times, and the average value is taken. The results are automatically calculated by filling the above values into the table respectively.

Measured screen quality of Xiaomi 6

Glory 9 screen quality measurement

　　　　　　　　It can be seen that Xiaomi 6 has an advantage in screen brightness, reaching 585nits, but it is cold in screen color temperature. According to the screen color temperature of 6500K that Asians are most suitable for, Glory 9 is more suitable for our eyes, while in terms of color gamut, Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6 have similar performances, both of which are wide color gamut screens.

Photographing: the blurring ability is stronger.

　　　　　　　　Glory 9 and both adopt dual cameras. Glory 9 is a 12-megapixel color+20-megapixel black-and-white solution, and the small one is a 12-megapixel wide-angle+telephoto solution. Let’s take a look at the real proofs of these two models.

Comparison of real shot proofs

　　　　　　　　Judging from these groups of proofs, the overall brightness of Xiaomi 6′ s proofs is higher, but the noise control is slightly worse than that of Glory 9. In the macro proof of the last one, Glory 9 uses a color+black and white scheme, but the background blur ability is better, which is worthy of praise.

　　　　　　　　Generally speaking, Xiaomi 6 and Glory 9 are both good choices at the price of 2,000 yuan. Although neither of these two mobile phones is equipped with a very popular full-screen recently, the design of the same curved body brings a good feel and exquisite appearance. If you have requirements on charging speed, then you can choose Xiaomi 6. If you care about more exquisite appearance, lighter feel, better battery life and stronger camera ability, then Glory 9 is your best choice.

AMD today announced the launch of Radeon HD 7000M series graphics chips. Radeon HD 7000M series graphics chips released in the first batch adopt TSMC 40nm manufacturing process and VLIW5 TeraScale2 architecture.

Although it was previously rumored that AMD would release a 28nm 7000M graphics chip. However, AMD launched today is indeed a product with the same architecture as AMD’s 40 nm 6000 m graphics chip.

AMD’s Radeon HD 7000M series graphics chips launched today include 7400M, 7500M and 7600M series, and AMD seems to leave the 7700M, 7800M and 7900M series to the real 28nm GCN South Island architecture.

7400M, 7500M and 7600M are all produced by TSMC’s 40nm process. The number of stream processors is 160, 480 and 480, respectively. The memory types are DDR3/GDDR5, and the memory bit widths are 64-bit, 64-bit and 128-bit, respectively. With wide-domain technology, 7400M and 7500M can support up to four display devices. 7400M, 7500M and 7600M are aimed at the low-end market of value, mainstream and performance respectively.

The 7400M, 7500M and 7600M all support the interface standards of DisplayPort 1.2 and HDMI 1.4a, and support AMD HD3D and Blu-ray 3D.

Compared with the 6000M products, the 7400M, 7500M and 7600M released today have built-in UVD3 third-generation unified video decoder, which can accelerate the decoding of DivX and XviD videos by hardware.

Ogi Brkic, product manager of AMD, said that the Radeon HD 7000M series adopts a more compact and smaller package, so it can be packed into a thinner laptop.

　　Jiangsu takes a global view to expand agricultural development, fully develops an open economy, seizes the opportunity of "Belt and Road" construction, and adheres to the combination of "going out" and "bringing in" to build a new pattern of open agricultural development.

　　In order to speed up the development and improve the quality of open agriculture, Jiangsu supports the orderly expansion of existing export enterprises, and strives to cultivate a number of leading enterprises in the import and export of agricultural products to support the development of open agriculture.

　　Jiangsu is a province with small per capita resources, but also a province with large processing, trade and consumption of agricultural products. It is urgent to expand new space for agricultural development through open cooperation. In recent years, Jiangsu has given full play to the location advantages of an open economy, seized the opportunity of "One Belt, One Road" construction, adhered to the combination of "going out" and "bringing in", made overall use of two international and domestic markets, two resources and two types of rules, vigorously promoted the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, accelerated the construction of a new pattern of open agricultural development, and expanded agricultural development with a global view, and frequently played "open cards".

　　Last year, the total import and export volume of agricultural products in Jiangsu reached 19.66 billion US dollars, of which the export volume exceeded 4 billion US dollars for the first time.

　　Cultivate new advantages of open agriculture

　　Recently, into the production workshop of Jiangsu Xingye Food Co., Ltd., 12 FD vacuum freeze-drying production lines and 46 AD production ovens are running intensively. The freeze-dried food production workshop covering an area of 20,000 square meters is the largest in Jiangsu. "In order to do a good job in quality control and brand cultivation, we have specially established a raw material planting base of more than 10,000 mu and passed a number of international and domestic quality certifications." Zhang Hongxiao, general manager of Jiangsu Xingye Food Co., Ltd. said that the export volume of dehydrated vegetables of enterprises has remained the first in Jiangsu for many years. From January to May this year, it exported 13 million US dollars, and it is estimated that the annual export will reach more than 25 million US dollars, with an increase of more than 34%.

　　"Every two packages of instant noodles have a package of vegetables made in Xinghua." Xinghua city, where Jiangsu Xingye Food Co., Ltd. is located, is the largest production, processing and export base of dehydrated vegetables and the distribution center of finished products in China and even in Asia. Li Weiguo, secretary of Xinghua Municipal Party Committee, said that the city’s dehydrated vegetables, a pillar industry, exported 120 million US dollars last year, accounting for more than 40% of the national and provincial dehydrated vegetables exports.

　　"The products of Xinghua dehydrated vegetable industry have developed from a single traditional AD (dried food) product to a series of FD (freeze-dried food) and IQF (quick-frozen food) products. From ingredients to end products, from food accessories to health care products, the types of export products have expanded from the past three varieties of shallots, cabbages and carrots to more than 10 kinds of green peppers, potatoes, sweet potatoes and tomatoes." Li Weiguo said that in recent years, xinghua city has taken the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure as one of the main graspers, focused on attracting talents and attracting investment, and promoted the transformation and upgrading of enterprises. In the next step, xinghua city will make great efforts to promote the health food industry to climb in the direction of intensive processing, terminal food and brand food, and transform from simple product production to design, research and development, brand and service.

　　In Jiangsu, despite the rapid development of open agriculture, there are still some problems, such as relatively small total international trade of agricultural products, high land labor costs and obvious restrictions on resource shortage. Therefore, Yang Shiyun, director of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that Jiangsu will make great efforts to adjust the "three structures" and cultivate new advantages of open agriculture. Optimize the export industrial structure, and consolidate and upgrade the characteristic industries around the four export pillar industries; Optimize the structure of high-end products, develop characteristic agricultural products and deeply processed agricultural products, and increase the added value of export agricultural products; Optimize the diversified market structure, seize the opportunity of the "Belt and Road" and jointly develop multi-level agricultural cooperation with relevant countries.

　　Using the platform skillfully to expand new achievements

　　At the 20th Jiangsu Agricultural International Cooperation Fair held in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Guanyun Huanong Development Company set its sights on the countries related to the Belt and Road Initiative for the first time. Fu Lei, general manager of the company, told the reporter that the Lianyungang Comprehensive Bonded Zone was successfully approved, and the completion of a number of bases and ports, such as the Sino-Kazakhstan (Lianyungang) logistics cooperation base, the first physical project of the "Belt and Road", has built a broad platform for local enterprises to "go global", hoping to push the company’s edible roses abroad and to the "Belt and Road" national market.

　　In the process of seizing the opportunity of "One Belt, One Road" construction, Lianyungang actively guides enterprises with comparative advantages to make full use of two resources and two markets, encourages enterprises to invest in foreign countries to build bases and run enterprises, and the agricultural "going out" team continues to grow.

　　Peng Renyong, general manager of Lianyungang Yinfeng Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd. told the reporter that the enterprise is building a mushroom industrial park in Belarus, and it is expected to produce 900 tons of mushrooms this year. In addition, Jiangsu Yashi Fresh-keeping Products Co., Ltd. built a production and processing base of high-quality agricultural products in Cape Town, Guanyun Samsung Food built a deep processing base of lobster in Egypt, and Lianyungang Guo Xin Company’s edible fungus production equipment was exported to many countries and regions.

　　If we want to "go out", we should also "bring in". Suzhou Jinliqi Organic Agriculture Co., Ltd., which is jointly invested by longrich Group and Israeli Aurec Company, is the first to introduce micro-leaf vegetable planting technology in China, and adopt hydroponic soilless planting technology to grow green vegetables and fruits. The annual sales of flour and other products of Yihai Kerry (Kunshan) Food Industry Co., Ltd. invested by Singapore Fengyi International Co., Ltd. reached 2.8 billion yuan, driving more than 5,000 households.

　　Platform and carrier are not only the main position of open agriculture, but also the important starting point for agricultural transformation and upgrading driven by open agricultural radiation. At present, there are more than 150 national and provincial open agricultural carriers in Jiangsu, including 131 demonstration bases (districts) for exporting agricultural products, 14 agricultural cooperation parks between Jiangsu and Taiwan, 2 experimental zones for agricultural opening-up cooperation, 3 overseas agricultural cooperation demonstration zones, and 1 scientific and technological support and talent training base for agricultural cooperation with foreign countries.

　　Held 20 consecutive provincial "Agricultural Fair" and successfully co-organized the BRICS Agriculture Ministers’ Meeting, China — Major events such as the Ministerial Conference on Agricultural Innovation Cooperation in Israel have promoted a number of major agricultural foreign-funded industrial projects with large investment scale, strong driving force and excellent development quality and efficiency to land in Jiangsu.

　　At present, there are 110 agricultural "going out" projects registered and put on record in Jiangsu Province, with an agreed investment of US$ 1.49 billion. Compared with three years ago, both the number of projects and the agreed investment of China have increased by more than 80%. Enterprises from more than 80 countries and regions have invested in Jiangsu agriculture, and 6,624 foreign-invested agricultural projects have been approved, with the actual use of foreign capital of 21 billion US dollars.

　　Grasp the point and take the area to build a new pattern

　　Not long ago, Jiangsu Province allocated special funds for the development of modern agriculture to cities (counties). The funds were allocated in the form of "big projects+task list" management, which was mainly used to support the transformation and upgrading of open agricultural enterprises, the construction of platform carriers such as agricultural product export demonstration bases (districts), the export of advantageous agricultural products, and the "going out" of agriculture. It was not only clearly listed, but also clearly pointed out that all localities, especially key counties of open agriculture, should improve and perfect the open agriculture-related projects.

　　It is understood that special fund policy support is only one of the key points for Jiangsu to support the development of open agriculture. In the future, we will focus on supporting agricultural enterprises and gathering agricultural talents.

　　Agricultural products import and export enterprises, agricultural "going out" enterprises and other open subjects are the key to supporting the development of open agriculture and the core to determine the development speed and quality of open agriculture. Jiangsu will support the existing export enterprises to increase capital and shares and expand in an orderly manner, and strive to cultivate a number of leading enterprises in the import and export of agricultural products. Among the 836 leading agricultural enterprises above the provincial level, we will guide enterprises to participate in international trade in an orderly manner and add a number of new export business entities of agricultural products. At the same time, make full use of the Foreign Investment Law and the Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) (2018 Edition), and vigorously introduce "flagship", "industry leader" and "singles champion" in sub-sectors to invest in Jiangsu agriculture.

　　Agricultural talents are the first resource to strengthen agriculture and promote agriculture, and the development of open agriculture cannot be separated from the support of talents. Accelerating the cultivation of open talents is an urgent requirement to win the initiative in the fierce international competition. "Jiangsu takes the cultivation of agricultural talents as an important starting point and focuses on gathering new resources for open agriculture." Yang Shiyun said that Jiangsu adheres to the combination of government support and enterprise self-cultivation, focusing on cultivating practical talents, strengthening the introduction of talents at home and abroad, focusing on gathering high-end talents and scientific and technological talents, striving to cultivate a group of agricultural talents with international vision, and enhancing the development potential of open agriculture in the province. (Economic Daily China Economic Net reporter Xue Haiyan Jiang Bo)