People’s Daily (13th edition, October 15th, 2022)

　　Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has United and led the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups to be self-confident, self-reliant and innovative, promoted historic achievements and changes in the cause of the party and the country, created great achievements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, successfully promoted and expanded Chinese modernization, and realized the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, which has entered an irreversible historical process. This issue of the observation edition focuses on the great changes in the new era in the past 10 years, which is a milestone in the history of the development of the Chinese nation.

　　——编 　者

　　在中华民族发展史上具有里程碑意义（深入学习贯彻最高领袖新时代中国特色社会主义思想）

　　陈 晋

　　实现中华民族伟大复兴是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想。一百多年来，中国共产党团结带领中国人民在奋力推进中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程中，书写了中华民族几千年历史上最恢宏的史诗。新时代10年的伟大变革，丰富和续写了这部史诗的精彩华章，在中华民族发展史上具有里程碑意义。

　　全面建成小康社会，中华民族伟大复兴迈出了关键一步

　　“小康”反映了中国先人对美好生活的向往和追求。在我国历史上，虽然也出现过一些“治世”“盛世”，但与漫长的古代史比起来毕竟稀少且短暂，中国古代社会长期的基本面仍是民生多艰。近代以来，在帝国主义和封建主义压迫下，“小康”愿望只能存在于人民的梦想之中。直到中国共产党诞生后，在党的领导下，中国人民顽强拼搏，历经几代人接续奋斗，从“小康之家”到“小康社会”，从“总体小康”到“全面小康”，从“全面建设”到“全面建成”，小康目标不断实现，小康梦想才终成现实。

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　　Building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the goal of the first century-long struggle mean that the Chinese nation’s vision of "the people can stop working and live a well-off life" has become a reality for thousands of years. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Building a well-off society in an all-round way is our strategic goal at this stage, and it is also a key step to realize the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream." The 13th Five-Year Plan period is the decisive stage for building a well-off society in an all-round way. By the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength and people’s living standards have leapt to a new level, with a GDP of over 100 trillion yuan, a per capita GDP of over 10,000 US dollars, an urbanization rate of over 60% and a middle-income group of over 400 million people, which has created favorable conditions for us to build a socialist modern country in an all-round way and March towards the goal of the second century.

　　Successfully promote and expand Chinese modernization, and promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization.

　　实现现代化是近代以来世界各国特别是发展中国家孜孜以求的目标。新中国成立后特别是改革开放以来，围绕实现什么样的现代化、怎样实现现代化这一重大课题，党领导人民进行了长期探索和实践。党的十八大以来，最高领袖总书记深刻回答建设什么样的社会主义现代化强国、怎样建设社会主义现代化强国这一重大时代课题，进一步描绘了中国式现代化道路的新图景，成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化。

　　中国式现代化的成功推进和拓展告诉人们一个深刻道理：通向现代化的道路不止一条，世界上既不存在定于一尊的现代化模式，也不存在放之四海而皆准的现代化标准。独特的文化传统、独特的历史命运、独特的基本国情，注定了中国必然要推进适合自己特点的现代化。

　　中国式现代化，是中国共产党领导的、坚持以人民为中心的社会主义现代化：中国式现代化既是发展道路，也是前进方向；既是中华民族伟大复兴的实现方式，也是中华民族发展史上令人鼓舞的奋斗目标；既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于国情的中国特色；既不是其他国家社会主义实践的再版，也不是国外现代化发展的翻版；既不走封闭僵化的老路，也不走改旗易帜的邪路，而是坚持在中国特色社会主义道路上实现现代化。

　　The modernization we are promoting has the characteristics of China and conforms to the reality of China. Chinese-style modernization is a modernization with a huge population scale. More than 1.4 billion people, more than the total population of developed countries and regions in the world, have stepped into a modern society. Its development task is heavy, its coordination is difficult and its potential advantages are strong. We must persist in putting the development of the country and the nation on the basis of our own strength and firmly hold the destiny of China’s development and progress in our own hands. Chinese-style modernization is the common prosperity of all the people, whether people-centered or capital-centered, whether all the people are common prosperity or a few people are rich, which is the fundamental difference between Chinese-style modernization and western modernization. In the 10 years of the new era, we have made great efforts to solve the regional gap, the urban-rural gap and the income distribution gap, and promoted the development achievements to benefit all the people more fairly, which reflects the unremitting pursuit of Chinese modernization in which the development achievements are shared by the people. Chinese-style modernization is a modernization in which material civilization and spiritual civilization are coordinated. We pursue the mutual promotion of national material and spiritual strength, the all-round enrichment of materials and the all-round development of people at the same time, and the people’s material life and spiritual life are both improved. Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core stands at the strategic height of the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, plans economic and social development from the height of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, further promotes the reform of ecological civilization system, and insists on harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Chinese-style modernization is a modernization that takes the road of peaceful development.Strive to build a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty, and promote the building of a community of human destiny. In the 10 years of the new era, our understanding of Chinese modernization has been deepened, and our strategy has become more and more mature and our practice has become more and more abundant. Promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization is not only correct and feasible, but also bound to be stable and good.

　　Starting a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has shown unprecedented bright prospects.

　　一百多年来，中国共产党团结带领中国人民进行的一切奋斗、一切牺牲、一切创造，归结起来就是一个主题：实现中华民族伟大复兴。新时代10年，以最高领袖同志为核心的党中央领导全党全国各族人民砥砺前行，推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，创造了新时代中国特色社会主义的伟大成就，中华民族迎来从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，实现中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程。

　　以最高领袖同志为核心的党中央对全面建成社会主义现代化强国作出战略部署，总的战略安排是分两步走：从2020年到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化；从2035年到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。这一战略部署，擘画出中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟蓝图，既观照历史又指向未来，具有厚重的民族历史感和明确的时代方向感。即将召开的党的二十大，要对全面建成社会主义现代化强国两步走战略安排进行宏观展望，重点部署未来5年的战略任务和重大举措。未来5年是全面建设社会主义现代化国家开局起步的关键时期，搞好这5年的发展对于实现第二个百年奋斗目标至关重要。

　　After 10 years of hard work in the new era, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core adheres to the organic unity of the party’s leadership, the people being the masters of the country and governing the country according to law, adheres to and improves the fundamental system, basic system and important system supporting the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, strives to build a systematic, scientific and standardized system with effective operation, promotes the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system to be more mature and stereotyped, and continuously improves the modernization level of the national governance system and governance capacity, thus providing a more perfect institutional guarantee for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The balance, coordination and sustainability of China’s economic development have been significantly enhanced, with GDP reaching 114 trillion yuan and per capita GDP exceeding 12,000 US dollars. China’s economy has embarked on a road of higher quality, more efficiency, fairer, more sustainable and safer development, providing a more solid material foundation for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era has achieved a new leap in the sinicization of Marxism, and scientifically guided the whole party and people of all nationalities to forge ahead in a new journey and build a new era. The cultural self-confidence of the whole party and people of all nationalities has been significantly enhanced, and the cohesion and centripetal force of the whole society have been greatly enhanced. The enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the people of China have been further stimulated, and their ambition, backbone and emboldened spirit have been unprecedentedly enhanced. The spiritual strength of self-confidence and self-improvement has become a strategic favorable condition for China’s development and provided for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　今天，在全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的新征程上，我们比历史上任何时期都更接近、更有信心和能力实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标。中国共产党团结带领中国人民，焕发出前所未有的历史主动精神和历史创造精神，正信心百倍地书写中华民族发展史上新的辉煌篇章。

　　（作者为中央党史和文献研究院原院务委员）

　　民族复兴进入不可逆转的历史进程（观察者说）

　　段 妍

　　党的十八大以来，以最高领袖同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民自信自强、守正创新，创造了新时代中国特色社会主义的伟大成就，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供了更为完善的制度保证、更为坚实的物质基础、更为主动的精神力量。

　　Ordering the people by the state is the right system. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has taken the improvement and development of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity as the overall goal of comprehensively deepening the reform, pushed the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system to be more mature and stereotyped, and guaranteed the "rule of China" with the "China system". At the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the general goal of comprehensively deepening reform was put forward. At the 19th CPC Congress, "Socialism with Chinese characteristics system must be adhered to and improved" was included in the basic strategy of adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and it was proposed that by 2035, "all aspects of the system will be more perfect, and the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity will be basically realized". The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee systematically described and deployed the "institutional map" of China’s governance for the first time in the history of the Party, and the system covering 13 aspects laid the institutional cornerstone of "China’s governance". In the 10 years of the new era, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, we have strengthened top-level design and overall planning, and continuously expanded the depth and breadth of comprehensive and deepening reform with system construction as the main line. More than 2,000 reform programs have been issued in various aspects, and historic changes, systematic remodeling and overall reconstruction have been achieved in many fields.The fundamental system supporting Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system has been continuously established, the basic system has been improved, important systems have been continuously innovated, and the basic institutional framework in various fields has been basically established, achieving the goal of "by the centenary of the founding of our party, the system has achieved remarkable results in all aspects" and providing a more perfect institutional guarantee for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Facts have fully proved that the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system has obvious superiority and strong vitality.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is to achieve national prosperity, national rejuvenation and people’s happiness." The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core adheres to the people-centered development thought, takes the people’s yearning for a better life as the goal, accurately grasps the new development stage, implements the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, accelerates the construction of a new development pattern, and promotes high-quality development. Through the continuous struggle of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country, we have achieved the goal of the first century of struggle, built a well-off society in an all-round way on the land of China, historically solved the problem of absolute poverty, and written a great miracle in the history of human development. The balance, coordination and sustainability of China’s economic development have been significantly enhanced. The GDP has reached 114 trillion yuan, and the per capita GDP has exceeded 12,000 US dollars. The people’s lives have been significantly improved, and the world’s largest social security net has been woven. At the same time, the coordinated development of regional urban and rural areas presents a new situation, and the power source for high-quality development has been expanded. The resilience of economic development has been significantly enhanced. Facing the severe impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, China’s overall economic development and epidemic prevention and control have achieved the best results in the world. In high-tech fields such as quantum communication, iron-based superconductivity and manned space flight, a number of significant scientific and technological achievements &hellip have been achieved. … In the 10 years of the new era, China’s strategic measures, transformative practices, breakthrough progress and landmark achievements in economic construction,It has provided a more solid material foundation for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The revival of a nation needs strong material strength as well as strong spiritual strength." The people have faith, the nation has hope and the country has strength. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to cultural construction, stimulated the cultural innovation and creativity of the whole nation, better built the spirit of China, the values of China and the strength of China, and consolidated the common ideological foundation for the United struggle of the whole party and people of all ethnic groups. The mental outlook of the people of the whole country has become more vigorous, and the spiritual building of the Chinese nation has stood tall. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is the latest achievement of Marxism in China, which is contemporary China Marxism and 21st century Marxism, and provides us with a powerful ideological weapon to understand and transform the world. Under the guidance of this important ideological science, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has gained unprecedented historical initiative and spiritual initiative. In the 10 years of the new era, the propaganda and ideological work has adhered to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, firmly grasped the leadership of ideological work, persisted in making innovations at the same time, and made the whole party armed and educated the people with the party’s innovative theory, clearly opposed and resisted all kinds of wrong views, and built a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and leading power; The construction of spiritual civilization is guided by cultural people and socialist core values, and it pays attention to using advanced socialist culture, revolutionary culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture to cast souls, enlighten wisdom and moisten the heart, and deepen the creation of mass spiritual civilization.建设新时代文明实践中心，不断丰富人民精神世界、增强人民精神力量，广泛凝聚起中华儿女同心同德的磅礴伟力；注重加强理想信念教育和爱国主义教育，深入开展党史学习教育、“四史”宣传教育，推动革命文化与红色基因的传承，大力弘扬以伟大建党精神为源头的中国共产党人精神谱系，中国人的志气、骨气、底气空前增强，历史主动精神和历史创造精神不断焕发，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供了更为主动的精神力量。当前，中国人民正以昂扬饱满的精神状态奋进新征程、建功新时代，中华民族正以不可逆转之势迈向伟大复兴。

　　（作者为东北师范大学马克思主义学部教授）

　　实现理论和实践上的创新突破

　　以中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴

　　谢 慧

　　实现现代化是近代以来中华民族孜孜以求的梦想。最高领袖总书记在省部级主要领导干部专题研讨班上的重要讲话中指出：“在新中国成立特别是改革开放以来的长期探索和实践基础上，经过党的十八大以来在理论和实践上的创新突破，我们成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化。”新时代10年，以最高领袖同志为核心的党中央不断把中国式现代化推向前进，实现中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程。

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　　Firmly grasp the correct direction of Chinese modernization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "There is neither a model of modernization fixed on one statue nor a universal standard of modernization in the world." Chinese-style modernization is socialist modernization, which breaks the myth that modernization can only be achieved by following the capitalist modernization model, overcomes the inherent disadvantages of capitalist modernization, provides a brand-new choice for modernization, and shows a bright future for the modernization of human society. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "China’s modernization is a modernization with a huge population, a modernization of common prosperity for all people, a modernization of harmony between material civilization and spiritual civilization, a modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and a modernization of peaceful development." The important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary has injected a distinct connotation of the times into the socialist modernization, profoundly revealing that Chinese modernization must proceed from the essential requirements of socialism and conform to the laws of socialist construction. The successful promotion and expansion of Chinese-style modernization shows the world that there is more than one road to modernization, and the key is to find the right direction, persevere and take our own road. Unswervingly advancing the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation requires a profound understanding of the essential attributes and fundamental requirements of Chinese-style modernization, and a clear understanding that Chinese-style modernization is rooted in the land of China, inherits Chinese civilization, conforms to the reality of China, has unique characteristics of China, and has created a new form of human civilization.

　　Adhere to the destiny of China’s development and progress firmly in their own hands. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "We must persist in promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization, neither taking the old road of being closed and rigid, nor taking the evil road of changing the flag. We must persist in putting the development of the country and the nation on the basis of our own strength and firmly holding the fate of China’s development and progress in our own hands." For more than a hundred years, our party has always insisted on taking its own path, doing its own thing well, unswervingly grasping the highest and fundamental interests of the Chinese nation, striving to achieve the set goals with the persistence of insisting that the green hills are not relaxed, and advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with the sober mind of those who walk a hundred miles. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has persisted in promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization, focused on new practices and new developments with the aim of solving practical problems in China’s socialist modernization, and always stood at the forefront of the times and promoted Chinese modernization with a high level of strategic overall situation. No matter in theory or in practice, Chinese modernization has great and far-reaching significance in the history of the development of the Chinese nation, the history of world socialism and the history of human society. History tells us that no nation or country in human history can achieve strength and rejuvenation by relying on external forces, copying foreign models and following others step by step. On the new journey towards the goal of the second century,We should unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, deeply understand the decisive significance of the "two establishment", further strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two maintenance", persist in firmly holding the fate of China’s development and progress in our own hands, and strive to write a new chapter in building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　(The author is the vice president of Hunan University of Science and Technology)

For the domestic new energy SUV, the polar fox Alpha T5 is like an all-round choice. Car companies have explored market segments and want to occupy a new energy SUV. However, if you want to seize the position in this game, you can’t just rely on brand awareness. The price, quality and quality of the product itself are the key to winning the market. Extreme Fox deeply studied the market demand, firmly grasped the pain points of consumers, and launched Extreme Fox Alpha T5, which stood out in this competition.

Extreme Fox Alpha T5 Healthy Cockpit
With the industry-leading medical-grade standards, Polar Fox has built a "healthy cockpit" of Polar Fox Alpha T5, which not only realizes the maternal and child-grade environment in terms of respiratory health, but also ensures that the formaldehyde concentration far exceeds the national standard and even exceeds the children’s room through the exclusive black technology materials and rigorous tests of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In terms of materials, more innovative developed antibacterial materials, which are safe and harmless without fear of high temperature, effectively killing 99.99% of bacteria, and at the same time introduced ultraviolet sterilization technology to ensure "zero formaldehyde and zero benzene" in the cockpit, and also screened 127 new materials of prohibited substances to build an electromagnetic safety defense line; Electromagnetic protection is equally excellent, and electromagnetic radiation is lower than that of mobile phones, so pregnant women don’t have to worry. Extreme Fox uses technology to protect the health of drivers and passengers, which proves that it is not only the industry leader in the field of in-vehicle health, but also the synonym of safety and health, making every trip a careful care.

Innovation of 800V High Voltage Overcharging Technology for Pure Electric Travel
The 800V high-voltage overcharge technology of Extreme Fox Alfa T5 enables it to supplement the mileage of 260 kilometers within 10 minutes of charging, greatly improving the convenience of pure trams. At the same time, high-voltage overcharge technology also reduces energy consumption and further improves vehicle economy. The 800V high-voltage overcharge technology of Extreme Fox Alfa T5 enables it to supplement the mileage of 260 kilometers within 10 minutes of charging, greatly improving the convenience of pure trams. At the same time, high-voltage overcharge technology also reduces energy consumption and further improves vehicle economy.
Excellent balance between price and endurance
Extreme Fox Alpha T5, as a new force in the new energy market, quickly attracted consumers’ attention with its accurate price positioning-155,800 to 199,800 yuan, and a high-end version of 160,000 yuan after the discount. This model is not only affordable, but also shows extraordinary strength in endurance, with a cruising range of up to 660 kilometers, which meets the needs of users for long-distance travel and truly realizes "worry-free travel". And its battery capacity of up to 79.2 degrees provides a solid guarantee for this excellent battery life.
Flexible spatial structure
The polar fox Alpha T5 has a good performance in the body size, and its internal space has been cleverly optimized. As an all-eugenic super pure electric new energy SUV, Alfa T5 has a length of 4690mm, a width of 1936mm, a height of 1650mm and a wheelbase of 2845 mm.. Moreover, the Extreme Fox Alpha T5 has an ultra-high occupancy rate of 69%, and the ratio of axle length is better. The interior space reaches 1793mm, the interior width reaches 1520mm, the interior height reaches 1260mm, and the backrest of the rear seat is adjustable by 30 degrees, leading the same class. In terms of storage, Alfa T5 can accommodate multiple suitcases at the same time, the back of the rear seat supports 4/6 reclining, and it can be extended to 1,546 L when connected with the trunk, which can accommodate multiple suitcases. The storage space in 21 places of the whole car includes warm and cold handboxes.
Perfect integration of intelligent technology and luxury configuration
Alfa T5, as a polar fox product, is also an all-eugenic super pure electric SUV model. It is built with IMC intelligent pure electric architecture platform and equipped with Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 intelligent driving chip, and its intelligent hardware has reached the leading level in the industry. The car is equipped with a 15.6-inch high-definition large screen with a resolution of 1920*1080, which brings users the ultimate visual enjoyment. At the same time, the vehicle also integrates 22 sensor hardware, supports L2.5-level assisted driving, and realizes intelligent driving assistance functions such as automatic parking and adaptive cruise, making driving easier and more convenient.

Fine adjustment of chassis and NVH
In order to improve the comfort of the chassis, Alfa T5 adopts the design of the front McPherson rear independent suspension, which has a more delicate shock-absorbing effect. In terms of NVH, vehicles have made great efforts, and the application of advanced technologies such as full coverage bottom guard optimization and harmonic injection design has effectively suppressed the transmission of noise. The optimization of damping materials at the door also further reduces the radiation of wind noise and creates a quiet and comfortable driving environment for users.

On the whole, the arrival of Extreme Fox Alpha T5 has injected a shot in the arm into the high-end market. Coupled with the healthy interior atmosphere, this car has been pushed to a high level and is expected to become a benchmark at the same level. With the continuous development of the market, the polar fox Alpha T5 is expected to maintain its market position.

　　Tongling Social Security Center of Anhui Province actively docked with the municipal medical insurance center, and set up a "joint office" service comprehensive window for matters involving different departments such as insurance registration and social insurance relationship transfer, so as to facilitate the people to handle different matters of social security and medical insurance. The picture shows the citizens consulting about medical insurance and social security in the lobby of Tongling Municipal Service Center.

　　Photo by Pan Wei (People’s Picture)

　　At the end of April this year, Shanghai customized commercial supplementary medical insurance "Huhuibao" jointly underwritten by nine insurance companies was officially launched.

　　Photo by Wang Chu (people’s picture)

　　Hainan Supervision Bureau of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China and Hainan Provincial Medical Security Bureau launched an innovative health insurance product "Huiqiongbao" in Hainan, and participants of basic medical insurance in Hainan Province can apply for insurance online.

　　Wang Qizuo (Xinhua News Agency)

　　No age, no household registration, no occupation, and insufficient annual premium. 200 yuan … … Recently, the "Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance" jointly designed and developed by five insurance companies, namely China People’s Insurance Company, China Life Insurance Company, Taikang Insurance Company, China Pacific Insurance Company and China Ping An Company, has attracted wide attention since its launch. The data shows that in just over ten days from July 26th to August 9th, the number of participants has exceeded one million.

　　Since last year, a number of similar supplementary medical insurance products have been launched all over the country, most of which are cooperated by local government departments and commercial insurance companies, such as "Jin Huibao", "Jin Huibao", "Tian Yi Yong Ning Bao" and "Hui Rong Bao", which focus on universal characteristics and attract many consumers to participate in insurance. What are the characteristics of this kind of "inclusive insurance"? How to develop customized insurance steadily?

　　Low threshold, high upper limit and wide range

　　With the development of economy and society, people’s awareness of health and risk management has been continuously improved.

　　Recently, Wu Yao, who works in Changji, Xinjiang, intends to continue to buy "Jinhui Insurance" for his parents who are far away from their hometown in Shanxi. "I worked in Xinjiang after graduation, almost five or six years. Being far apart, I seldom have a chance to go home for a visit in a year. What worries me most is my parents’ health. With the basic medical insurance and this supplementary insurance, you don’t have to delay the diagnosis and treatment because of the cost. The annual premium in 59 yuan is not high. " Wu Yao said.

　　Whether it’s "Jinhui Insurance" or "Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance", many insured people have the same idea as Wu Yao: they don’t spend much, so they are prepared. Specifically, this kind of insurance also embodies the characteristics of inclusiveness everywhere in its design.

　　— — The threshold for participation is low. "Pratt & Whitney Insurance" breaks through many restrictions of traditional commercial insurance, does not limit age and household registration, does not require previous health status, and the premium standard can be affordable for most people. For example, "Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance" clearly covers five categories of people with specific past diseases, such as malignant tumors, liver and kidney diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and glucose and lipid metabolic diseases, and realizes "insurability and claim settlement" by increasing the deductible and reducing the proportion of compensation, without worrying about being refused insurance.

　　— — The upper limit of protection is high. Compared with the low premium, the maximum compensation limit of "inclusive insurance" is mostly above one million yuan. For example, "Jin Huibao" has an annual premium of 59 yuan, which can provide a maximum of 3 million yuan of supplementary medical insurance for the basic medical insurance insured in Shanxi Province; Tianjin’s "Jin Hui Bao" has an annual premium of 68 yuan, including 1 million yuan for hospitalization expenses and 1 million yuan for certain high drug expenses, with a maximum guarantee of 2 million yuan.

　　— — Wide coverage. For many insured people, once they get sick, whether insurance can cover more effective drugs is related to the quality of insurance products. At present, most universal insurances clearly list the reimbursable drugs in the contract. For example, in the List of Certain High-priced Drugs of Huirongbao in Sichuan, drugs such as Dacotinib Tablets for the treatment of lung cancer, Cindilizumab Injection, Vinaike pull-tab for the treatment of leukemia and Nilotinib Capsules are clearly included in the scope of protection.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of PICC China, "Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance" and other products are customized commercial medical insurance in cities, which are usually guided by the local government, closely linked with the basic medical insurance in various places by adopting the mode of "one city, one policy", and are one-year medical insurance products with Pratt & Whitney nature for all local insured people. At present, the number of insured products of "Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance" has exceeded 1.36 million.

　　"The biggest advantage of this kind of products is that they are cheap, the insurance coverage is high, and the insurance conditions are relaxed, benefiting the elderly and the sick; Its disadvantage is that the vast majority of products are one-year medical insurance, and there is no mandatory agreement to guarantee renewal. It is integrated and complementary with basic social security and traditional commercial insurance. " The person in charge said.

　　The guarantee effect has attracted much attention.

　　Are consumers willing to buy "inclusive insurance"?

　　"I have carefully read the terms of Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance, and I feel more humane than commercial insurance, which is a kind of welfare!" Qi Hang, who is studying in Peking University, said that his parents have taken the initiative to buy the local "Min Hui Bao" in Huai ‘an, Jiangsu Province, and they plan to buy this kind of universal insurance after graduation and social security. "It is necessary to invest in your health in advance while you are young and in good health."

　　However, some people are worried about the claim effect and sustainability of inclusive insurance. Li Xinxin, who is engaged in the art training industry in Chongqing, said that an insurance company had introduced "Yuhuibao" before, but he is still on the sidelines. "This kind of inclusive insurance is a new thing, and it is still uncertain about its protection effect. For example, is the claim settlement procedure troublesome? How to connect with basic medical insurance and other commercial insurance? How can insurance companies maintain their support capabilities for a long time? " Li Xinxin said.

　　It is worth noting that "inclusive insurance" is more popular among office workers. Take Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance as an example. According to the data released before, among the 1 million insured persons, the proportion of urban workers participating in insurance is as high as 78.37%, and the proportion of urban and rural residents participating in insurance is 20.57%. The demand for medical insurance for on-the-job personnel is more vigorous. From the age of participation, "post-70s" and "post-80s" are the main participants, accounting for 42.7%.

　　Zhang Ming, head of Taikang Pension Pratt & Whitney Insurance Department, told the author that up to now, Taikang Pension has carried out urban customized Pratt & Whitney insurance projects in more than 20 cities across the country, providing urban customized Pratt & Whitney insurance for more than 10 million insured persons. In the design of product liability, the high security is instigated by small premiums, and the risk of large medical expenses caused by serious and serious diseases is accurately guaranteed; In terms of risk management and control, whether it is front-end product pricing or back-end claims service, this kind of inclusive insurance needs to be closely connected with local medical insurance. "Compared with traditional commercial insurance, Pratt & Whitney insurance is a product superimposed on basic medical insurance, focusing on ‘ Pratt & Whitney ’ Two words. For example, most commercial medical insurance will require health notification, and some sick people or sub-healthy people may not meet the insurance requirements, while most patients with previous diseases of Pratt & Whitney Insurance can apply for insurance and claim compensation to achieve real popularization; Usually, the premium price of commercial medical insurance increases with age, and most inclusive insurance is the average price of young and old, and the pricing is affordable. " Zhang Ming said that with the promotion of such products, higher requirements have actually been put forward for insurance companies, which need to make more efforts in scientific pricing and refined management.

　　However, "inclusive insurance" is not all-inclusive, and there are still restrictions and thresholds for compensation, which consumers should treat rationally. Yu Baorong, a professor at the Research Center of Health Insurance and Health Economics in university of international business and economics, said that because of the low premium, the fund pool of the whole insurance is relatively limited. For example, the minimum deductible of Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance is 30,400 yuan, and the money under the deductible is for patients to pay. Therefore, this kind of insurance is more practical for patients with serious illness and high medical expenses.

　　Promote the sustainable development of inclusive insurance

　　It is understood that inclusive insurance was first launched in Shenzhen. In 2015, the Shenzhen Supplementary Medical Insurance Project for Serious and Extraordinary Diseases, which was first promoted by the Shenzhen Municipal Government and underwritten by Ping An Pension Insurance, began to operate, becoming the first city and project in China to pilot customized commercial medical insurance in cities. As of last year, the number of participants has reached 7.8 million, covering more than half of the basic medical insurance participants in Shenzhen, and the number of beneficiaries of claims has exceeded 100,000, which has become an important guarantee to prevent people from becoming poor and returning to poverty due to illness.

　　The relevant person in charge of Pratt & Whitney Insurance of Ping An Pension Insurance Co., Ltd. told the author that the original intention of Pratt & Whitney Insurance was to help the construction of local multi-level medical security system with commercial insurance and reduce the medical expenses of people with severe and special diseases. Compared with traditional commercial insurance and national social insurance, its characteristics are reflected in two aspects: first, according to the local medical insurance policy, it provides customized product protection programs to make up for the medical security gap of local residents; Second, according to the urban population structure and regional characteristics, products suitable for different cities are launched. "For example, Hainan ‘ Hui Qiongbao ’ Innovation ‘ Medical insurance+commercial insurance ’ The mechanism is of positive significance for reducing the burden of medical expenses for Hainan patients, improving the accessibility of medicines for citizens with high quality, and effectively preventing poverty due to illness and returning to poverty due to illness. "

　　However, while the universal insurance is popular, there are also phenomena of scrambling to lower prices and exaggerating publicity. On May 28th this year, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission issued the Notice of the General Office of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China on Regulating the Urban Customized Commercial Medical Insurance Business of Insurance Companies, requiring insurance companies to make a scientific and reasonable protection plan in accordance with the operating rules of commercial insurance and the principle of marketization; Standardize business development, improve management service efficiency and risk control ability. At the same time, the regulatory requirements were clarified, and violations such as vicious competition at low prices and false propaganda were investigated and dealt with, so as to maintain market order and ensure the smooth operation of the business.

　　In Baorong’s view, inclusive insurance is essentially commercial insurance, which is a product different from social insurance. Its sustainability depends on the number of participants, the level of premiums, the size of welfare packages, the scope and degree of benefits. Among them, maintaining the balance between premium income and compensation expenditure is fundamental. "At present, most of China’s inclusive health insurance products have just entered the market. Whether it is the medical insurance department, the regulatory department or the commercial insurance company, they should find their own position, clarify the boundaries and clarify their responsibilities, so that they can truly become an effective part of China’s multi-level medical security system." Yu Baorong said.

　　CCTV News:It happened in Wenshui County, Lvliang City, Shanxi Province on the 15th of this month. The cause was an elderly man who was critically ill in hospital. His family asked the doctor for help four times when he was in critical condition. Then the doctor on duty was too busy taking photos with colleagues in the whole department to rescue him in time. Finally, he was complained by his family and caused disputes. The day before, on the evening of July 14th, 84-year-old Kang Jinlian was admitted to Wenshui County People’s Hospital for treatment. But the next day (15th), Kang Jinlian died after being rescued. Family members believe that the doctors in this department only took photos collectively during the period, which affected the treatment, thus leading to disputes between doctors and patients.

　　The old man was hospitalized for sudden discomfort the next morning.

　　The reporter learned from Wenshui County People’s Hospital that at about 10 pm on July 14th, Kang Jinlian, a patient, was sent to Wenshui County People’s Hospital for treatment because of the symptoms of toothache and retching. After examination, Kang Jinlian, a patient, was placed in the intensive care unit of cardiology department for further treatment. After treatment by a doctor, Kang Jinlian’s body was not serious that night. At 9 o’clock in the morning on the 15th, the patient Kang Jinlian suddenly felt unwell, and the patient’s family immediately went to see a doctor.

　　The patient’s family, Mr. WuMy cousin started to call the doctor, and the doctor said you should wait.

　　Mr. Wu told reporters that his cousin saw all the doctors and nurses in the Department of Cardiology sorting out their clothes and preparing to take a group photo in a public area less than 10 meters away from the ward. A few minutes later, the patient Kang Jinlian felt very uncomfortable again, so the patient’s family looked for a doctor again.

　　The patient’s family, Mr. Wu"I didn’t know who my third aunt was the second time, so I ran to call the doctor, and the doctor still said wait."

　　The monitoring shows that the doctor takes pictures for about 20 minutes.

　　Subsequently, the reporter also saw from the surveillance video of the day provided by Wenshui County People’s Hospital that at 9: 14 am on July 15, all the staff of the Department of Cardiology began to walk out of the ward area and began to take group photos. The photographing process lasted until 9: 35, and the whole process lasted for nearly 20 minutes.

　　Mr. Wu told reporters that during this time, they repeatedly called the doctor four times. Until the last time, when they saw that they were emotional, the attending doctor began to go to the ward to give first aid to the patient Kang Jinlian.

　　At 12: 36 on the 15th, the patient Kang Jinlian died after being rescued.

　　The patient’s family, Mr. Wu: "What I am questioning now is that I don’t question others when I use drugs. I want to question him when I rescue them. First, you didn’t rescue our patients at the best time. Where have you been during this time? The doctor is taking pictures outside. The doctor doesn’t know the patient’s condition when taking pictures. It’s not that we called the doctor not to come. "

　　It took about 20 minutes for family members to take photos with doctors four times.

　　According to Mr. Wu, a family member, during the group photo of the medical staff in the department, the patient’s family members sought medical help for four times, and it took about 20 minutes before and after. Although the doctor later launched the relevant rescue, the old man still failed to rescue him. He was declared clinically dead at 12: 36 on the same day. So, why do doctors take pictures during working hours instead of saving people? Let’s take a look at the answers that CCTV reporters got in interviews with the hospitals involved.

　　Li Haiyun, president of Wenshui County People’s Hospital, told the reporter that the group photo was taken to make a brochure for the department of cardiology.

　　Li Haiyun, Dean of Wenshui County People’s Hospital: "Because the original introduction of the department of cardiology is gone, it needs to be re-made. The photo shoot was originally scheduled for Saturday, but it was changed to Monday due to other reasons such as insufficient staff. There are more people, so it won’t take long to change to Monday morning, and it will be finished soon. "

　　Li Haiyun told reporters that Kang Jinlian, a patient, was seriously ill at 10: 00 a.m. on the 15th. At 10: 10 a.m., the doctor began to rescue Kang Jinlian, and during the rescue, the patient’s family also found Li Haiyun, the president.

　　Li Haiyun, Dean of Wenshui County People’s Hospital: "I met the patient’s family at 12 o’clock on July 15, and they complained that there was a dispute and there were medical staff taking pictures in the middle."

　　Dean Li Haiyun contacted the local health and sports bureau and police station at 3 pm that day after communicating with his family.

　　Li Haiyun, Dean of Wenshui County People’s Hospital: "In the afternoon, witnessed by the Health and Sports Bureau and the police station, our doctors and patients sealed the surveillance video and sealed the patient’s medical records. On the afternoon of the 16th, the Provincial Medical Commission intervened to have a preliminary discussion with both doctors and patients."

　　As for whether the death of Kang Jinlian delayed the treatment because of taking photos, Li Haiyun, the dean, said that it is still under investigation.

　　Li Haiyun, Dean of Wenshui County People’s Hospital: "This medical commission has organized experts to conduct appraisal. I think the final result is still judged according to the final result of the medical commission."

　　Whether the death of the elderly is related to taking pictures remains to be investigated.

　　Whether there is a direct connection between the photos taken by doctors and the death of the elderly, the relevant departments have organized experts to carry out the appraisal, and the final result has to wait for the official investigation results, and there is no conclusion yet. On the evening of 25th, the Information Office of Lvliang Municipal Government responded to this matter through its official Weibo "Lvliang Release" and announced the handling of the responsible persons.

　　The Shanxi Provincial Health and Wellness Committee and the Lvliang Municipal Government Information Office have successively released them to the public, and the Jingshui County Party Committee, the county government and relevant departments have studied them. According to relevant laws and regulations, the relevant responsible persons in this incident have been dealt with seriously:

　　Ordering the deputy county magistrate in charge of the government to make a written inspection; Admonish the director of the county health and sports bureau; Give serious warnings to the party branch secretary and dean of the county people’s hospital; Give the vice president of the county people’s hospital a warning within the party; Give the head of the medical administration and medical management unit of the county health and sports bureau a warning within the party; Give a demerit to the director of the medical department of the county people’s hospital; Give the deputy director of the county people’s hospital office, the director of cardiology and the head nurse of cardiology dismissal; Give the attending physician and responsible nurse of the Department of Cardiology of the County People’s Hospital an administrative sanction to suspend their practice for one year; Give an administrative warning to a related doctor in the Department of Cardiology of the County People’s Hospital.

　　At present, a number of people involved have been dealt with.

　　At present, the Shanxi Provincial People’s Mediation Committee for Medical Disputes has organized expert appraisal on this medical dispute. The specific results have not been announced. Lvliang City also requires Wenshui County and relevant departments to do a good job in appeasement and condolences to patients’ families, do a good job in the aftermath according to the mediation results of the Medical Dispute Mediation Committee, and inform the health departments at all levels in the city of the results of this problem, demanding that we draw inferences from others and take a warning.

　　Can a doctor just take pictures and not save people?

　　In our general understanding, doctors are the first to save lives. However, the medical staff in this incident ignored the family members of patients who came for help and urged for four times, just to take a photo of the department brochure. The purpose of the brochure should be to show the professional image of medical staff, but it has lost the initial intention of saving lives. What kind of image does this publicity photo show?

　　Which is more important, taking pictures or saving people? There is no need to think at all! Now that the old man has been issued a critical notice by the hospital, the doctor should know the seriousness of the patient’s condition. However, in the face of family members’ four calls for help, they repeatedly shirked and put photos first. Such a thing happened in a hospital that raced against death against time, which made people angry. We should know that saving people is not only the first principle that medical institutions must follow, but also the basic responsibility of doctors.

CCTV News:China is a big country producing kiwifruit, and its orchard area and output rank first in the world, but at the same time, its import volume also ranks first in the world. Who is better than imported kiwifruit and domestic kiwifruit? Let’s look at the reporter’s investigation into the front line of origin.

Meixian County, Shaanxi Province is one of the main producing areas of kiwifruit in China. In the kiwifruit industrial park here, the reporter met the person in charge of a local professional cooperative. During more than 20 years of kiwifruit production and processing, Qi Feng witnessed the process of gradually improving the quality of domestic kiwifruit and increasing the degree of commercialization.

　　　　　　 The core of kiwi fruit with red heart is radial, its taste is soft and waxy, and it melts at the entrance. Kiwi fruit juice, a golden fruit, is rich in water and tastes sweet and sour, while ordinary kiwifruit with green heart is constantly improving. Among them, "Xuxiang" and "Cuixiang" are well recognized by the market, and the market price can also be sold to about 8 yuan per catty. Even so, the price gap between domestic kiwifruit and imported kiwifruit is still very wide. The reporter visited and learned that the price of imported fruit is often about 100g, which is above 10 yuan. For most fruit distributors, the market recognition of domestic kiwifruit has been increasing in recent years, which is actually better than imported kiwifruit.

Domestic kiwifruit is "cooked" just right by technology

China’s kiwifruit cultivation has a history of more than 1,300 years, but the industrialization and commercialization development is only 40 years. In recent years, with the continuous breakthrough of planting and preservation technology of kiwifruit industry in China, the economic value of domestic kiwifruit is constantly improving.

CCTV reporter Jin Hezhen:This is a kiwifruit industrial park in Yangling, Shaanxi Province. My location is a standardized planting base of yellow-fleshed kiwifruit. It can be seen that a ridge cultivation method is adopted at the scene, which reserves a wide row spacing and is conducive to drainage. Moreover, we found that each trunk is divided into two vines, and such a horizontal trellis is made on the vines. The advantage of the horizontal trellis is that it can ensure that every kiwi fruit can receive the same degree of water and light, so that the size and quality of the fruit are uniform.

The reporter learned that kiwifruit is a typical post-ripening fruit. When it is harvested, the fruit is hard and can only be eaten after being stored for a long time. When it softens and reaches the edible standard, the shelf life is short, and the loss during transportation will also increase greatly. The new breakthrough of ripening technology in the past two years has enabled the harvested kiwifruit to be stored in different grades, and the ready-to-eat state can be achieved by adjusting the temperature.

Compared with ordinary kiwifruit, the production cost of instant kiwifruit is increased by about 20%, but the sales price can be increased by 30%. With the continuous popularization and commercial application of various technologies, the economic value of kiwifruit industry in China still has more room for improvement.

Wang Jiping, Secretary of Meixian County Party Committee, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province:At present, we are increasing the added value of kiwifruit, making kiwifruit into kiwifruit wine, juice and preserved fruit. In addition, we are also improving the storage capacity, efficiency and quality. More than 4,700 kiwifruit cold storage houses are being improved and restructured to make the quality of kiwifruit better.

First, the "ostrich policy" triggered a health crisis

We can often see such a situation around us: the career is successful, but the health is far away from him; He made money, but his illness made him unable to enjoy life. Health has become an urgent and urgent problem for modern people. In real life, many people adopt the "ostrich policy" for health, that is, out of sight, out of mind or out of mind. Give an example around you. Mr. Wang, a neighbor, just retired, said that he always felt "fooling his face" recently. According to his chief complaint, it is estimated that there may be something wrong with his blood pressure and heart, and he was introduced to the director of internal medicine of a third-class hospital for diagnosis and treatment. But Mr. Wang politely refused: "I never see a doctor. When I see a disease, I will find you." As a result, one morning, Mr. Wang suddenly died of a heart attack, which was really regrettable. The same tragedy happened to Mr. Wang’s 38-year-old daughter soon, which is a typical tragedy caused by the "ostrich policy". Therefore, no one should think that the threat of health is far away from us, even young people should seriously face every health problem. You must know that the golden key to health is in your own hands, one point of care, one point of peace!

Second, the change of health concept

The new life parameter of health is calledhealthy life, including disability-free life, disease-free and chronic life, and active life. People are pursuing a healthy life without disability, autonomy and happiness. To reach this level, we must pay attention to and intervene in the whole process of life, and finally realize healthy aging.

The definition of health given by the World Health Organization is that health is not only the absence of disease or infirmity, but the perfection of all aspects of physical, psychological and social adaptability. This is actually a "three-dimensional" health concept. It can be said that health is to achieve mutual adaptation and dynamic balance between human body and environment. Getting health must start from the details, but how many people can really do it? Too many people need to pay attention to their own health. In recent years, health education, health promotion and health management have gone deeper into the whole health field, communities and enterprises.

Third, chronic disease blowout, alarm bells ringing

According to Hanshu, there was a family whose tenants saw a tall and straight chimney in the kitchen, and a lot of dry firewood was piled up beside the kitchen. The tenant advised the owner to change the chimney into a curved one and move the firewood from the stove to the courtyard, so as to avoid a fire. But the master didn’t listen. A few days later, a fire broke out at home. All the villagers came to help put out the fire, and the fire was finally put out. In order to thank everyone, the host bought wine and killed cows to entertain his neighbors, rewarded them according to their merits and arranged seats, and those who were overwhelmed took seats, but forgot to invite tenants. Someone reminded the host that if you had listened to the tenant’s suggestion earlier, you could have avoided the fire and saved the cost of buying wine and killing cattle. Today, you treat people according to their merits. Why do you only treat the burned-out people who bravely put out the fire as guests, but don’t give any reward to those who propose a sudden start in salary?’ The landlord suddenly woke up and invited the tenants. This is the origin of the idiom "sudden change in salary", which shows the importance of nip in the bud. The same is true for treating diseases and preventing diseases.

In the past two or three decades, cardiovascular diseases and cancer have become the top killers threatening the health of Chinese residents. According to the Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of China Residents (2015), the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in China has increased rapidly, while the incidence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases has declined after intervention in developed countries. Experts predict that the incidence of coronary heart disease among middle-aged people in China will increase by 26% for men and 19% for women after 10 years. The incidence of stroke is more. It is worth noting that the awareness rate of cardiovascular diseases, treatment and control of Chinese people are seriously lacking, which is very worrying.

Fourth, promote a healthy lifestyle

In 1970s, Canadian scholars put forward that "behavior and lifestyle factors, environmental factors, biological factors and health service factors" are the four major factors affecting health. Among them, unhealthy lifestyle has the greatest impact on health. Fortunately, more and more people have realized the harm of bad lifestyle to health and paid more and more attention to promoting healthy lifestyle in daily life.

Victoria Declaration of 1992 International Heart Health Conferenceput forward"Four cornerstones of health":"Reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, mental health."

The Weimar Institute of the United States put forward "eight elements of a healthy life (NEWSTART new starting point)": 1. Nutrition; 2. Exercise; 3. Drinking water; 4. Sunlight; 5. Temperance; 6. Air; 7. Rest; 8. Trust.

The first edition in 2008 and the second edition in 2015 of "China citizens’ health literacy 66".

Twelve tips for keeping healthy at the 9th Global Conference on Health Promotion (Shanghai 2016): 1. Eat healthy; 2. Carry out physical activities in your own way every day; 3. Vaccination; 4. Do not use any form of tobacco products; 5. Avoid or minimize the use of alcohol; 6. Manage stress to promote health; 7. Adopt good personal hygiene practices; 8. Don’t drive fast, don’t drink and drive; 9. Wear a seat belt when driving and a helmet when riding a bicycle; 10. Take safe sex; 11. Check your health regularly; 12. Breastfeeding is the most beneficial for babies.

Guo Fa [2011] No.42

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

　　The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Protection is hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement it carefully.

　　the State Council

　　December 15th, 2011

Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Environmental Protection

　　Protecting the environment is our basic national policy. This plan is formulated to promote the scientific development of environmental protection during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period and accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.

　　I. Environmental situation

　　The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to environmental protection as an important part of implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development, as an important means to transform the mode of economic development, and as a fundamental measure to promote the construction of ecological civilization. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the state took the significant reduction of the total discharge of major pollutants as a binding indicator of economic and social development, made great efforts to solve outstanding environmental problems, and made important progress in understanding, policies, systems and capabilities. Compared with 2005, the chemical oxygen demand and the total amount of sulfur dioxide emissions decreased by 12.45% and 14.29% respectively, exceeding the emission reduction task. With the rapid development of pollution control facilities, the sewage treatment rate of the city has increased from 52% in 2005 to 72%, and the installed capacity of thermal power desulfurization has increased from 12% to 82.6%. Let rivers and lakes recuperate in an all-round way, deepen pollution prevention and control in key river basins and regions, and improve environmental quality. The proportion of surface water in the national control section is better than Grade III, which is increased to 51.9%, and the average concentration of sulfur dioxide in urban air in China is reduced by 26.3%. The supervision of environmental law enforcement has been continuously strengthened, the comprehensive improvement of rural environment has achieved remarkable results, ecological protection has been effectively strengthened, nuclear and radiation safety has been controllable, the environmental awareness of the whole society has been continuously enhanced, the participation of the people has been further improved, and the environmental protection objectives and key tasks of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan have been fully completed.

　　At present, the overall deterioration of China’s environmental situation has not been fundamentally curbed, environmental contradictions are prominent, and the pressure continues to increase. Water pollution is serious in some key river basins and sea areas, and atmospheric haze is prominent in some regions and cities. The discharge of major pollutants in many areas exceeds the environmental capacity. Environmental pollution in rural areas has intensified, and heavy metals, chemicals, persistent organic pollutants, soil, groundwater and other pollution have emerged. In some areas, the ecological damage is serious, the ecosystem function is degraded, and the ecological environment is relatively fragile. Nuclear and radiation safety risks have increased. The people’s demands for the environment are constantly improving, and the number of sudden environmental incidents remains high. Environmental problems have become one of the important factors threatening human health, public safety and social stability. The pressure of global environmental problems such as biodiversity protection is increasing. The legal system of environmental protection is not perfect, the investment is still insufficient, the law enforcement power is weak, and the supervision ability is relatively backward. At the same time, with the continuous growth of population, the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the total energy consumption continues to rise, the amount of pollutants will continue to increase, and the environmental constraints of economic growth will be strengthened day by day.

　　II. Guiding ideology, basic principles and main objectives

　　(1) Guiding ideology.

　　Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we will thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, strive to improve the level of ecological civilization, effectively solve outstanding environmental problems that affect scientific development and harm people’s health, strengthen institutional innovation and capacity building, deepen the reduction of the total amount of major pollutants, strive to improve environmental quality, guard against environmental risks, comprehensively promote the historical transformation of environmental protection, actively explore new ways of environmental protection with low cost, good benefits, low emissions and sustainability, and accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.

　　(2) Basic principles.

　　-Scientific development and enhanced protection. Adhere to scientific development, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, develop in protection and protect in development based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and promote the coordinated development of economy, society and resources and environment.

　　-Protecting the environment and benefiting the people and promoting harmony. Adhere to the people-oriented principle, put drinking clean water, breathing clean air and eating safe food in a more prominent strategic position, and effectively solve outstanding environmental problems related to people’s livelihood. Gradually realize equalization of basic public services for environmental protection, safeguard people’s environmental rights and interests, and promote social harmony and stability.

　　-putting prevention first and combining prevention with control. Insist on prevention from the source, put environmental protection through all aspects of planning, construction, production, circulation and consumption, and enhance the ability of sustainable development. Improve the construction and operation level of pollution control facilities and strengthen ecological protection and restoration.

　　-push ahead in an all-round way and make key breakthroughs. Adhere to the combination of solving overall and universal environmental problems and concentrating on solving environmental problems in key river basins, regions and industries, and establish an environmental protection strategic system, a comprehensive and efficient pollution prevention and control system, a sound environmental quality evaluation system, a sound environmental protection laws, regulations, policies and scientific and technological standards system, a complete environmental management and law enforcement supervision system, and a social action system with the participation of the whole people.

　　-classified guidance and hierarchical management. Adhere to local conditions and implement different environmental policies in different regions and industries. Encourage qualified areas to take more active environmental protection measures. We will improve the environmental supervision system of state supervision, local supervision and unit responsibility, and implement the environmental protection target responsibility system.

　　-government guidance and concerted efforts. Adhere to government guidance, clarify the main responsibility of enterprises, and strengthen departmental coordination. Strengthen environmental information disclosure and public opinion supervision, and mobilize the whole society to participate in environmental protection. Explore market-oriented means to promote environmental protection.

　　(3) Main objectives.

　　By 2015, the total discharge of major pollutants will be significantly reduced; The environmental safety of urban and rural drinking water sources has been effectively guaranteed, and the water quality has been greatly improved; Heavy metal pollution has been effectively controlled, and the prevention and control of pollution such as persistent organic pollutants, dangerous chemicals and hazardous wastes has achieved remarkable results; The construction and operation level of urban environmental infrastructure has been improved; The deterioration trend of ecological environment has been reversed; The ability of nuclear and radiation safety supervision has been significantly enhanced, and the level of nuclear and radiation safety has been further improved; The environmental supervision system has been improved.

　　Note: ① The total discharge of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen includes the total discharge of industrial, urban life and agricultural sources, which is verified according to the dynamic update results of the pollution source survey in 2010.

　　② During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the number of state-controlled sections of surface water increased from 759 to 970, among which the number of state-controlled sections of seven major water systems increased from 419 to 574; At the same time, the evaluation factors were increased from 12 to 21. According to this calculation, in 2010, the proportion of surface water quality in the national control section was worse than Grade V, and the proportion of surface water quality in the national control section of seven major water systems was better than Grade III, which was 17.7%.

　　③ During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the scope of air environmental quality assessment increased from 113 key cities to 333 cities at or above the prefecture level. According to the annual average values of respirable particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, the proportion of air quality in cities at or above the prefecture level in 2010 was 72%.

　　Third, promote the emission reduction of major pollutants

　　(1) Intensifying structural adjustment.

　　Accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity. Strictly implement the "Guidance Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustment" and the "Guidance Catalogue for Eliminating Backward Production Technologies, Equipment and Products in Some Industries". Intensify the elimination of backward production capacity in industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, chemicals, electricity, coal, paper making, printing and dyeing, leather making, etc. Formulate the annual implementation plan, decompose the tasks into local and enterprises, and announce the list of enterprises with backward production capacity to the public. Establish an examination and approval mechanism linking new projects with pollution reduction and elimination of backward production capacity, and implement the system of equal or reduced production capacity replacement. The environmental impact approval of new construction and expansion projects in key industries should take the total discharge index of major pollutants as a precondition.

　　Focus on reducing the emission of new pollutants. Reasonably control the total energy consumption and promote the development of non-fossil energy. By 2015, non-fossil energy will account for 11.4% of primary energy consumption. Improve the level of coal washing and processing. Increase the supply of natural gas and coalbed methane, and reduce the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption. Piloting the total coal consumption control in key areas of joint prevention and control of atmosphere. Further improve the entry threshold for industries with high energy consumption, high emissions and overcapacity. Explore the establishment of an evaluation system of pollutant production intensity per unit product. Actively cultivate strategic emerging industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection and new energy, and encourage the development of energy conservation and environmental protection modes of transportation.

　　Vigorously promote clean production and develop circular economy. Improve the pollutant discharge standards and cleaner production evaluation indicators of papermaking, printing and dyeing, chemical industry, metallurgy, building materials, nonferrous metals, tanning and other industries, and encourage all localities to formulate stricter pollutant discharge standards. Fully implement the pollutant discharge permit system. Promote cleaner production demonstration in agriculture, industry, construction, business services and other fields. Deepen the demonstration pilot of circular economy, accelerate the industrialization of resource recycling, promote the development of circular economy in all aspects of production, circulation and consumption, and build a resource recycling system covering the whole society.

　　(two) efforts to reduce chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions.

　　Increase the emission reduction of water pollutants in key areas and industries. Total emission control of total nitrogen or total phosphorus shall be implemented in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs and coastal areas prone to red tides such as the East China Sea and Bohai Sea. Total emission control of key heavy metal pollutants will be implemented in key areas for comprehensive prevention and control of heavy metal pollution. We will promote the control of total chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions in papermaking, printing and dyeing and chemical industries, and the reduction ratio will be no less than 10% compared with 2010. Strictly control the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions of the paper, printing and dyeing, tanning, pesticides, nitrogen fertilizer and other industries to build new projects that simply expand production capacity. It is forbidden to build new projects such as non-ferrous, paper-making, printing and dyeing, chemical industry and leather making at the source of rivers in key river basins.

　　Improve the level of urban sewage treatment. Strengthen the construction of sewage pipe network, promote the transformation of rain and sewage separation, and speed up the construction of sewage treatment plants in county towns and key towns. By 2015, there will be about 160,000 kilometers of new urban sewage pipe network in China, with an additional daily sewage treatment capacity of 42 million tons. Basically, all counties and key towns will have sewage treatment capacity, and the load rate of sewage treatment facilities will increase to over 80%, and the urban sewage treatment rate will reach 85%. Promote the harmless treatment and disposal of sludge and the recycling of sewage. Strengthen the operation of sewage treatment facilities and assessment of pollutant reduction, and promote the construction of monitoring platform for urban sewage treatment plants. Dianchi Lake, Chaohu Lake, Taihu Lake and other key river basins and coastal urban sewage treatment plants should improve the level of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

　　Promote pollution prevention and control of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding. Optimize the layout of farms, reasonably determine the scale of farming, improve farming methods, promote clean farming, and promote the resource utilization of farming wastes. Strictly implement the pollutant discharge standards for livestock and poultry breeding, and implement unified collection and treatment of pollutants in breeding areas and free-range intensive areas. By 2015, the proportion of supporting the construction of solid waste and sewage storage and treatment facilities in large-scale livestock and poultry farms and breeding communities nationwide will reach more than 50%.

　　(3) Increase the emission reduction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

　　Continue to promote pollution reduction in the power industry. Newly-built coal-fired units should simultaneously build desulfurization and denitrification facilities. Active coal-fired units without desulfurization facilities should speed up the elimination or construction of desulfurization facilities, and flue gas desulfurization facilities should cancel flue gas bypass in accordance with regulations. Accelerate the technical transformation of low-nitrogen combustion of coal-fired units and the construction of flue gas denitrification facilities. All coal-fired units with a single capacity of more than 300,000 kilowatts (inclusive) should be equipped with denitrification facilities. Strengthen the supervision of the operation of desulfurization and denitrification facilities, and reform those that can not meet the discharge standards stably within a time limit.

　　Accelerate the pace of desulfurization and denitrification in other industries. Promote the total emission control of sulfur dioxide in the iron and steel industry, fully implement flue gas desulfurization of sintering machines, and build desulfurization and denitrification facilities for new sintering machines. Strengthen the treatment of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in cement, petroleum and petrochemical, coal chemical and other industries. Industrial kilns in petroleum, petrochemical, nonferrous metals, building materials and other industries should be desulfurized. The new dry cement kiln should be reformed with low nitrogen combustion technology, and the new cement production line should be equipped with denitration facilities with efficiency not less than 60%. Carry out flue gas treatment of coal-fired boilers according to local conditions, install desulfurization and denitrification facilities in new coal-fired boilers, implement flue gas desulfurization in existing coal-fired boilers, and install low-nitrogen combustion devices in existing coal-fired boilers in the eastern region.

　　Carry out the control of nitrogen oxides in motor vehicles and ships. Implement the management of motor vehicle environmental protection signs. Accelerate the elimination of old cars, locomotives and ships. By 2015, the "yellow-label cars" registered and operated before 2005 will be basically eliminated. Improve the environmental access requirements of motor vehicles, strengthen the inspection of production consistency, and prohibit the production, sales and registration of vehicles that do not meet emission standards. Encourage the use of new energy vehicles. Fully implement the fourth-stage national motor vehicle emission standards, and implement stricter emission standards in areas where conditions permit. Improve the quality of vehicle fuel, encourage the use of new clean fuels, and supply vehicle fuel that meets the national fourth-stage standards nationwide. Actively develop urban public transport, explore and control the total number of motor vehicles in super-large and large cities.

　　Fourth, effectively solve outstanding environmental problems

　　(1) Improve the quality of water environment.

　　Strictly protect drinking water sources. Complete the examination and approval of urban centralized drinking water source protection areas, and ban illegal construction projects and sewage outlets in water source protection areas. Promote environmental improvement, restoration and standardization of water sources. Strengthen the supervision of toxic and harmful substances in the foreign exchange water area of water source protection areas. Centralized drinking water sources in cities above prefecture level should regularly carry out comprehensive analysis of water quality. Improve the disclosure system of environmental information on drinking water sources, and strengthen risk prevention and emergency warning.

　　Deepen the prevention and control of water pollution in key river basins. Define the priority control units of key river basins and implement zoning control. The Huaihe River Basin should focus on the control of ammonia nitrogen, focusing on the prevention and control of water pollution in the main stream of the Huaihe River and cities such as Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Huaibei, Huainan, Bengbu, Bozhou, Heze, Jining, Zaozhuang, Linyi and Xuzhou, and the water quality of the main stream basically reaches Grade III. Haihe River Basin should strengthen the overall planning of water resources utilization and water pollution prevention and control, focus on the safety of drinking water, the improvement of urban water environment and the coordinated management of cross-border water pollution, greatly reduce the pollution load, and achieve a significant decline in the proportion of inferior V water quality sections. The Liaohe River basin should strengthen the comprehensive improvement of the urban water system environment, promote the construction of Liaohe protected areas, and realize the obvious improvement of the water quality of the main stream of the Liaohe River and its tributaries such as Zhaosutai River, Tiaozi River and Daliao River. Pollution control, water ecological protection and water conservation should be strengthened in the Three Gorges reservoir area and its upper reaches to ensure that the water quality in the upper reaches and the reservoir area remains excellent. The Songhua river basin should strengthen the comprehensive improvement of urban water system environment and the control of non-point source pollution, and the water quality in the state-controlled section should basically be eliminated. The middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River should focus on promoting the prevention and control of water pollution in tributaries such as Weihe River, Fenhe River and Huangshui River, strengthening the prevention and control of environmental risks in energy and chemical bases such as Ningdong, Erdos and northern Shaanxi, and strengthening the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Hetao irrigation area, so as to greatly improve the water quality of tributaries and stabilize the main stream to meet the functional requirements. Efforts should be made to reduce the pollution load of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in Taihu Lake basin, and the water quality of the lake will be improved from inferior V to V, and the eutrophication trend will be curbed. Chaohu Lake basin should strengthen the control of aquaculture and pollution entering the lake, and reduce the pollution load of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus.Strengthen the ecological restoration of the lake area, curb the eutrophication trend of the lake body, and basically eliminate the inferior V water quality of the main tributaries entering the lake. Dianchi Lake Basin should comprehensively promote the prevention and control of water pollution in lakes, ecological protection areas, guiding and utilization areas and water conservation areas, and improve the water quality of rivers and lakes entering the lake. The Danjiangkou reservoir area and the upstream of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project should strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution and soil erosion, promote the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and achieve comprehensive water quality standards; Pollution control should be further deepened in the eastern water source area and along the line to ensure the quality of water transfer.

　　Do a good job in water pollution prevention and control in other river basins. We will intensify pollution prevention and control in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River Basin, and achieve stable and improved water quality. Take the southwest rivers, northwest inland rivers, southeast rivers, Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Hongze Lake, Fuxian Lake, liangzi lake, Bosten Lake, Ebinur Lake, Weishan Lake, Qinghai Lake and Erhai Lake as key areas to ensure and enhance water ecological security, explore the establishment of water ecological environment quality evaluation index system, carry out comprehensive assessment of water ecological security, and implement water pollution prevention and control and water ecological security guarantee measures. Strengthen the comprehensive management of Changhu Lake, Sanhu Lake, Bailu Lake, Honghu Lake and Yilong Lake in Yunnan Province. Strengthen environmental supervision and pollution prevention of rivers such as Heilongjiang, Wusuli River, Tumen River, Irtysh River and Yili River. Strengthen the protection of lakes with good water quality or fragile ecology.

　　Comprehensive prevention and control of marine environmental pollution and ecological damage. Adhere to the overall planning of land and sea, give consideration to both rivers and seas, and promote the comprehensive management of key sea areas such as the Bohai Sea. Implement the total pollutant discharge control system in key sea areas. Strengthen the connection between coastal waters and river basin pollution prevention. Strengthen environmental supervision of coastal engineering, marine engineering, marine dumping and ship pollution, and strictly control reclamation activities in ecologically sensitive areas. Reduce the emission intensity of pollutants from mariculture. Strengthen the construction of coastal shelterbelts and protect and restore typical marine ecosystems such as coastal wetlands, mangroves and coral reefs. Strengthen the protection of marine biodiversity. Gradually increase biological, red tide and oil spill monitoring projects in key sea areas, and strengthen emergency response to accidents such as oil spill at sea. Establish a data sharing mechanism for marine environmental monitoring. By 2015, the water quality in the coastal waters will remain stable as a whole, and the water quality in estuaries such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Pearl River and key bays such as the Bohai Sea will improve.

　　Promote the prevention and control of groundwater pollution. Carry out investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution, and delimit groundwater pollution control areas, prevention and control areas and general protection areas. Strengthen supervision of groundwater environment in key industries. Prohibit groundwater pollution sources such as seepage wells and pits, and cut off pollution channels such as abandoned drilling wells and mines. Prevent underground engineering facilities, underground exploration and mining activities from polluting groundwater. Control the influence of hazardous waste, urban pollution and agricultural non-point source pollution on groundwater. Strictly prevent and control the pollution of polluted soil and sewage irrigation to groundwater. Pilot rehabilitation in areas where groundwater pollution is prominent, focusing on strengthening the prevention and control of groundwater pollution in North China. Conduct a demonstration of comprehensive prevention and control of seawater intrusion.

　　(two) the implementation of a variety of air pollutants comprehensive control.

　　Deepen particulate pollution control. Strengthen the control of industrial smoke and dust, promote the transformation of dust removal facilities in coal-fired power plants and cement plants, and all sintering (pelletizing) equipment in the iron and steel industry should adopt high-efficiency dust collectors, and strengthen the construction of dust removal facilities in technological processes. Coal-fired boilers with more than 20 tons of steam (inclusive) should be equipped with high-efficiency dust collectors, and other small and medium-sized coal-fired industrial boilers should be encouraged to use low-ash coal or clean energy. Strengthen dust control on construction sites, muck transportation and roads.

　　Strengthen the control of volatile organic pollutants and toxic waste gas. Strengthen the emission control of volatile organic pollutants in the production, transportation and storage process of petrochemical industry. Encourage the use of water-based, low-toxic or low-volatile organic solvents, promote the pollution control of organic waste gas in fine chemical industry, and strengthen the recycling of organic waste gas. Implement the comprehensive management project of oil and gas recovery in gas stations, oil depots and tankers. Monitor volatile organic pollutants and toxic waste gas, and improve pollutant emission standards of key industries. Strict supervision of pollution sources will reduce the emission of toxic and harmful waste gases such as mercury, lead and dioxin.

　　Promote the prevention and control of urban air pollution. In key areas of joint prevention and control of air pollution, establish a regional air environmental quality evaluation system, carry out coordinated control of various pollutants, implement special emission limits of regional air pollutants, and focus on prevention and control of thermal power, steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemicals, building materials, chemicals and other industries. Monitoring of pollutants such as ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) will be carried out in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions, and regional joint law enforcement inspections will be carried out. By 2015, the compound air pollution in these regions will be controlled, and the air environmental quality of all cities will meet or be better than the national secondary standard, and the pollution of acid rain, haze and photochemical smog will be significantly reduced. Implement clean air action in cities and strengthen the prevention and control of air pollution in Urumqi and other cities. The implementation of urban air quality classification management, cities that have not yet reached the standard should formulate and implement the standard plan. Strengthen the control of cooking fume pollution and the treatment of odor pollution.

　　Strengthen the quality management of urban and rural acoustic environment. Strengthen the prevention and control of noise pollution in traffic, construction, industry, social life and other fields. Delineate or adjust the functional areas of acoustic environment, strengthen the management of urban acoustic environment standards, and expand the area of functional areas that meet the standards. Do a good job in controlling key noise sources and solve the problem of noise disturbing people. Strengthen the capacity building of noise supervision.

　　(3) Strengthening soil environmental protection.

　　Strengthen the construction of soil environmental protection system. Improve soil environmental quality standards, and formulate supervision and management measures and technical specifications for soil environmental protection in agricultural production areas. Study and establish the system of soil environmental quality evaluation and filing for construction project land and the system of investigation, evaluation and restoration of contaminated soil, and clarify the responsible subjects and requirements for treatment and restoration.

　　Strengthen soil environmental supervision. Deepen the investigation of soil environment and focus on sensitive areas such as grain and vegetable bases and areas affected by mineral resources development. Carry out pilot projects of soil pollution assessment and safety grade division in agricultural products producing areas. Strengthen the environmental supervision of polluted sites in cities and industrial and mining enterprises, carry out environmental risk assessment of the reuse of polluted sites, incorporate the environmental risk assessment of sites into the environmental impact assessment of construction projects, and prohibit land circulation and development and utilization of polluted sites that have not been assessed and harmlessly treated. Measures should be taken to prevent the spread of pollution in contaminated sites that have been assessed as having a serious impact on human health, and they should not be used for residential development, and existing residents should be relocated.

　　Promote the remediation of contaminated sites and soil in key areas. Focusing on typical contaminated sites and contaminated farmland around large and medium-sized cities, heavily polluting industrial and mining enterprises, centralized pollution control facilities, key areas for heavy metal pollution prevention and control, drinking water sources, waste storage sites, etc., pilot demonstrations on pollution control and remediation of contaminated sites and soil pollution will be carried out. It is necessary to increase the investment in remediation of soil pollution in historical sites such as the loss of responsible subjects.

　　(4) Strengthening ecological protection and supervision.

　　Strengthen the protection and construction of ecological functional areas. Strengthen the protection and management of 25 national key ecological function area, such as Daxinganling Forest and Changbai Mountain Forest, formulate management measures and improve management mechanism. Strengthen the construction of ecological environment monitoring and evaluation system, and carry out continuous monitoring and regular evaluation of ecosystem structure and function. Implement ecological protection and restoration projects. Strictly control the total amount of pollutants discharged from key ecological functional areas and the environmental standards for industrial access.

　　Improve the level of construction and supervision of nature reserves. Carry out basic investigation and evaluation of nature reserves, and make overall plans to improve the development plan of nature reserves throughout the country. Strengthen the construction and management of nature reserves, strictly control the adjustment of the scope and functional zoning of nature reserves, strictly limit the development and construction activities involving nature reserves, and standardize the management of land and sea areas in nature reserves. Strengthen the standardization of national nature reserves. Optimize the spatial structure and layout of nature reserves, and focus on strengthening the construction of natural reserves of rivers and aquatic ecosystems in areas such as southwest alpine valleys, hilly areas in central and southern China and coastal waters. Rescue and protect the remaining natural habitats in densely populated areas of central and eastern China. By 2015, the proportion of land nature reserves in the national territory will be stable at 15%.

　　Strengthen biodiversity protection. Continue to implement the Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan of China (2011-2030), strengthen the protection of priority areas for biodiversity protection, and complete the background investigation and assessment of biodiversity in 8 to 10 priority areas. Carry out biodiversity monitoring pilot projects and the construction of biodiversity protection demonstration zones and restoration demonstration zones. Promote the construction of germplasm resources banks in key areas and industries. Strengthen the entry and exit supervision of biological species resources. Study and establish a system for obtaining biological genetic resources and sharing benefits. Study and formulate laws and regulations to prevent the invasion of alien species and strengthen the safety management of genetically modified organisms. Strengthen the supervision of the environmental release of genetically modified organisms and the utilization of microorganisms for environmental improvement purposes, and carry out the prevention and control of alien harmful species. Publish a list of threatened animals and plants and alien invasive species. By 2015, 90% of the national key protected species and typical ecosystems will be protected.

　　Promote ecological environment supervision of resource development. Implement ecological function zoning and standardize resource development and utilization activities. Strengthen ecological supervision in the development of minerals, hydropower, tourism resources and transportation infrastructure construction, and implement the responsibilities of related enterprises in ecological protection and restoration. Implement the deposit system for mine environmental management and ecological restoration.

　　V. Strengthening prevention and control of environmental risks in key areas

　　(a) to promote the whole process of environmental risk management.

　　Conduct environmental risk investigation and assessment. Focus on enterprises that emit heavy metals, hazardous wastes, persistent organic pollutants and produce and use hazardous chemicals, comprehensively investigate key environmental risk sources and environmental sensitive points, and establish a database of environmental risk sources. Study the generation, spread, prevention and control mechanism of environmental risks. Investigate environmental pollution and health damage, and establish an environmental and health risk assessment system.

　　Improve environmental risk management measures. Improve the prevention-oriented environmental risk management system and implement the main responsibility of enterprises. Formulate environmental risk assessment norms and improve relevant technical policies, standards and engineering construction norms. The examination and approval of environmental impact assessment of construction projects should put forward clear requirements for preventing environmental risks. The establishment of enterprise environmental emergencies reporting and emergency treatment system, characteristic pollutants monitoring and reporting system. Conduct regular special inspections on key risk sources, important and sensitive areas, supervise high-risk enterprises, rectify or relocate within a time limit, and shut down those who do not have the conditions for rectification according to law. Establish an environmental emergency rescue network, improve the environmental emergency plan, and regularly carry out environmental accident emergency drills. Improve the emergency rescue system for sudden environmental incidents, build an environmental emergency rescue mechanism with government guidance, departmental coordination, graded responsibility and social participation, and scientifically and properly handle sudden environmental incidents according to law.

　　Establish an environmental accident handling and damage compensation recovery mechanism. Taking effective prevention and proper response to major environmental emergencies as an important task of local people’s governments is included in the environmental protection target responsibility system. Promote the construction of environmental pollution damage appraisal and evaluation institutions, establish appraisal and evaluation mechanism, and improve the damage compensation system. Establish a technical system for damage assessment, damage compensation and damage repair. We will improve the environmental pollution liability insurance system and study the establishment of a compulsory insurance system for enterprises with high environmental risks such as heavy metal emissions.

　　(2) Strengthening nuclear and radiation safety management.

　　Improve the safety level of nuclear energy and nuclear technology utilization. Strengthen the analysis, prediction and early warning of the impact of major natural disasters on nuclear facilities. Further improve the reliability of design, manufacture, installation and operation of nuclear safety equipment. Strengthen the safety rectification of research reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities, and restrict the operation or gradually shut down facilities that cannot meet safety requirements. Standardize the behavior of nuclear technology utilization, carry out comprehensive safety inspection of nuclear technology utilization units, and implement compulsory retirement of nuclear technology utilization projects with great security risks.

　　Strengthen nuclear and radiation safety supervision. Improve the nuclear and radiation safety evaluation methods. Strengthen the safety supervision of operating nuclear facilities, strengthen the safety analysis and evaluation of nuclear facilities under construction and proposed, and improve the nuclear safety licensing system. Improve the safety management of early nuclear facilities. Strengthen safety supervision over the production, transportation and storage of nuclear materials and radioactive materials. Strengthen the safety supervision of nuclear technology utilization and improve the radiation safety management information system of nuclear technology utilization. Strengthen radiation environmental quality monitoring and supervision monitoring of nuclear facility effluent. Improve the international cooperation mechanism of nuclear and radiation safety supervision, and strengthen nuclear safety publicity and popular science education.

　　Strengthen the prevention and control of radioactive pollution. Promote early decommissioning of nuclear facilities and radioactive pollution control. Carry out the decommissioning of civil radiation irradiation devices and the recycling of waste sources. Accelerate the capacity building of radioactive waste storage, treatment and disposal, and basically eliminate the safety risks of low-level radioactive waste liquid left over from history. Accelerate the pollution control of uranium mines and associated radioactive mines, shut down uranium smelting facilities that do not meet the safety requirements, and establish a long-term monitoring mechanism for uranium smelting decommissioning treatment projects.

　　(three) to curb the high incidence of heavy metal pollution incidents.

　　Strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in key industries and regions. Focus on non-ferrous metal ore (including associated ore) mining and dressing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting industry, lead storage battery manufacturing industry, leather and its products industry, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry, increase prevention and control efforts, and accelerate the pace of eliminating backward production capacity of heavy metal-related enterprises. Reasonably adjust the layout of heavy metal-related enterprises, gradually improve the industry access threshold, and strictly implement the health protection distance. Adhere to the replacement of new production capacity and eliminated production capacity by equal amount or reduction, and prohibit the new reconstruction and expansion of projects that increase heavy metal pollutant emissions in key areas. Encourage all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to explore the pilot of heavy metal emission replacement and trading in their non-key areas. Formulate and implement special emission limits for heavy metal pollutants in key regions and industries. Strengthen the comprehensive control of heavy metal pollution in Xiangjiang River and other river basins and regions. By 2015, the emission of heavy metal pollutants in key areas will be reduced by 15% compared with 2007, and the emission of heavy metal pollutants in non-key areas will not exceed the 2007 level.

　　Implement comprehensive prevention and control of heavy metal pollution sources. Manage heavy metal-related enterprises as key pollution sources, establish accounts for the generation and discharge of heavy metal pollutants, and strengthen the supervisory monitoring and inspection system. Conduct compulsory cleaner production audit for key enterprises every two years. Promote the technological progress of heavy metal-related industries and encourage enterprises to carry out advanced treatment. Encourage lead battery manufacturing, nonferrous metal smelting, leather and its products industry, electroplating and other industries to implement similar integration and park management, and strengthen the environmental protection requirements of the park. Improve the health hazard monitoring and diagnosis and treatment system of heavy metal pollution.

　　(four) to promote the safe treatment and disposal of solid waste.

　　Strengthen the prevention and control of hazardous waste pollution. Implement the whole process management system of hazardous waste, determine the list of hazardous waste generating units under key supervision, strengthen the standardized management of hazardous waste generating units and business units, and put an end to illegal transfer of hazardous waste. Investigate and evaluate the utilization and disposal facilities built by enterprises, and promote the industrialization, specialization and large-scale development of hazardous waste utilization and disposal. Control the amount of hazardous waste landfill. Prohibit illegal processing and utilization facilities of waste lead-acid batteries. Standardize the management of hazardous wastes from non-industrial sources such as laboratories. Accelerate the safe disposal of historical chromium slag, and ensure that the newly added chromium slag is harmlessly utilized and disposed. Strengthen the whole process management of medical waste and the construction of facilities for harmless disposal, promote the harmless management of medical waste in rural areas, towns and remote areas according to local conditions, and basically realize the harmless disposal of medical waste in cities above prefecture level by 2015.

　　Strengthen the prevention and control of industrial solid waste pollution. We will improve preferential policies to encourage the utilization and disposal of industrial solid waste, strengthen the development of comprehensive utilization and disposal technology of industrial solid waste, and strengthen pollution prevention and control of bulk industrial solid waste such as coal gangue, fly ash, industrial by-product gypsum, smelting and chemical waste residue. By 2015, the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste will reach 72%. We will implement the extended producer responsibility system, standardize the recycling activities of waste electrical and electronic products, build a recycling system for waste materials and a centralized processing park to promote the comprehensive utilization of resources. Strengthen the management of imported waste circle.

　　Improve the level of domestic waste treatment. Accelerate the construction of urban domestic waste treatment facilities. By 2015, the harmless treatment rate of urban domestic waste in China will reach 80%, and all counties have the ability to treat domestic waste harmlessly. We will improve the system of classified recovery of domestic waste, improve the system of classified recovery, closed transportation and centralized treatment, and strengthen the supervision of facility operation. Remediation of facilities and places for simple garbage disposal or stacking, and ecological restoration and transformation of closed landfills and old garbage dumps. Encourage garbage anaerobic gasification, incineration power generation and heating, landfill gas power generation, and resource utilization of kitchen waste. Promote the construction of landfill leachate and waste incineration fly ash disposal projects. We will carry out a pilot project of collaborative treatment of domestic garbage and sludge in industrial production processes.

　　(five) improve the chemical environmental risk prevention and control system.

　　Strict environmental supervision of chemicals. Improve the environmental management registration system for hazardous chemicals and new chemical substances. Formulate the elimination list of toxic and harmful chemicals, and eliminate chemicals that are highly toxic, difficult to degrade and highly harmful to the environment according to law. Make a list of key environmental management chemicals and restrict the production and use of chemicals with high environmental risks. Improve relevant industry access standards, environmental quality standards, emission standards and monitoring technical specifications, implement emission and transfer reporting systems, and carry out mandatory cleaner production audits. Improve the chemical environmental management institutions. Establish a lifelong accountability system for chemical environmental pollution responsibility and an administrative accountability system for the whole process.

　　Strengthen chemical risk prevention and control. Strengthen the environmental management of chemical parks, strictly examine and approve the environmental impact assessment of newly-built chemical parks, and strengthen the upgrading and transformation of existing chemical enterprise concentration areas. Newly-built projects involving hazardous chemicals should enter chemical parks or chemical gathering areas, and enterprises outside the existing chemical parks should gradually move into the parks. Formulate standards for the construction of environmental protection facilities in chemical parks, and improve the construction of related facilities and environmental emergency systems in the parks. Strengthen the management and disposal of hazardous chemical wastes and contaminated sites in key environmental management categories. Promote the construction of temporary storage of abandoned hazardous chemicals in hazardous chemicals enterprises and the construction of treatment and disposal capacity. Focus on iron ore sintering, electric arc furnace steelmaking, recycled non-ferrous metal production, waste incineration and other industries, strengthen the prevention and control of dioxin pollution, and establish a sound prevention and control system and long-term supervision mechanism for dioxin pollution; By 2015, the emission intensity of dioxin in key industries will be reduced by 10%.

　　Six, improve the basic public service system of environmental protection.

　　(1) Promoting the equalization of basic public services for environmental protection.

　　Formulate national environmental function zoning. According to the differences of major environmental functions in different regions, aiming at maintaining environmental health, conserving natural ecological safety and ensuring environmental safety of food producing areas, and combining with the national main functional area planning, the national environmental functional zoning is formulated, and "ecological red lines" are delineated in key ecological functional areas, sensitive areas of land and marine ecological environment, fragile areas and other areas, and environmental objectives, policies and environmental standards for different regions are formulated, and classified guidance and zoning management are implemented.

　　We will intensify environmental management in areas with optimized development and key development, implement strict pollutant discharge standards in combination with environmental capacity, greatly reduce the total amount of pollutant discharge, strengthen environmental risk prevention, and protect and expand ecological space. Strengthen the environmental supervision of the main producing areas of agricultural products and strengthen the prevention and control of soil erosion and aquaculture pollution. Conservation zone, a natural and cultural city, is subject to compulsory protection according to law, maintaining the authenticity and integrity of natural ecology and cultural heritage, closing or moving out polluting enterprises according to law, and realizing "zero emission" of pollutants. Strict environmental access to energy bases and mineral resource base and other regions will guide the rational and orderly development of natural resources.

　　Implement the regional environmental protection strategy. The western region should adhere to ecological priority, strengthen environmental supervision of hydropower, minerals and other resources and energy development activities, protect and improve its ecological service function, and build a national ecological security barrier. Sanjiangyuan area should further promote the construction of ecological protection comprehensive experimental zone. Ecological management and desertification control should be strengthened in Tarim River basin. Hubao Eyu, Guanzhong-Tianshui, Lanzhou-Xining, Ningxia along the Yellow River, the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain and other areas should strictly limit the development of high-water consumption industries, improve the utilization level of water resources, and control soot-type air pollution during heating period. Chengdu-Chongqing, central Guizhou, central Yunnan and central and southern Tibet should strengthen the prevention and control of acid rain pollution, strengthen the control of rocky desertification and the protection of plateau lakes.

　　Northeast China should strengthen the protection of forests and other ecosystems, carry out wetland restoration in Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain, strengthen comprehensive control of soil erosion and desertification in black land, and strengthen soil environmental protection in agricultural products producing areas in Northeast Plain. Central and southern Liaoning, Changjitu, Hadaqi and Musui areas should strengthen the control of urban air pollution during heating period, promote the prevention and control of pollution in Songhua River, Liaohe River basin and coastal waters, strengthen the comprehensive control of coal mining subsidence areas and the restoration of mine environment, and strengthen the ecological environment supervision of oil and other resources development activities.

　　The central region should effectively maintain the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment, improve the level of urban and rural environmental infrastructure construction, and maintain the overall stability of environmental quality. Taiyuan Urban Agglomeration and Central Plains Economic Zone should strengthen regional air pollution control cooperation, strictly limit the development of high-water consumption industries, and strengthen the ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence areas. Wuhan City Circle, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group, Wanjiang City Belt and other regions should take the regional resource carrying capacity and ecological environment capacity as an important basis for undertaking industrial transfer, strictly control the access threshold of resource conservation and environmental protection, coordinate urban and rural environmental protection, and accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. Strengthen the protection of ecological environment in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone.

　　The eastern region should greatly reduce the total amount of pollutants discharged, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, and resolve the bottleneck of resources and environment. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions should accelerate the innovation of environmental management system and mechanism, and effectively control regional compound air pollution. Hebei coastal areas, Jiangsu coastal areas, Zhejiang Zhoushan Islands New Area, the west side of the Taiwan Strait, Shandong Peninsula and other areas should further improve the efficiency of resource and energy utilization and protect coastal areas and biodiversity. Accelerate the environmental infrastructure construction of Hainan International Tourism Island.

　　Promote the equalization of basic public services for regional environmental protection. Reasonably determine the scope and standards of basic public services for environmental protection, strengthen urban and rural and regional overall planning, and improve the basic public service system for environmental protection. Through general transfer payments and ecological compensation, the central government has increased its support for the western region, prohibited development areas, restricted development areas and areas with special difficulties, and improved the supply level of basic public services for environmental protection. Local people’s governments at all levels should ensure the expenditure on basic public services for environmental protection and strengthen the capacity building of environmental supervision at the grass-roots level.

　　(2) Improve the level of rural environmental protection.

　　Ensure the safety of rural drinking water. Carry out investigation and evaluation of rural drinking water sources, and promote the delineation of rural drinking water source protection areas or protection areas. Strengthen the comprehensive improvement of drinking water source environment. Establish and improve the environmental supervision system of rural drinking water sources, and strengthen law enforcement inspection. Carry out publicity and education on environmental protection to raise the awareness of rural residents on water source protection. Promote the integration of urban and rural water supply in areas where conditions permit.

　　Improve the treatment level of domestic sewage and garbage in rural areas. Encourage towns and large-scale villages to build centralized sewage treatment facilities, and integrate the sewage from towns and villages around the city into the urban sewage collection pipe network for unified treatment. Villages living in scattered areas should promote the construction of decentralized, low-cost and easy-to-maintain sewage treatment facilities. Strengthen the construction of collection, transportation and disposal facilities for rural domestic garbage, and make overall plans for the construction of harmless treatment facilities and collection and transportation systems in towns and villages around cities and counties; In areas with inconvenient transportation, we should explore the local treatment mode and guide rural domestic garbage to realize source classification, local reduction and resource utilization.

　　Improve the level of pollution prevention and control of rural planting and aquaculture. Guide farmers to use biological pesticides or pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, and pesticide packaging should be treated harmlessly. Vigorously promote soil testing and formula fertilization. Promote the development of ecological agriculture and organic agriculture. Strengthen the resource utilization of agricultural production wastes such as discarded agricultural films and straws. Carry out aquaculture pollution investigation to reduce the aquaculture area and the number of feeding in Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake and Hongze Lake.

　　Improve the rural environmental quality in key areas. We will implement the target responsibility system for comprehensive environmental improvement in rural areas, implement rural clean-up projects, develop and popularize applicable comprehensive improvement models and technologies, and focus on solving the problems of villages and market towns with outstanding environmental pollution. By 2015, we will complete the task of comprehensive environmental improvement in 60,000 established villages. Optimize the layout of industrial development in rural areas, strictly enforce environmental access for industrial projects, and prevent urban and industrial pollution from transferring to rural areas. Comprehensive treatment should be carried out for the residual pollution after the relocation and shutdown of chemical and electroplating enterprises in rural areas.

　　(3) Strengthening the construction of environmental supervision system.

　　Focusing on infrastructure, security and talents, we will promote the equalization of basic public services for environmental supervision. By 2015, we will basically form a supervision system for pollution sources and total emission reduction, an environmental quality monitoring and evaluation system, an environmental early warning and emergency response system, and initially establish a basic public service system for environmental supervision.

　　Improve the statistics, monitoring and assessment system of pollution reduction. Strengthen the construction, supervision and management, operation and maintenance of automatic monitoring system for pollution sources. Strengthen the capacity building of rural and motor vehicle emission reduction supervision. We will comprehensively promote the standardization of environmental protection capabilities such as monitoring, supervision, education, statistics and information, and greatly enhance the basic environmental supervision capabilities of cities and counties. In Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other economically developed areas and heavily polluted areas, as well as other conditional areas, the environmental monitoring team will be extended to towns and streets. Focus on county-level and some prefecture-level monitoring and supervision institutions in the central and western regions, and promote the construction of grassroots environmental monitoring and law enforcement business houses. Carry out agricultural and rural environmental statistics. Carry out research on the total emission control of non-point source pollutants, and explore the establishment of a certification system for non-point source pollution reduction.

　　Promote the construction of environmental quality monitoring and assessment system. Optimize the national environmental monitoring sections (points) and build an environmental quality evaluation, assessment and early warning network. Construction of national environmental monitoring sites in key areas to improve the automatic monitoring level of the national monitoring network. Improve the monitoring capacity of regional characteristic pollutants, carry out monitoring of emission sources of characteristic pollution factors of typical environmental problems such as heavy metals and volatile organic compounds, and encourage the monitoring of characteristic pollutants to be included in the local daily monitoring scope. We will carry out pilot projects for monitoring the water quality of rural drinking water sources and village rivers (reservoirs), promote the construction of air background stations or regional stations in typical rural areas, strengthen the construction of mobile monitoring capacity, improve the coverage rate of environmental monitoring in rural areas, and start the investigation and evaluation of rural environmental quality. Carry out biological monitoring. Promote the construction and application of environmental special satellites, establish a national ecological environment monitoring network combining satellite remote sensing monitoring with ground monitoring, and carry out ecological environment quality monitoring and evaluation. Building a national radiation environmental monitoring network.

　　Strengthen the construction of environmental early warning and emergency response system. Accelerate the construction of national, provincial and municipal automatic monitoring systems and establish early warning monitoring systems. Improve the basic, statistical and operational application capabilities of environmental information and build an environmental information resource center. By means of Internet of Things and electronic identification, the whole process of storage and transportation of dangerous chemicals is monitored. Strengthen the standardization of environmental emergency response capability. Strengthen the construction of environmental emergency and supervision institutions in key river basins and regions. We will improve the nuclear and radiation environmental monitoring system, establish a supervisory monitoring system for important nuclear facilities and a real-time online monitoring system for effluent from other nuclear facilities, and promote the construction of national nuclear and radiation safety supervision technology research and development bases, key laboratories and business buildings. Strengthen the emergency response and anti-terrorism capacity building of nuclear and radiation accidents, and improve the emergency decision-making, command and dispatch system and emergency material reserve.

　　Improve the ability to guarantee basic public services for environmental supervision. Establish funding guarantee channels and mechanisms, and ensure the operation of national and local environmental supervision networks, equipment update and maintenance and renovation of business premises in accordance with the operating funding quota standards and update mechanisms. Strengthen team building and improve the quality of personnel. Study and establish nuclear and radiation safety supervision and technical qualification management system for personnel in important positions of nuclear safety. Improve the training mechanism and strengthen the training of environmental supervisors at the city and county levels, especially in the central and western regions. Cultivate and introduce high-end talents. Regularly carry out environmental professional skills competitions.

　　VII. Implementing Major Environmental Protection Projects

　　In order to implement the objectives and tasks of environmental protection in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, it is necessary to actively implement various environmental protection projects (the investment demand for environmental protection in the whole society is about 3.4 trillion yuan), among which 8 key environmental protection projects are given priority and a number of environmental basic investigations and pilot demonstrations are carried out, with an investment demand of about 1.5 trillion yuan. It is necessary to make full use of the market mechanism to form a diversified investment pattern and ensure that the project investment is in place. Enterprises and local people’s governments at all levels are the main input to the project, and the central government gives support according to different situations. It is necessary to regularly carry out performance evaluation of engineering projects to improve investment efficiency.

　　Eight, improve policies and measures

　　(a) the implementation of environmental target responsibility system.

　　Formulate an index system for ecological civilization construction and incorporate it into the performance evaluation of local people’s governments at all levels. Implement a one-vote veto system for environmental protection. Continue to promote the assessment of total emission reduction of major pollutants and explore the supervision and assessment of environmental quality. Implement the environmental target responsibility system, regularly publish assessment results such as emission reduction of major pollutants, environmental quality, implementation of pollution prevention and control planning in key river basins, and conduct interviews with local governments that have not completed environmental protection targets or are responsible for major environmental emergencies, implement regional approval restrictions, and investigate relevant leadership responsibilities.

　　(2) Improve the comprehensive decision-making mechanism.

　　Improve the environmental management system in which the government is responsible, the environmental protection departments are unified in supervision and management, the relevant departments are coordinated, and the whole society participates together. Give full play to the role of the inter-ministerial joint meeting on environmental protection, and promote inter-departmental coordination and information sharing. The total amount control requirements of major pollutants, environmental capacity, environmental function zoning and environmental risk assessment are taken as the decision-making basis for regional and industrial development. Carry out environmental impact assessment on key river basins, regional development and industry development planning and construction projects according to law. Improve the linkage mechanism between planning environmental impact assessment and construction project environmental impact assessment. Improve the environmental protection acceptance system for construction projects. Strengthen the supervision and management of environmental impact assessment review. Conduct environmental impact assessment on the overall urban planning of key environmental protection cities, and explore the preparation of the overall urban environmental protection planning.

　　(3) Strengthening the construction of laws and regulations.

　　We will strengthen the basic research on the revision of laws such as the Environmental Protection Law, the Air Pollution Prevention Law, the Cleaner Production Promotion Law, the Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law, the Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention Law and the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, and study and formulate laws and regulations such as total pollutant control, drinking water source protection, soil environmental protection, pollutant discharge permit management, livestock and poultry breeding pollution prevention, motor vehicle pollution prevention, toxic and harmful chemicals management, nuclear safety and radioactive pollution prevention, and environmental pollution damage compensation.

　　Coordinate the formulation (revision) of environmental quality standards, pollutant discharge standards, nuclear power standards, civil nuclear safety equipment standards, environmental monitoring standards, environmental basic standards and environmental protection standards such as management standards. Improve the environmental quality standards of atmosphere, water, ocean and soil, improve the emission control requirements of conventional pollutants and toxic and harmful pollutants in pollutant emission standards, and strengthen the indirect emission control of water pollutants and the environmental quality monitoring requirements around enterprises. Promote the identification of environmental risk sources, environmental risk assessment and the construction of emergency environmental protection standards for environmental emergencies. Encourage local governments to formulate and implement local pollutant discharge standards.

　　(4) Improve environmental and economic policies.

　　Implement the electricity price policy of flue gas desulfurization in coal-fired power plants, study and formulate the electricity price policy of denitrification, and implement preferential policies for enterprises such as sewage treatment, sludge harmless treatment facilities, desulfurization and denitrification in non-power industries and garbage disposal facilities. For non-resident water use, the system of excessive progressive price increase should be gradually implemented, and the policy of differential water price should be implemented for high water consumption industries. Study on policies and measures to encourage "zero discharge" of enterprise wastewater. Improve the system of paid acquisition and use of emission rights and develop the emission trading market.

　　We will promote the reform of environmental taxes and fees and improve the system of sewage charges. Fully implement the polluter pays principle, improve the sewage treatment charging system, and the charging standard should gradually meet the needs of stable operation of sewage treatment facilities and harmless disposal of sludge. Reform the way of collecting garbage disposal fees, increase the intensity of collection, and moderately raise the standard of garbage disposal fees and financial subsidies.

　　Establish a credit evaluation system for corporate environmental behavior and increase credit support for enterprises and projects that meet environmental protection requirements and credit principles. Establish a green rating system for banks, and link the effectiveness of green credit with the performance evaluation, institutional access and business development of bank staff. Promote government green procurement, gradually increase the proportion of environmental protection products, and study and implement government procurement of environmental protection services. Formulate and improve the comprehensive list of environmental protection.

　　Explore the establishment of special funds for national ecological compensation. To study, formulate and implement regulations on ecological compensation. Establish ecological compensation mechanisms such as river basins and key ecological functional areas. Carry out the reserve system for sustainable development of resource-based enterprises.

　　(5) Strengthen scientific and technological support.

　　Improve the basic research and application ability of environmental science and technology. Consolidate the scientific basis for the formulation of environmental benchmarks and standards, and improve environmental management technical systems such as environmental investigation and evaluation, monitoring and early warning, and risk prevention. Promote the construction of national key environmental protection laboratories, engineering technology centers and field observation and research stations. Organize and implement major national science and technology projects such as water pollution control and treatment, and vigorously develop high-tech, key technologies and common technologies for pollution control, ecological protection and environmental risk prevention. Research and development of nitrogen oxides, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, dangerous chemicals and other control technologies and technologies suitable for China’s national conditions, such as soil remediation and agricultural non-point source pollution control. Vigorously promote the research and development of integrated control technologies such as desulfurization and denitrification integration, phosphorus and nitrogen removal integration and heavy metal removal. Strengthen the demonstration and popularization of advanced technology.

　　(6) Developing environmental protection industry.

　　Focusing on the needs of key projects, we will strengthen policy drive, vigorously promote the development of equipment manufacturing industry focusing on sewage treatment, garbage disposal, desulfurization and denitrification, soil remediation and environmental monitoring, and develop and demonstrate a number of new environmentally friendly materials, chemicals and environmentally friendly products. Promote the construction of cross-industry and cross-enterprise recycling consortia. We will implement the qualification licensing system for the operation of environmental protection facilities, promote the professionalization, socialization and marketization of the construction and operation of pollution facilities such as flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, urban sewage and garbage treatment, and hazardous waste treatment and disposal, and implement the franchise of flue gas desulfurization facilities. Formulate statistical standards for environmental protection industry. To study and formulate policies and measures to improve the level of environmental services such as project investment and financing, design and construction, facility operation and maintenance, technical consultation, cleaner production audit, product certification and personnel training.

　　(7) Increase investment.

　　Environmental protection should be included in the budgets of fiscal years at all levels and investment should be gradually increased. Timely increase the funding arrangements for environmental protection capacity building at the same level. Increase support for environmental protection in the central and western regions. Focusing on promoting the equalization of basic environmental public services and improving environmental quality, we will improve the general transfer payment system and increase the transfer payment for environmental protection in national key ecological function area, central and western regions and ethnic autonomous areas. We will deepen policies such as "promoting prevention with awards", "promoting governance with awards" and "replacing compensation with awards" and strengthen the guiding role of financial funds at all levels.

　　Promote the innovation of environmental financial products and improve the market-oriented financing mechanism. Explore the financing mode of emission mortgage. Promote the establishment of a combination of financial input, bank loans and social funds. Encourage qualified local financing platform companies to broaden the investment and financing channels of environmental protection by direct and indirect financing. Support qualified environmental protection enterprises to issue bonds or restructure and go public, and encourage qualified environmental protection listed companies to implement refinancing. Explore the development of financial leasing business of environmental protection equipment and facilities. Encourage the establishment of environmental protection industry development funds through multiple channels. Guide all kinds of venture capital enterprises, equity investment enterprises, social donations and international aid funds to increase investment in the field of environmental protection.

　　(8) Strict law enforcement and supervision.

　　Improve the system and mechanism of environmental monitoring, clarify the responsibilities and procedures of law enforcement, and improve the efficiency of law enforcement. Establish a cross-administrative environmental law enforcement cooperation mechanism and a departmental linkage law enforcement mechanism. We will carry out in-depth special actions to rectify illegal sewage enterprises and protect people’s health and environmental protection, improve the punishment methods for environmental violations, and strengthen law enforcement. Continue to carry out environmental safety supervision to eliminate potential environmental safety hazards. Strengthen environmental supervision to undertake industrial transfer. Deepen the supervision system of river basins, regions and industries, such as approval restriction and listing supervision. Carry out supervision after the implementation of environmental laws and regulations and the rectification of environmental problems, and improve the accountability system for major environmental incidents and pollution accidents. Encourage the establishment of environmental protection courts.

　　(9) Give full play to the enthusiasm of local people’s governments.

　　Further deepen the incentive measures for environmental protection and give full play to the enthusiasm of local people’s governments in preventing and controlling environmental pollution. Further improve the comprehensive evaluation system of leading cadres’ political achievements, guide local people’s governments at all levels to put environmental protection in a prominent position in the overall work, and study and solve major environmental protection problems in the region in a timely manner. Improve the central environmental protection investment management mechanism and drive local people’s governments to increase investment. Promote the pilot project of ecological civilization construction, and encourage the establishment of environmental protection model cities and ecological demonstration areas.

　　(ten) departments to promote environmental protection.

　　Environmental protection departments should strengthen the guidance, coordination, supervision and comprehensive management of environmental protection. Comprehensive departments such as development, reform and finance should formulate fiscal, taxation, industry, price and investment policies that are conducive to environmental protection. Science and technology departments should strengthen research and development and demonstration support for key technologies such as controlling pollutant emissions and improving environmental quality. Industrial departments should intensify the technological transformation of enterprises, strictly enter industries, improve the exit mechanism of backward production capacity, and strengthen the prevention and control of industrial pollution. Land and resources departments should control the development of ecological land, strengthen the environmental restoration of mineral resources development, and ensure the construction land of key environmental protection projects. Housing and urban-rural construction departments should strengthen the construction and operation management of urban and rural sewage and garbage treatment facilities. Transportation, railways and other departments should strengthen the ecological environment protection in the construction and transportation of highways, railways, ports and waterways. Water conservancy departments should optimize the utilization and allocation of water resources, make overall plans to coordinate the use of water for living, production and operation and ecological environment, strictly manage the sewage outlets entering the river, strengthen the management and protection of water resources, and strengthen the control of soil erosion. The agricultural sector should strengthen the guidance and guidance on the scientific application of fertilizers and pesticides, strengthen the prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution, agricultural water conservation, agricultural species resources, aquatic biological resources, fishery waters and grassland ecological protection, and strengthen the management of exotic species. Commercial departments should strictly control the pollution of hotels and restaurants, promote green trade and deal with trade environmental barriers. Health departments should actively promote environmental and health-related work and increase the construction of heavy metal diagnosis and treatment system. Customs departments should strengthen supervision over the entry and exit of wastes,Intensify the investigation and punishment of behaviors that endanger environmental safety, such as smuggling waste, and block the illegal cross-border transfer of hazardous waste. Forestry departments should strengthen forestry ecological construction. Tourism departments should rationally develop tourism resources and strengthen environmental protection in tourist areas. The energy sector should rationally regulate the total energy consumption, implement strategic adjustment of energy structure and improve energy utilization efficiency. Meteorological departments should strengthen meteorological monitoring and early warning services for prevention and control of air pollution and comprehensive management of water environment, as well as meteorological emergency response services for nuclear safety and radioactive pollution. The marine department should strengthen marine ecological protection, promote the construction of marine protected areas, and strengthen environmental supervision of marine engineering and marine dumping.

　　(eleven) actively guide the participation of the whole people.

　　Implement the national environmental education action plan and mobilize the whole society to participate in environmental protection. Promote green creation activities and advocate green production and lifestyle. Improve the system of news release and disclosure of major environmental information. Promote the disclosure of urban environmental quality, key pollution sources, drinking water quality in key cities, enterprise environment and safety information of nuclear power plants, and establish a compulsory disclosure system for environmental information involving enterprises that discharge toxic and harmful substances. Guide enterprises to further enhance their sense of social responsibility. Establish and improve the reporting system of environmental protection, unblock the complaint channels of environmental letters and visits, 12369 environmental hotline, online mailbox, etc., and encourage the implementation of reward reporting. Support environmental public interest litigation.

　　(12) Strengthening international environmental cooperation.

　　Strengthen environmental cooperation with other countries and international organizations, actively introduce foreign advanced environmental protection concepts, management models, pollution control technologies and funds, and publicize China’s environmental protection policies and progress. Vigorously promote the implementation of international environmental conventions, nuclear safety and radioactive waste management safety conventions, improve the domestic coordination mechanism, increase the input of the central government to the implementation work, and explore the guarantee mechanism of the implementation funds combining international resources with funds from other channels.

　　Actively participate in environmental and trade-related negotiations and the formulation of relevant rules, strengthen the coordination between environment and trade, and safeguard China’s environmental rights and interests. Study and adjust the import and export tariff policies for products with high pollution and high environmental risks to curb the export of products with high energy consumption and high emissions. We will comprehensively strengthen environmental supervision of import and export trade, prohibit the introduction of products, technologies and facilities that do not meet environmental protection standards, and vigorously promote green trade.

　　Nine, strengthen organizational leadership and evaluation.

　　The local people’s government is the main body responsible for the implementation of the plan. It is necessary to incorporate the planning objectives, tasks, measures and key projects into the overall plan for national economic and social development in the region, and take the implementation of the plan as an important part of the comprehensive assessment and evaluation of leading cadres of local governments. All relevant departments in the State Council should carry out their duties, cooperate closely, improve the system and mechanism, increase capital investment, and promote the implementation of the plan. To the end of 2013 and the end of 2015, respectively, the implementation of the plan for the mid-term evaluation and final assessment, evaluation and assessment results to the State Council, announced to the public, and as an important part of the local people’s government performance assessment.

　　CCTV News:The Spring Festival is getting closer and closer, and the promotion activities of merchants have also entered the peak period. The annual activity of grabbing blessing bags in the Spring Festival is on the scene in Nanjing Road, Shanghai, attracting a large number of customers.

　　Early in the morning, the temperature on the streets of Shanghai was not high, but the people waiting to grab the blessing bags still lined up several times on the pedestrian street, and some even came to queue up the night before.

　　At 9: 20, the mall opened 40 minutes earlier. In the atrium on the first floor, the red blessing bags are piled up into hills.

　　In 2024, there were more than 1,100 blessing bags in the atrium, including random ones, department stores, restaurants, food and other blessing bags.

　　In just over 20 minutes, popular blessing bags such as food coupons were sold out. In addition to atrium blessing bags, nearly 400 brands in shopping malls have also produced nearly 10,000 blessing bags. At the beauty counter, many blessing bags are under 50% off, and gold jewelry counters and even gold jewelry can be bought at 45% off.

　　Kunming, Yunnan: Fruit sales rose and prices were stable.

　　In the new year’s goods list, fruit is a must for every household. How was the fruit market these days before the festival?

　　Recently, this fruit wholesale market in Kunming has been a lively scene, with frequent traffic and dazzling fruits. According to merchants, at present, most fruit prices are relatively stable.

　　With the recent fruit sales entering a small peak, among them, the sales of apples, which means prosperous and safe, have increased significantly.

　　In addition to apples, hot-selling fruits include cherries. Since the merchants are well stocked in 2024, the price has not changed much.

　　The reporter also visited another farmer’s market. Some merchants said that it is estimated that the price and sales volume of cherries wholesale will increase slightly two days before the Spring Festival.

　　Near the Spring Festival, online and offline sales of nut snacks are hot.

　　Less than half a month before the Spring Festival, the wholesale market of dried fruits and roasted seeds and nuts began to be lively. The trading volume of various specialty nut snacks has increased significantly, and many manufacturers have also increased their sales through live broadcast.

　　Online sales of snacks also increased significantly. In a live broadcast base in Lin ‘an, Zhejiang, the anchors are taking turns to recommend different kinds of nut snacks.

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