[car home Information] A few days ago, we learned from the official that (|) will be rolled off the assembly line on May 17th, and the pre-sale of this car has been started before, with a total of three models, with the pre-sale price range of 28,900-34,900 yuan. Pentium Pony locates a mini electric vehicle with three doors and four seats, with a pure battery life of 122km/170km under CLTC conditions.

　　Looking back at the new car, its appearance cancels the design of China Net, and the charging port is below the new LOGO. There are two Q-cute headlights on the front face, and the high-profile models will also provide LED light sources and have different color schemes. In terms of body size, its length, width and height are 3000/1510/1630mm and its wheelbase is 1953 mm.

　　In terms of interior, the interior is relatively simple, but the overall color scheme is bold. It only provides an all-LCD instrument panel, and other control functions are mainly operated by physical buttons. The overall shape is similar to the handle style of the game machine, and the gearbox knob is also located on the center console. This design makes a more spacious space between the two seats in the front row.

　　In the configuration part, the new car comes standard with the main driver airbag and front and rear seat belts. In the multimedia entertainment system, the car has functions such as radio, USB music and mobile phone Bluetooth. At the same time, the high-profile models provide a 7-inch LCD instrument combination screen and reversing images. At the same time, it also supports remote control of mobile App, which can realize remote unlocking and remote car search.

　　In terms of power, Pentium Pony is equipped with a single motor, with a maximum power of 20 kW and a peak torque of 85 Nm. It is equipped with a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, which has a pure battery life of 122km/170km under CLTC working conditions and supports the switching between sports and economy driving modes. At the same time, the slow charging port of the car is located under the central cover of the front face, and there is also a glass water filling port on the left side of the charging port. (Compile/car home Guo Chen)

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 20th Question: Let "rare diseases" no longer be "orphans"-What is the expectation of "one pill" for patients with major diseases?

Xinhua News Agency reporters Xiao Sisi, Liao Jun, Bao Xiaojing and Lin Miaomiao

Following the price reduction of some anticancer drugs and medical insurance, "ensuring the use of drugs for 20 million patients with rare diseases" was put on the agenda and attracted much attention. Recently, the State Council held an executive meeting to deploy measures to strengthen the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer and drug security, and decided to give VAT concessions to rare drugs.

From frequently-occurring and common diseases to rare and difficult diseases, the state has played a "combination boxing" to meet the expectations of patients with major diseases for "one pill".

Prevention and treatment of rare diseases play a "combination boxing"

Rare diseases are often called "medical orphans" because of their few clinical cases and little experience, which leads to high misdiagnosis, high missed diagnosis and difficult medication.

Feifei, a two-year-old boy from Hefei, Anhui, suffers from "painless anhidrosis". He often bites his fingers until they are bloody and pulls out his four teeth with his hands, but there is no pain. There are only about 100 cases of this rare disease in the world.

Feifei’s "painless anhidrosis" is one of the more than 7,000 rare diseases confirmed at present. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, rare diseases refer to diseases in which the number of patients accounts for 0.65 ‰-1 ‰ of the total population, including gradual freezing, "glass man" (hemophilia), "puppet man" (multiple sclerosis), involuntary dancing (Huntington’s disease), limp children (spinal muscular atrophy), PNH (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria) and so on. In fact, rare diseases are not rare. There are more than 7,000 rare diseases, and the total number of patients with all rare diseases in China has reached more than 20 million …

Pan Longfei, 30, is a patient with Kalman syndrome. This is a rare hereditary disease. Because of hypogonadism, patients suffer from hypoplasia or loss of secondary sexual characteristics, in addition to the loss of sense of smell.

"I was diagnosed at the age of 23." Pan Longfei said that since he was a child, he was thinner and sicker than others. From the age of 6, his parents took him everywhere for medical advice, and it was not until he was 23 years old that he was diagnosed. Every two or three days, he needs to inject human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to maintain hormone balance in the body. Pan Longfei said that there is a saying in the industry that "rare diseases are rare, but doctors who can see rare diseases are actually even rarer."

Zhang Shuyang, vice president of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, believes that "from caring for frequently-occurring and common diseases to caring for rare and difficult diseases, especially rare diseases with poor prognosis, caring for patients with rare diseases is the embodiment of social development and civilization, and also represents the fairness and justice of medical treatment. The standardization of diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases and the development of orphan drugs will also drive the development of the overall level of medicine. "

In the past year, the country gradually standardized the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases.

The 2018 edition of the National Essential Medicines Catalogue and the First Batch of Rare Diseases Catalogue jointly formulated by five departments including the National Health and Wellness Commission have been published one after another … Cancer and rare disease patients have ushered in hope.

Recently, from cancer to rare diseases, the state once again introduced a "combination boxing" for the prevention and treatment of major diseases.

-ensuring medication for patients with rare diseases. Following the State Council’s inclusion of supporting "orphan drugs" in the key task of deepening medical reform in the 13th Five-Year Plan in December 2016, on February 11th this year, the Standing Committee of the State Council decided to give value-added tax concessions to drugs with rare diseases. From March 1st, for the first batch of 21 medicines with rare diseases and 4 APIs, VAT will be levied at a reduced rate of 3% for the import link with reference to anticancer drugs, and at home, VAT can be levied at a simple rate of 3%.

On February 15th, official website, National Health Commission issued the Notice of the General Office of the National Health and Wellness Commission on Establishing a National Collaborative Network for Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Diseases, and selected 324 hospitals with strong diagnosis and treatment capabilities and more cases as collaborative network hospitals to form a collaborative network for diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases.

According to Wang Ping, Director of the Department of Drug Registration of National Medical Products Administration, a special review mechanism has been established for overseas new drugs that are urgently needed in clinic, and the first batch of 48 varieties that are urgently needed in clinic have been selected, including therapeutic drugs for rare diseases and some drugs that are seriously life-threatening. The approval time for therapeutic drugs for rare diseases is concluded within 3 months, and for other urgently needed therapeutic drugs, it is concluded within 6 months. In 2018, 18 new anticancer drugs were approved, an increase of 157% over 2017.

Shorten the "reflex arc" of policy dividends to the grassroots.

Reporters at the grassroots level found that the inability to buy medicine and the high cost of treatment have become a "life and death test" for patients with rare diseases.

The number of patients with some drugs is too small, pharmaceutical companies are unwilling to produce, and patients have no drugs available.

Zhang Shuyang said that among the 121 diseases listed in the first list of rare diseases, there are 54 medicines available for 39 diseases. Among them, 29 drugs listed in China can treat 21 diseases. There are also most rare diseases for which no medicine is available.

Some drugs for rare diseases are expensive, which makes patients daunting. Qin Jiong, director of pediatrics at Peking University People’s Hospital, said that in the United States, the average annual treatment cost for patients with rare diseases is $137,000, a large proportion of which is medicine.

In Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Xiao Yuzhe, who is more than one year old, lies quietly in his mother’s arms, his palm-sized face is covered by a mask, and his small hand is stuck with an indwelling needle. Xiao Yuzhe has been in the hospital for nearly five months.

"Langerhans histiocytosis-his father and I were stunned after hearing the doctor’s diagnosis. Two people sat outside holding their mobile phones and found out that they were crying with their children." Yuzhe’s mother counted with her fingers, and she has spent more than 110,000 yuan since she was admitted to the hospital. "I heard that the follow-up treatment will cost more than 100,000 yuan."

"cladribine, a needle costs more than 7000 yuan, one course of treatment takes 5 sticks, and the follow-up takes 3 or 4 courses. This does not include the cost of other therapeutic drugs. " Li Hui, deputy director of the oncology department of the hospital, said that Yu Zhe’s disease can’t be regarded as leukemia, and it can’t rely on solid tumors. He can’t even enjoy the policy of serious illness relief. This time, the country has published a list of rare diseases, and recently, the tax burden of these rare drugs has been greatly reduced, and the prices should be lowered accordingly, which brings a glimmer of hope to the families of rare patients like Yuzhe’s mother.

Due to the small amount of drugs used for rare diseases and the large investment of enterprises in drug research and development, the drugs for rare diseases produced in China are often scarce or expensive. However, this situation has gradually improved.

For example, Professor Liu Li, Chairman of the Rare Diseases Branch of Guangdong Medical Association and Director of the Department of Genetics and Endocrinology of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, used to want to get drugs for treating rare diseases, but they could not be bought through formal channels. After the patient tried his best to buy the medicine, the hospital dared not give it to the patient. "With the introduction of a series of policies, some therapeutic drugs included in the list of rare diseases have quickly entered the China market through the green channel."

Reporters in Guangdong, Anhui, Hubei and other places learned that 17 kinds of anticancer drugs negotiated by the state have landed, and patients can enjoy medical insurance reimbursement. According to the Anhui Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau, while ensuring the implementation of 17 kinds of anticancer drug policies negotiated by the state, Anhui implemented quantity procurement for another 13 kinds of anticancer drugs at the end of 2018, and the average price of these 13 kinds of drugs dropped by 39.52%. For example, the drug with the biggest drop is gefitinib tablets for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, from more than 1,000 yuan per box to more than 400 yuan.

What other "prescriptions" are eagerly awaited by the masses?

At the grassroots level, what are the eager hopes for patients with major diseases to use drugs?

-Strengthen the research and development of new drugs and improve the accessibility of patients’ medication.

Ensuring the supply of orphan drugs is the basis for patients with rare diseases to "save their lives".

Experts from Beijing and Guangzhou believe that it is an indisputable fact that many patients with rare diseases are prone to early disability and young death. It is imperative for hospitals to buy medicines first.

Li Hui and other experts believe that the treatment of rare diseases mainly depends on drugs, and the proportion of drug expenditure in the main medical expenditure of patients with rare diseases often reaches 80% or even higher. The preferential tax on import has brought positive influence to the market of rare disease drugs. If patients with rare diseases can afford high-end drugs, the fundamental solution is to strengthen the production and research of independent drugs.

Yan Shijie, director of gynecology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, believes that "orphan medicine" needs the support of national policies, directional production, tax reduction and exemption, and at the same time, the establishment of national reserve system and alarm mechanism to adjust supply and demand in time.

-Accelerate the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment system for major diseases such as cancer, promote the screening of rare diseases and cancers, and make efforts to reduce the mortality rate.

Early screening and early treatment are the first line of defense-according to clinical statistics, more than 80% of rare diseases are caused by heredity. Li Long, chief physician of Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, believes that the establishment of prenatal screening and physical examination for children is the cheapest and most efficient means to prevent and treat rare diseases. In addition, improving the standardized diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases nationwide, especially strengthening preventive treatment, can prevent them in advance and reduce the disability and death of rare diseases.

Liu Li believes that the establishment of the national rare disease cooperation network is to make the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases relatively centralized and two-way referral, reduce misdiagnosis and mistreatment, and give patients with rare diseases who have already developed a more suitable diagnosis and treatment plan.

-Optimizing the medical security system. Clinical experts believe that some targeted drugs and immunotherapy are expensive, and it is necessary to establish a multi-level security system and a multi-payment system as soon as possible.

Hao Chunpeng, president of China Medical Insurance Magazine, believes that it is necessary to establish a multi-level medical security system, provide social support through medical assistance and charity, and make various high-level supplements through commercial insurance to ensure people’s different levels of medical needs.

　

　　Yale University scientists revealed the gradual process of quantum transition through a high-speed photography technology. Quantum jump has once again become a buzzword, and it has set off a debate about whether quantum mechanics is random or continuous.

　　As a theory to understand the atomic scale world, quantum mechanics has a core concept that is extremely radical, bold and counterintuitive, and even becomes a buzzword, that is "quantum transition". Most pioneers of quantum mechanics believe that quantum transitions are "random and instantaneous".

　　A new experiment shows that this is not the case. The research was completed by Zlatko Minev, a graduate student of Mike de Vorreith Laboratory of Yale University. He and his colleagues revealed the gradual process of quantum transition through a high-speed photography technique. This achievement was recently published in the journal Nature.

　　The significance of the experiment may be far more than that: researchers use the high-speed detection system to "catch" the quantum transition when it is about to be marked, and then reverse it to restore the system to its initial state.

　　As a result, the inevitable stochastic processes in quantum physics are now proved to be controllable — — Can people really control quantum?

　　Debate on quantum transition

　　Unlike Bohr and Heisenberg’s quantum theory, Schrodinger believes that there is no quantum transition.

　　In the mid-1920s, physicists niels bohr, Werner Heisenberg and colleagues established quantum theory. Bohr first proposed the concept of quantum transition, but it was not observed in the laboratory until the 1980s. This theory is collectively called Copenhagen interpretation.

　　Bohr proposed earlier that the energy levels (i.e. energy states) of electrons in atoms are quantized, that is, electrons can only use certain energy levels, while all intermediate energy levels are forbidden. He assumes that electrons change their energy by absorbing or releasing light quantum particles, that is, photons, and the energy of photons matches the energy gap between the allowed electronic States. This explains why atoms and molecules can absorb or release light with specific wavelengths. For example, many copper-containing salts are blue, while sodium lamps emit yellow light.

　　In a set of mathematical theories developed by Bohr and Heisenberg, which can explain quantum phenomena, Heisenberg listed all the allowed quantum states, suggesting that the transitions between these quantum states are instantaneous and discontinuous. The concept of instantaneous quantum transition has become a basic concept in Copenhagen.

　　However, the Austrian physicist Erwin Schr?dinger, another founder of quantum mechanics, did not agree with this view. In Schrodinger’s theory, he represented quantum particles by wave-like entities of wave functions. Their changes were gentle, and they changed continuously with time, just like gentle waves on the vast sea.

　　Schrodinger believes that things in the real world will not suddenly change greatly without spending a little time, and discontinuous quantum transitions are just an illusion in my mind. In an article entitled "Is there a quantum jump" published in 1952, Schrodinger firmly replied: "No."

　　The focus of the debate between them is not just whether Schrodinger likes sudden changes, but that Bohr and others claim that quantum transitions will occur randomly, but they can’t say why it is that particular time. This is like a result without reason, which is undoubtedly a great challenge to the law of natural causality.

　　In order to explore deeply, people need to observe a single quantum transition. In 1986, three international research teams reported that they observed quantum transitions in a single atom suspended by an electromagnetic field: the atom switches back and forth between a "bright" state and a "dark" state, in which the atom emits a photon, while in a "dark" state it does not emit photons randomly; The atom stays in one of these states for a few tenths of a second to a few seconds, and then jumps again.

　　Since then, people have observed such transitions in different systems, including the transition of photons between different quantum states and the transition of atoms of solid materials between quantized magnetized states. In 2007, a French research team reported that a transition was found, which was in line with what they described as the process of "a single photon from birth, activity to death".

　　In these experiments, the transition really seems to be sudden and random, because even if the quantum system is monitored, no one can tell when the transition will occur, and there is no specific image showing the transition.

　　Capture quantum transition

　　The experiment of Yale University can not only predict the transition, but also reverse it.

　　How exactly did Yale University do this experiment?

　　Generally speaking, they use a special method to indirectly monitor superconducting artificial atoms, that is, three microwave generators are used to irradiate atoms enclosed in an aluminum three-dimensional cavity. This dual indirect monitoring method developed for superconducting circuits enables researchers to observe atoms with unprecedented efficiency. They found that every time a quantum jump occurs, a tiny photon disappearance phenomenon will occur, which can be regarded as an early warning signal.

　　Minev, the first author of the paper, said: "Using this phenomenon, we can not only predict the transition, but even reverse the transition."

　　The researchers said that although quantum transitions are discrete and random in the long run, preventing quantum transitions means that the evolution of quantum States is deterministic to some extent, rather than completely random; Transitions always occur from their random starting points in the same and predictable way.

　　The quantum system used by researchers is much larger than atoms, and it is composed of cables made of superconducting materials, sometimes called "artificial atoms" because they have discrete quantum energy states, similar to the electronic states in real atoms. Transitions between energy states can be induced by absorbing or releasing a photon, just like electronic transitions in atoms.

　　Some scientists believe that this research may also be applied to quantum computing error correction. However, the real value of the experimental results lies not in any practical application, but in our understanding of the quantum mechanical system.

　　How can Schrodinger’s cat be saved

　　Through correct monitoring, we can observe an early warning signal and take action.

　　Schrodinger’s cat paradox explains the concept of "superposition" in quantum physics (that is, two opposite states can coexist) and unpredictability: a cat is placed in a sealed box with a radioactive source and a poison in it. If one atom of radioactive material decays, it will release poison. According to the superposition theory of quantum physics, before someone opened the box, the cat in it was both alive and dead, that is, in the superposition state of two States. Once the box is opened and the cat’s life and death are observed, its quantum state will change immediately and become one of "dead" or "alive".

　　Yale University’s research shows that an early warning signal can be observed during quantum transition, which makes Schrodinger’s cat saved.

　　Because the decay of nuclear is a random event, physicists only know the probability of its decay, and can’t know when it decays. If the nucleus decays, releasing alpha particles, triggering the electronic switch, the hammer falls, smashing the poison bottle and releasing cyanide gas, the cat will be poisoned.

　　If physicists don’t open the lid of the secret room, it is uncertain whether the cat is dead or alive, and it is in a superposition state of both death and life. Only when the lid is lifted can we know for sure whether the cat is dead or alive. In this way, the microscopic uncertainty principle has become a macroscopic uncertainty principle.

　　Yale University researchers use an indirect observation method in the experiment, which is also a "weak measurement" method widely used in the field of quantum information, and will not disturb the observed object. Researchers believe that the transition of a particle is neither as sudden nor as random as previously thought, and the evolution of quantum state is deterministic rather than random to some extent. Theoretically, through correct monitoring, we can definitely find the warning of the coming disaster, and take action before the disaster, and remove the poison bottle at the moment when the nuclear decay is predicted, so Schrodinger’s cat was saved. Minev said: "The quantum transition of atoms is somewhat similar to volcanic eruption. In the long run, they are completely unpredictable. Nevertheless, through correct monitoring, we can accurately get the early warning of the impending disaster and take action before it happens. "

　　The foundation of quantum mechanics has not been affected.

　　The paper clearly shows that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theory of quantum mechanics.

　　According to von Neumann’s summary, quantum mechanics has two basic processes, one is deterministic evolution according to Schrodinger equation, and the other is random collapse of quantum superposition state caused by measurement. Schrodinger equation is the core equation of quantum mechanics, which is deterministic and has nothing to do with randomness. Then the randomness of quantum mechanics only comes from measurement.

　　This randomness of measurement is what Einstein can’t understand. He used the metaphor that "God can’t roll the dice" to oppose randomness of measurement. However, countless experiments have confirmed that the result of directly measuring a quantum superposition state is random. In order to solve this problem, many interpretations of quantum mechanics have been born, among which three mainstream interpretations are Copenhagen interpretation, multi-world interpretation and consistent historical interpretation.

　　According to Copenhagen interpretation, measurement will lead to the collapse of quantum state, that is, quantum state will be destroyed instantly and fall to an eigenstate randomly; According to the multi-world interpretation, every measurement is a division of the world, and the results of all eigenstates exist, but they are completely independent of each other and do not interfere with each other. We are just randomly in a certain world; Consistent historical interpretation introduces quantum decoherence process, which solves the problem from superposition state to classical probability distribution. However, in choosing which classical probability, it still goes back to the debate between Copenhagen interpretation and multi-world interpretation.

　　Professor Li Chuanfeng from the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information of China Academy of Sciences told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that these interpretations predicted the same physical results, and they could not be falsified, so the physical meanings were equivalent. Therefore, the academic circles mainly adopted Copenhagen interpretation, that is, the word collapse represented the randomness of measuring quantum states.

　　"The experiment of Yale scholars has not affected the foundation of quantum mechanics, that is, the inherent uncertainty of quantum mechanics." Li Chuanfeng said that the quantum transition is certain for the wave function itself, just like a dice, and it is certain that it can’t roll 7 points. The wave function can calculate how the particle probability cloud in quantum state evolves, but once the measurement problem is involved, the Schrodinger equation cannot be solved. The only way is to calculate the probability of particles, such as position probability, momentum probability and so on.

　　"In fact, as early as 1986, a research team confirmed through experiments that quantum transitions take time. Yale University found that quantum transitions not only take time, but also send out an early warning signal before each transition. " Li Chuanfeng said that this is like saying that someone wants to jump long, but it is impossible to predict when he will take off, but before jumping forward, his body will lean forward and raise his arm to swing back and forth, and there is a definite causal relationship between these two things. Just hit him as soon as he raises his arm, and he won’t jump. However, when this early warning signal appears is still probabilistic. As for the "overturning quantum mechanics and overturning the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics" circulating on the Internet, it is not involved in the experiment at all, and it is clearly stated in the paper that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theory of quantum mechanics.

"I raise the banner for Hebei Cultural Travel"

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　 　 　 　 On the social networks where Zhihu, Douban and other young artists gather, there has never been a lack of such topics as "XX absolutely beautiful unpopular songs" and "Recommend some popular music that is nice but not popular". There is no distinction between the public and the minority in the genre of music. The so-called minority or unpopular music is mostly defined according to the amount of play or the audience.

　 　 　 　　Van adib, CEO of eCast, discovered the famous "98 Rule" in his research on digital music, that is, the audience has unlimited demand for 98% of non-popular music, and the market for non-popular music collections is enormous and boundless.

　 　 　 　　On the one hand, there is a strong user demand, and on the other hand, there is a huge market prospect. How to recommend these 98% unpopular songs to the audience has been tried by music service providers all over the world, as has the domestic online music platform, and Netease Cloud Music, which stands out by virtue of the unique positioning of the music community, is one of the best. Compared with the average utilization rate of music libraries below 20% in the industry, Netease Cloud Music has reached 80% of "going against the sky". In addition to the ingenuity of products, Netease Cloud Music has mainly done two things right.

1. Reconstruct the music recommendation method.

　 　 　 　　Netease Cloud Music was launched in April 2013. At that time, most of the music software on the market was "music library+player", which played the role of listening to songs. It is not difficult to understand the phenomenon mentioned at the beginning of this article. Users can’t find their favorite music in the music player, and interest-oriented online communities have become a natural medium for discovering and sharing music.

　 　 　 　　The appearance of Netease Cloud Music has changed the traditional music recommendation method, mainly in two aspects, one is song list, and the other is personalized recommendation.

　 　 　 　　Let’s start with the song list, which is similar to the song sharing article on Douban, but it is transferred from a third-party social platform to a music APP, which is also in line with the positioning of Netease Cloud Music Music Community. The song list has realized two direct functions. In the past, the chaotic song collection was solved after joining the song list. In the past, users had a strong dependence on various lists to find songs, which actually accelerated the difference between popular and non-popular. Songs appearing on the list will be heard by more people, while music outside the list may become a long tail. On Netease Cloud Music, song list has replaced the list as a popular listening behavior.

　 　 　 　　Up to now, the number of high-quality song lists created by users on Netease Cloud Music has exceeded 200 million, with an average of 420,000 song lists created every day. This figure far exceeds the posts recommended by music on social platforms. Through the song list, users can find the music they listen to at work, the lullaby they listen to when they are insomnia, the unpopular music they can’t miss, and even the background music of PPT. Not only has it solved the pain points of users, but for Netease Cloud Music itself, the song list has become a "trump card" to maintain the stickiness of users.

　 　 　 　　Personalized recommendation is another initiative to solve the problem that users find good music, so Netease Cloud Music is also called a music player that "knows you better than your mother".

　 　 　 　　The great god in Zhihu has a professional explanation for the recommendation mechanism of Netease Cloud Music, which is mainly divided into two parts in algorithm, the recommendation of similar people and the recommendation of similar songs. As the name implies, similar songs mainly Tag songs in the music library, and push music with similar tags or the same tags according to users’ listening habits. The recommendation of similar people refers to modeling according to users’ listening habits, and screening out people with similar tastes. For example, A and B belong to the same kind of people, and the songs that A likes are probably the ones that B is willing to listen to.

　 　 　 　　Through song list and personalized recommendation, Netease Cloud Music has established a recommendation mechanism of "algorithm+labor +UGC", which not only satisfies the interest of users, but also ensures the quality of products.

　 　 　 　　There is a "story from Netease cloud music to the real world" circulating on the Internet. GalenCrew is a relatively small singer in both China and the United States, but his single Sleepyhead has tens of thousands of comments on Netease cloud music. Finally, Galen began to tour in China, and the venue was full.

2. Break the barriers of music sharing

　 　 　 　　Music sharing in the traditional sense is mostly word of mouth or shared on social networking platforms. After all, it is still the active sharing of users. Especially for minority music, many listeners have a mentality of "like it but don’t want it to be popular", and it is difficult for traditional sharing methods to break this boundary.

　 　 　 　　In essence, the song list and personalized recommendation on Netease Cloud Music also belong to the category of sharing. The song list was created spontaneously by users and found and collected by "music friends" with similar interests, among which there were many song lists with hundreds of thousands or even millions of listeners. According to the personalized recommendation of similar people, the sharing process was imperceptibly completed.

　 　 　 　　However, what Netease Cloud Music enjoys in sharing is the positioning and comment mechanism of the music community. The former meets the needs of users to share good music, so that good music can be shared with like-minded people, which is in line with the behavior habits of minority music lovers. Many listeners of minority music have their own circles. They recognize each other’s identity and values and enjoy the sense of security that this group gives them. And this kind of people in the hope of independence and eager to communicate, we strive to expand the small circle, while trying to control the small circle in the illusion of independence. Compared with popular social channels, Netease Cloud Music’s vertical socialization is just what it wants.

　 　 　 　　But music itself is also a commodity, and it is bound to be tagged. When we listen to songs, the background data of online music is constantly tagging us. The so-called niche only exists in data algorithms. This kind of label is a good thing for the promotion of minority music. Compared with the promotion for individuals, the label-oriented group has more advantages in both accuracy and cost. How to recommend minority music to more people’s ears according to this feature? Netease Cloud Music chose the comment mechanism.

　 　 　 　　The Indonesian song "Bila" has 25,000 comments on Netease Cloud Music, and the most praised comments are 46,000.

　 　 　 　　Yes, it’s a comment, not a grade. According to the rules of scoring, users score their favorite or disliked music, and then find out similar user groups on the difference of scoring. However, if there is a score, there will be a brush score, which will lead to irrational behavior of the user group and even cause the loss of users in a large area. In addition, letting users rate songs that have been listened to for a few minutes increases the cognitive cost of users, and it is also a kind of harm to music itself. Music has no advantages or disadvantages, only likes and dislikes.

　 　 　 　　Netease Cloud Music’s comment mechanism has achieved results. At present, it has generated 400 million comments, and users have generated 640,000 music comments every day. More than 50% of users have developed the habit of commenting while listening to songs. Compared with the digital rating, this kind of comment entrusts users with more emotional factors, such as excellent comments will be praised at the top. Moreover, music criticism itself is a kind of sharing, and it is a way for users to express their love for works. Even some relatively unpopular music still gets tens of thousands of comments.

　 　 　 　　Almost all fields are looking for explosions, such as e-commerce, IP, and even music. But distributing pop music to more people is an ability to bring more fans to minority music or unpopular songs. This is feelings.

Source: China Network

　　Cctv newsAt present, world economic and trade growth is slowing down and external uncertainties are increasing. However, looking at the economic data of foreign trade, China’s foreign trade exports still show a good momentum of contrarian growth. This fully shows that the basic trend of China’s economic stability and long-term improvement has not changed.

　　According to the data of the General Administration of Customs, the total import and export value of China’s goods trade in 2019 was 31.54 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.4%. Among them, the export of goods was 17.23 trillion yuan, an increase of 5%; The trade surplus was 2.92 trillion yuan, an increase of 25.4%. China is expected to continue to maintain its position as the largest country in global trade in goods.

　　Behind the exciting data is the strong resilience, potential and room for maneuver of China’s economy.

　　China is the largest manufacturing country in the world, with a complete, independent and complete modern industrial system. The output of more than 220 kinds of industrial products in China ranks first in the world, and domestic industries provide strong support for the development of foreign trade.

　　China also has a large number of foreign trade enterprises. In 2019, there were as many as 499,000 foreign trade enterprises with actual import and export activities.

　　It is worth mentioning that in 2019, China’s private enterprises’ exports increased by 13%, imports increased by 8.4%, and the proportion of exports reached 51.9%, surpassing foreign-invested enterprises for the first time and becoming China’s largest foreign trade subject.

　　… … … …

　　Sheng Laiyun, deputy director of the National Bureau of Statistics, said in an interview with Focus Interview: "This fully shows that, first, the policies and measures adopted by the China government to stabilize foreign trade according to the changes in the situation are powerful and effective; Second, China products are competitive. "

　　In 2019, the export of mechanical and electrical products in China was 10.06 trillion yuan, up 4.4%, accounting for 58.4% of the total export value. Among them, the export of electrical and electronic products was 4.63 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.4%; The export of machinery and equipment was 2.87 trillion yuan, up by 1.4%.

　　China’s export trade has achieved contrarian growth, thanks to the deepening of supply-side structural reforms. According to the column of Economic Daily, only by strengthening independent innovation, speeding up industrial upgrading and actively adapting to the world market demand can we build more and better brands in China. Liu Qiao, dean of Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, also said: "China has participated in the global industrial division of labor for decades, and has accumulated many core competitive advantages over the years."

　　On September 6, 2018, in the railway container yard of Manzhouli Port, the staff of the shunting team was commanding the trailer. Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia, has developed into an important transportation hub on the Eurasian logistics channel relying on its geographical advantages.

　　While improving core competitiveness, the contrarian growth of foreign trade also benefits from the continuous expansion of trade scale between China and countries along the "Belt and Road". From 2014 to 2019, the trade value with countries along the Belt and Road totaled more than 44 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 6.1%. China has become the largest trading partner of 25 countries along the route.

　　At present, China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. It is necessary to further deepen the supply-side structural reform and foreign trade system reform, stimulate the institutional vitality and innovation potential, and promote China’s foreign trade development to achieve "three transformations" — — From factor-driven to innovation-driven, from scale and speed to quality and efficiency, from cost and price advantages to new competitive advantages.

　　Under the strong momentum of foreign trade export growth, continuing to do a good job of "six stabilities" and promoting the high-quality development of China’s trade is not only a strong support for the high-quality development of China’s economy, but also a strong support for economic globalization and the multilateral trading system.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 19th Title: Five groups of keywords to understand the overall strategy of the party to solve the Taiwan Province issue in the new era

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Zhao Danping, Zhao Bo, Alex Chen and Xu Xueyi.

　　The sea and sky are vast, and the tides rise and fall. Shallow Bay Strait, after the changes of the cross-strait situation, has entrusted countless children with homesickness. What kind of cross-strait relations do we expect when we step into the threshold of 2022? The future starts from the present. What kind of ideal home should we leave for future generations?

　　The development of cross-strait relations shows us that the motherland must and must be unified, which is an inevitable requirement for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the new era. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has stood at the strategic height of the overall development of the cause of the Party and the country and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, keenly observed the situation at home and abroad and the changes in the situation in the Taiwan Strait, profoundly summed up the major policies and practices of the central authorities on Taiwan, put forward a series of important ideas and major policy propositions on Taiwan’s work, and formed the party’s overall strategy for solving the Taiwan Province issue in the new era.

　　What is the profound meaning of the Party’s general plan to solve the Taiwan Province problem in the new era? What can Taiwan Province compatriots gain from this? Will the vital interests be damaged? The following five groups of keywords take you to think rationally.

　　National unity and national rejuvenation

　　The emergence and evolution of the Taiwan Province issue is closely related to the fate of the Chinese nation since modern times. China was poor and weak in modern times, and Taiwan Province was occupied by foreigners for half a century. The continuation of the civil war led to cross-strait confrontation across the sea, and the separation of brothers and sisters left a painful heart for compatriots on both sides of the strait.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly made important expositions on realizing the complete reunification of the motherland. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated "Persistence ‘ One country, two systems ’ And promote the reunification of the motherland "into the basic strategy of upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　"National rejuvenation and national reunification are the general trend, the great righteousness and the will of the people." "The vast number of Taiwan Province compatriots are all members of the Chinese nation. We should be upright Chinese, seriously think about Taiwan Province’s position and role in national rejuvenation, and take promoting the complete reunification of the country and seeking common national rejuvenation as a glorious cause." On January 2, 2019, on the 40th anniversary of the publication of the Letter to Taiwan Province Compatriots, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech, comprehensively expounding the major policy propositions of promoting the peaceful reunification of the motherland in the great journey of national rejuvenation based on the new era.

　　On January 2, 2019, the 40th anniversary of the publication of the Letter to Taiwan Province Compatriots was held in the Great Hall of the People. Xinhua News Agency reporter Shen Hongshe

　　"Promoting the complete reunification of the country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is undoubtedly the core of the party’s overall strategy for solving the Taiwan Province issue in the new era." Wang Yingjin, director and professor of the Research Center for Cross-Strait Relations of Renmin University of China, said that this is a complete ideological system, with the people as the center, peaceful talks as the means, ending political opposition to achieve reunification, the rule of law as the guarantee, "one country, two systems" as the unified framework, and national rejuvenation as the ultimate goal, to plan the process of national reunification and improve relevant systems and mechanisms.

　　“台湾问题因民族弱乱而产生，必将随着民族复兴而解决。”最高领袖总书记的郑重宣示，让定居上海的91岁台胞庄传鸿深受感动。出生于台湾台南的庄传鸿，因父亲不堪忍受日本殖民统治，1938年一家四口移居上海。因两岸长达数十载的隔绝，直到上世纪90年代初，他才得以重访暌违已久的故乡。

　　“我已经90多岁了，可还想为祖国早日统一多出点力。”庄传鸿说，台南家乡还有堂姐堂兄等很多亲人，大家都盼着两岸能早日实现真正意义上的“团圆”，共同实现中华民族伟大复兴。

　　结束政治对立、实现持久和平

　　由于内战延续和外部势力干涉，自1949年以来，海峡两岸陷入长期政治对立。数十年“冰封”与隔绝，在两岸同胞心中留下难以愈合的伤痛，“解放台湾”和“光复大陆”曾分别是两岸流行的政治口号。

　　Different systems are not obstacles to reunification, let alone excuses for division. "The long-standing political differences between the two sides of the strait are the general root that affects the stability and far-reaching cross-strait relations, and they can never be passed down from generation to generation." Three years ago, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader issued a sincere appeal, "We are willing to conduct dialogue and communication with all parties, groups and people in Taiwan Province on cross-strait political issues and related issues in promoting the peaceful reunification of the motherland, extensively exchange views, seek social consensus and promote political negotiations."

　　According to Liu Guoshen, director of the Collaborative Innovation Center for Peaceful Development of Cross-Strait Relations, "peaceful reunification and one country, two systems" is the best way to achieve national reunification, which not only takes into account the practical interests of Taiwan Province people, but also takes into account the political requirements of the Taiwan Province authorities, and embodies the long-term interests of the Chinese nation and the overall interests of the country. "This is the wisdom of Chinese on both sides of the strait and the blessing of the people on both sides of the strait."

　　On June 27, 2017, tourists visited the Qingjing high-altitude landscape trail in Nantou County, Taiwan Province. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Junxi photo

　　On the premise of ensuring national sovereignty, security and development interests, after peaceful reunification, Taiwan Province compatriots’ social system and lifestyle will be fully respected, Taiwan Province compatriots’ private property, religious beliefs and legitimate rights and interests will be fully guaranteed, people’s livelihood will be fully improved, and Taiwan Province’s fiscal revenue can be used to improve people’s livelihood.

　　"I have come into contact with many young people in Taiwan Province on both sides of the strait. It is obvious that some people shout against ‘ One country, two systems ’ , you ask him ‘ One country, two systems ’ What is the content, but I can’t basically answer it. " Zhang Liqi, a young Taiwanese teacher at Huaqiao University, said that we should help Taiwan Province compatriots get rid of the monopoly of green media on the island and truly understand the connotation of "one country, two systems".

　　To this end, Zhang Liqi and his friends set up the WeChat WeChat official account, which shares fresh mainland information and comments on hot cross-strait news. "I hope that more Taiwan Province compatriots can see the mainland’s freedom, openness and institutional advantages and help them understand ‘ One country, two systems ’ Understanding democratic consultation is to let the people of Taiwan Province give their opinions. "

　　Hope for the people of Taiwan Province and oppose the "Taiwan independence" split.

　　"We welcome more Taiwan Province compatriots to participate in the promotion of the peaceful development of cross-strait relations. Let’s work together, come up with ideas and find ways, gather more wisdom and strength, consolidate and expand the development achievements of cross-strait relations, and make the peaceful development of cross-strait relations an irresistible historical trend, so that the vast number of Taiwan Province compatriots, especially grassroots people, can enjoy more benefits brought by the peaceful development of cross-strait relations." When meeting Lien Chan, honorary chairman of China Kuomintang, and his party in 2014, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader sent such a deep message.

　　It is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s consistent policy to place hope on the people of Taiwan Province. In recent years, the mainland has adhered to the people-centered development thought and the concept of "one family on both sides of the strait", and has issued a series of policies and measures that are conducive to winning the hearts of the people, and achieved remarkable results, vividly interpreting the practical strength of the party’s overall strategy for solving the Taiwan Province issue in the new era.

　　Wang Kunyi, chairman of the Taiwan Province Institute of Strategic Studies and a professor at Tamkang University, believes that the mainland has always adhered to the principled position of the "1992 Consensus" and has always insisted on promoting cross-strait non-governmental exchanges and cooperation, seeking the well-being of Taiwan Province compatriots and placing hopes on the people of Taiwan Province. This is an unchanging goodwill and sincerity. "This is beyond the rotation of political parties on the island."

　　In 2014, college and middle school students in Taiwan Province supported textbooks and opposed the "Taiwan independence" historical view to set things right. Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Yuhua photo

　　Since the Democratic Progressive Party authorities came to power in 2016, they have linked with external forces, relied on foreign self-respect, frantically sought "independence" and provoked troubles, causing tension and turmoil in cross-strait relations and posing a great threat to peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.

　　“‘ Taiwan independence ’ Splitting is the biggest obstacle to the reunification of the motherland and a serious hidden danger of national rejuvenation. " "Anyone who forgets his ancestors, betrays the motherland and splits the country will never come to a good end and will be spurned by the people and judged by history!" "If ‘ Taiwan independence ’ The separatist forces provoke persecution and even break through the red line, and we will have to take drastic measures. " … …

　　In the face of the separatist activities of "Taiwan independence" and the sinister intention of the United States and other external forces to "control China with Taiwan", the Supreme Leader General Secretary has made solemn declarations many times.

　　"Objection ‘ Taiwan independence ’ It is the meaning of the party’s overall strategy for solving the Taiwan Province issue in the new era. " Zhu Songling, a professor at Taiwan Province Research Institute of Beijing Union University, said that the inevitable reunification of the motherland and the fate of the "Taiwan independence" were determined by the development trend of cross-strait relations and the historical process of national rejuvenation, which was an irreversible historical trend.

　　Integrated development and common market

　　"Cross-strait economic and trade relations have grown from scratch, and now they are booming, and there are various policies to benefit Taiwan. This is the best era for Taiwanese businessmen to develop in the mainland." Wu Jiaying, president of Xiamen Taiwanese Business Association, who has been rooted in the mainland for nearly 30 years, said, "Digital economy, new infrastructure construction and green development are all important directions for the future economic development of the mainland. We must seize business opportunities."

　　Scenes of hopeful scenes and stories of struggle hand in hand, under the guidance of the Party’s overall strategy of solving the Taiwan Province issue in the new era, the mainland unswervingly took the lead in sharing development opportunities with Taiwan Province compatriots, providing equal treatment for Taiwan compatriots and enterprises, continuously expanding cross-strait economic and trade cooperation, and playing a magnificent movement of cross-strait integration and development.

　　Brothers are United, and their profits are broken. For deepening cross-strait integration and development, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always been mindful of this.

　　From proposing to deepen the cross-strait integration and development, consolidating the foundation of peaceful reunification, to asking Fujian to explore a new way of cross-strait integration and development, and strive to build Fujian into the first home for Taiwan compatriots and enterprises to land, and then emphasizing the need to promote integration through communication, benefit and emotion when visiting Fujian in 2021, and bravely exploring a new way of cross-strait integration and development … …

　　Optimistic about the new opportunities in the 14th Five-Year Plan, Taiwanese businessmen in Xiamen continue to increase capital and expand production. This is the foundation stone laying ceremony of the expansion project of Jianlin home kitchen and bathroom product line filmed in Jimei, Xiamen on January 12, 2021. Xinhua News Agency reporter Fu Minshe

　　Time and time again, I have a strong heart and a systematic exposition. The major policy proposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on deepening cross-strait integration and development has been continuously improved in practice. "Deepen cross-strait integration and development", "Strengthen cross-strait industrial cooperation, build a cross-strait common market, and expand the Chinese national economy" and "Support Taiwanese businessmen and enterprises to participate ‘ Belt and Road ’ The strategy of construction and coordinated national and regional development has been written into the 14 th Five-Year Plan and has become an important program and action guide for promoting the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and deepening cross-strait cooperation in the new stage of development.

　　"From Taiwan compatriots enjoying the same treatment as medical insurance and buying houses, to allowing Taiwan enterprises to participate in new infrastructure and support Taiwan enterprises to go public, the policies and measures have become more specific and delicate, which makes us feel more warm at home." Wu Jiaying said that the continuous implementation of measures to benefit Taiwan and benefit the people has created a better environment for Taiwan compatriots to land for study, employment, entrepreneurship and life.

　　Cultural inheritance and spiritual harmony

　　"The soul of the country, the text is transformed, and the text is cast." Chinese traditional culture is the common spiritual root and destination of compatriots on both sides of the strait. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that the family members of compatriots on both sides of the strait are rooted in the common blood and spirit of compatriots and in our common history and culture.

　　"Promote compatriots on both sides of the strait to jointly promote Chinese culture and promote spiritual harmony." "The intersection of people is your intimate." "Between relatives, there is no knot that cannot be untied. For a long time, it will surely achieve the spiritual harmony of compatriots on both sides of the strait. " … …

　　The words of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, such as spring breeze and rain, contain profound thoughts on the reunification of the motherland.

　　After the resumption of cross-strait exchanges, Jiang Mingxian, the first Taiwan Province painter who "landed" and held a solo exhibition, was nearly eighty years old. There were countless masterpieces in his life, but he only printed the work "New Fuchun Shan Jutu" with mainland painters on his business card.

　　"It is of great significance for painters on both sides of the strait to cooperate in a painting, which fully embodies the spirit of modesty and tolerance of Chinese culture and is the best footnote for the same language and species on both sides of the strait." Jiang Mingxian said that both sides of the strait are Chinese. Taiwan Province people have been baptized by Chinese culture since childhood, from living habits, treating people with things to traditional customs such as ancestor worship at Qingming Festival, all of which reflect cultural inheritance. "Taiwan Province people should be proud of having Chinese culture."

　　On September 19th, 2020, the Cross-Strait Chinese Character Culture and Art Festival opened in Taipei. Xinhua News Agency reporter Jin Liwang photo

　　Hold the cross-strait Chinese character culture and art festival, carry out the "Taiwan Province Youth Chinese Traditional Culture Heritage Plan" and realize cross-strait cultural relics protection cooperation … … The sea is separated from the history of the two sides of the strait, and the blood of brothers and sisters is separated. The common blood of Chinese culture cannot be broken by any external force.

　　Cultural identity is the foundation of spiritual harmony, and it also paints a bright "bright color" of the Party’s overall strategy to solve the Taiwan Province issue in the new era. Whether it is cultural exchange or social integration, it is basically to promote the spiritual harmony of compatriots on both sides of the strait and enhance the well-being and interests of compatriots on both sides of the strait. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, everything we have done to promote cross-strait relations is to realize the yearning of compatriots on both sides of the strait for a better life.

　　Join forces to know Yu Li, and go to Cang Ying together. Looking ahead, we are more qualified, emboldened and capable of accomplishing the great cause of the reunification of the motherland. Under the guidance of the Party’s general plan to solve the Taiwan Province issue in the new era, compatriots on both sides of the strait will join hands, work together, unite and move forward, and will certainly create a great rejuvenation and bright future for the Chinese nation!

　　"Emergency Plan for Heavy Pollution Weather in Chengdu (Trial)" (draft for comments) was issued.

　　The Emergency Plan for Heavily Polluted Weather in Chengdu (Trial) (draft for comments), which was researched and formulated by the relevant departments led by the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, was officially open to the public for comments. Yesterday, the reporter learned from the special press conference held by the Municipal Government Information Office that the "Draft for Comment on the Plan" clearly stated that open-air barbecues are strictly prohibited in the expressway around the city when the three-level (yellow) warning is activated; During the second-level (orange) warning, primary and secondary schools and kindergartens will stop outdoor sports, and the restricted area of motor vehicle tail number will be extended to around the city; When the first-class (red) warning is given, primary and secondary schools and kindergartens will be closed, enterprises and institutions can implement flexible working system, and motor vehicles are restricted to single and even numbers within the city.　

　　The "Draft for Comment on the Pre-plan" also made it clear that the Municipal Emergency Disposal Command of Heavy Pollution Weather and the Municipal Comprehensive Improvement Command of Atmospheric Environment are co-located, and the emergency response of heavy pollution weather is included in the unified management of the city’s emergency system, and the Chengdu Heavy Pollution Weather Emergency Expert Advisory Group is established to improve the level of scientific decision-making. In addition, the implementation of emergency response to heavy polluted weather in member units was included in the target assessment content, and supervision and inspection were strengthened.　

　　Plan drafting　

　　Listen to that opinions of national expert　

　　It is understood that in recent years, the city has continuously carried out pollution prevention and control work such as gas-related enterprises, motor vehicle exhaust, dust, cooking fume and oil and gas recovery, vigorously carried out special actions to ban straw burning, implemented coal ban and clean energy transformation, and completely closed enterprises such as Jialing Power Plant; In the past five years, the average concentration of major pollutants has remained basically the same with the rapid economic development. The relevant person in charge said frankly, despite this, air quality improvement is a long-term process. At present, the total amount of air pollutants discharged is still high, and due to the influence of the basin climate, when meteorological conditions that are not conducive to the diffusion of air pollutants continue to appear, different degrees of air pollution may occur.　

　　The relevant person in charge said that according to the relevant requirements of the State Council’s Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan, in order to alleviate environmental air pollution and protect public health, the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, together with the Municipal Economic and Information Committee, the Municipal Urban Management Bureau, the Municipal Construction Committee, the Municipal Traffic Management Bureau, the Municipal Education Bureau, the Municipal Meteorological Bureau and other relevant departments, jointly drafted the Draft of the Plan for Comment, aiming at reducing pollution emissions, slowing down pollution levels and preventing the acute impact of heavy air pollution on the health of citizens, especially sensitive special people.　

　　It is understood that experts from Tsinghua University, china environmental science Research Institute, Nankai University, Sichuan University, and chengdu university of information technology were invited during the drafting of the Draft Plan for Exposure, and combined with the new national air quality standards and the present situation of ambient air quality in Chengdu, the air pollution control ideas were put forward. At the same time, after the official implementation of the Draft Plan for Comment, the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau will, together with relevant departments, invite top domestic experts to evaluate the implementation effect of the Plan, further optimize and improve it according to the evaluation, and make it public in time.　

　　Heavily polluted weather　

　　93 industrial enterprises stopped production and production.　

　　It is understood that according to the preliminary investigation, the "Draft for Comment on the Plan" identified the list of 93 industrial enterprises that limited production (stopped production) in our city in 2013. In case of heavy pollution, the production will be limited (stopped production) according to the warning level. According to the relevant person in charge, the list of 93 industrial enterprises with limited production (stop production) is based on the list of enterprises with limited production (stop production) put forward by experts from Tsinghua University, Nankai University, China Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, and proved to be effective through practice. At the same time, according to the "Draft for Comment on the Plan", the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and the Municipal Economic and Information Committee will dynamically update the list of enterprises that have limited production (stopped production) before March 1 each year. Of course, in addition to the list of industrial enterprises that have limited production (stopped production), the Municipal Construction Committee and the Municipal Housing Management Bureau and other relevant member units will dynamically update the list of relevant construction sites in a timely manner and establish a list of construction sites that have stopped during heavy pollution weather.　

　　In view of the restrictions on motor vehicles implemented in heavily polluted weather, at yesterday’s press conference, the person in charge of the traffic control department revealed that in the second-level warning, the restricted area of motor vehicle tail numbers will be expanded to around the city. At that time, the traffic control department will set up obvious signs along the road to remind the general public. In the first-level warning, the single and double numbers of motor vehicles around the city will be restricted, and the number of the restricted line will be determined according to the date of the warning day. In addition, the person in charge also said that after the formal implementation of the plan, anyone who violates the restrictions will be punished according to the current punishment standard for motor vehicle tail number restrictions. "However, the formal rules will be announced to the public when the plan is revised and officially released according to the comments." The person in charge said.　

　　Three-level early warning of heavily polluted weather　

　　Level 3 (yellow) early warning:　

　　Primary and secondary schools will suspend outdoor physical education class as appropriate; Open-air barbecues are strictly prohibited in the expressway around the city.　

　　Secondary (orange) warning:　

　　Primary and secondary schools and kindergartens stop outdoor sports; The restricted area of motor vehicle tail number is extended to around the city.　

　　Level 1 (red) early warning:　

　　Primary and secondary schools and kindergartens are closed; Enterprises and institutions can implement flexible working system, and motor vehicles can be restricted to single and even numbers within the city.　

　　Level 3 (yellow) early warning:　

　　Open-air barbecue is strictly prohibited in the expressway around the city　

　　condition　

　　The air quality index (AQI) will be in the range of 201-300 or the air quality index (AQI) will appear alternately in 201-300 and 300-500 for 72 consecutive hours in the future.　

　　Emergency measures > > >　

　　1. Health protection reminder measures. Remind children, the elderly and patients with heart disease, lung disease and other chronic diseases to reduce outdoor activities.　

　　2. Suggestive measures.　

　　(1) The outdoor physical education class in primary and secondary schools can be suspended as appropriate.　

　　(2) The public should try to travel by public transport and reduce the number of cars on the road.　

　　(3) Reduce the use of raw materials and products that are easy to produce volatile organic compounds in the process of home improvement, auto repair and spraying.　

　　3. Compulsory measures for pollution reduction.　

　　(1) Strictly implement the dust prevention and control measures of various construction sites, material yards and storage yards in the expressway around the city, and do a good job of sprinkling water to reduce dust.　

　　(2) During the period from 7: 00 to 21: 00, vehicles transporting bulk materials, muck and construction waste are prohibited from traveling around the city (including) (except domestic garbage trucks).　

　　(3) Strengthen the environmental supervision of enterprises in key industries such as cement, steel and chemical industry, increase the frequency of environmental supervision and inspection, and ensure the normal operation of enterprise pollution control facilities; It is forbidden for enterprises to stop the maintenance of environmental protection facilities. If it is really necessary to carry out the maintenance of facilities for special reasons, all enterprises shall stop production.　

　　(4) It is strictly forbidden to burn all kinds of garbage and crop straws in the open air, and investigate and deal with relevant behaviors severely.　

　　(5) It is forbidden to barbecue in the open air in the expressway around the city, and relevant behaviors shall be severely investigated and punished.　

　　(6) Increase the frequency of road cleaning and main road washing and dust removal in the expressway around the city for more than one time to reduce dust on the ground.　

　　(7) It is forbidden to set off fireworks and firecrackers within the ring road.　

　　(8) under the premise of meteorological conditions, the implementation of artificial precipitation enhancement.　

　　Secondary (orange) warning:　

　　Primary and secondary schools and kindergartens stop outdoor sports.　

　　condition　

　　The air quality index (AQI) for the next 72 hours will be in the range of 301-500.　

　　Emergency measures > > >　

　　1. Health protection reminder measures. Remind children, the elderly and susceptible people such as patients with respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to stay indoors as much as possible and avoid outdoor activities.　

　　2. Suggestive measures.　

　　(1) Primary and secondary schools and kindergartens stop outdoor sports such as physical education class, recess exercises and sports meetings; The general population should try to avoid outdoor activities; Suspend large-scale open-air activities as appropriate; Outdoor activities can take appropriate protective measures such as wearing masks.　

　　(2) The public travel by public transport, reducing the number of cars on the road; Try to turn off the fire when parking for a long time.　

　　(3) Reduce the use of raw materials and products that are easy to produce volatile organic compounds in the process of home improvement, auto repair and spraying.　

　　3. Compulsory measures for pollution reduction.　

　　(1) Earthwork excavation, pavement renovation, green planting, house demolition and other operations are prohibited within the expressway around the city; Strictly implement the dust prevention and control measures of various construction sites, yards and yards in the central city and suburban areas (counties), and do a good job of sprinkling water to reduce dust.　

　　(2) Bulk materials, muck, construction waste transport vehicles and large organic solvent tank trucks are prohibited from traveling all day within the expressway around the city (inclusive); All-day ban will be imposed on yellow-label vehicles within the expressway around the city, and the restricted area of motor vehicles (except special vehicles, buses, taxis and electric vehicles) will be expanded to within the expressway around the city; Improve the frequency of public transport operation.　

　　(3) Enterprises in key industries such as cement, steel and chemical industry shall implement temporary measures to reduce production and limit emissions, and the production reduction shall not be less than 30%; Enterprises to implement environmental maintenance must stop production; Strengthen the environmental supervision of industrial volatile organic compounds emission units to ensure the normal operation of treatment facilities.　

　　(4) It is strictly forbidden to burn all kinds of garbage and crop straws in the open air, and investigate and deal with relevant behaviors severely.　

　　(5) The ban on open-air barbecue will be extended to the main urban areas and key towns (streets) in suburban areas (counties), and the investigation and punishment will be strengthened.　

　　(6) Increase the frequency of road cleaning and main road washing and dust removal in the central city and suburban areas (counties) for more than one time to reduce dust on the ground.　

　　(7) It is forbidden to set off fireworks and firecrackers within the ring road.　

　　(8) under the premise of meteorological conditions, the implementation of artificial precipitation enhancement.　

　　Level 1 (red) early warning:　

　　Single and even numbers are restricted within the ring expressway.　

　　condition　

　　The air quality index (AQI) will be greater than 500 in the next 24 hours.　

　　Emergency measures > > >　

　　1. Health protection reminder measures.　

　　(1) Remind children, the elderly and susceptible people such as patients with respiratory tract, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to stay indoors as much as possible and avoid outdoor activities.　

　　(2) Primary and secondary schools and kindergartens are closed.　

　　2. Suggestive measures.　

　　(1) The general population should try to avoid outdoor activities; Stop large-scale open-air activities as appropriate; Outdoor activities can take appropriate protective measures such as wearing masks.　

　　(2) Enterprises and institutions can implement flexible working system according to the situation.　

　　(3) The public travel by public transport, reducing the number of cars on the road; Try to turn off the fire when parking for a long time.　

　　(4) Suspend the use of raw materials and products that are easy to produce volatile organic compounds in the process of home improvement, auto repair and spraying.　

　　(5) It is forbidden to set off fireworks and firecrackers within the Third Ring Road (including the Third Ring Road).　

　　3. Compulsory measures for pollution reduction.　

　　(1) Earthwork excavation, road surface renovation, green planting, house demolition and other operations are prohibited within the city; All kinds of construction sites, yards and yards in the city strictly implement dust prevention measures and do a good job of sprinkling water to reduce dust.　

　　(2) Bulk materials, muck, construction waste transport vehicles and large organic solvent tank trucks are prohibited from traveling all day within the expressway around the city (inclusive); Yellow-label vehicles are banned all day within the expressway around the city (including), and motor vehicle tail numbers are restricted to single and even numbers within the expressway around the city (except for special vehicles, buses, taxis and electric vehicles); Improve the frequency of public transport operation and do our best to ensure public transport travel.　

　　(3) Enterprises in key industries such as cement, steel and chemical industry shall implement temporary measures to reduce production and limit emissions, and the production reduction shall not be less than 50%; Enterprises to implement environmental maintenance must stop production; Strengthen the environmental supervision of industrial volatile organic compounds emission units to ensure the normal operation of treatment facilities.　

　　(4) It is strictly forbidden to burn all kinds of garbage and crop straws in the open air, and investigate and deal with relevant behaviors severely.　

　　(5) The ban on open-air barbecue will be extended to the main urban areas and key towns (streets) in suburban counties (counties) and outer suburban counties (cities), and the investigation and punishment will be strengthened.　

　　(6) Increase the frequency of urban road cleaning and main traffic road washing and dust removal for more than 2 times in the whole city to reduce dust on the ground.　

　　(7) under the premise of meteorological conditions, the implementation of artificial precipitation enhancement.

I. Construction of human resources service institutions

By the end of 2016, there were 26,695 human resources service institutions with 552,828 employees (see Figure 1).

Figure 1 Changes of human resources service institutions and employees

From the category of service institutions, the human resources and social security departments of local governments at or above the county level (including other industry management departments) have set up 5262 public employment and talent service institutions, accounting for 19.7% of the total human resources service institutions; 1493 state-owned human resources service enterprises, accounting for 5.6%; 18,859 private human resources service enterprises, accounting for 70.6%; There are 227 foreign-funded and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan-funded service enterprises (including 103 Hong Kong-funded, 2 Australian-funded and 4 Taiwan-funded service enterprises respectively), accounting for 0.9%, and 854 private non-enterprises and other service organizations, accounting for 3.2% (see Figure 2).

Figure 2 Basic information of human resources service institutions in 2016 (unit: home)

According to the classification of the education level of employees, there are 353,375 people with college education or below, accounting for 63.9% of the total number of employees; There are 185,357 undergraduates, accounting for 33.5%; There are 14,096 people with master’s degree or above, accounting for 2.6%; There are 170,599 employees who have obtained qualification certificates, accounting for 30.9% of the total number of employees (see Figure 3).

Figure 3 Education of employees in 2016

By the end of 2016, there were 21,000 fixed recruitment (exchange) places and 11,675 human resources market websites set up by various human resources service institutions across the country. From the perspective of operation and development, the total operating income of the whole industry in 2016 was 1,185 billion yuan (including 879.2 billion yuan for the collection and payment of services such as service outsourcing), a year-on-year increase of 22.4%.

Second, the human resources service business situation

In 2016, all kinds of human resources service institutions nationwide served 694.47 million person-times, a year-on-year increase of 15.4%. There are 346.88 million people registered by various human resources service institutions in China to apply for jobs and ask for mobile services. Classified by academic level, there were 235.05 million people with college education or below, accounting for 67.8% of the total; 95.4 million people with bachelor’s degrees, accounting for 27.5% of the total; There were 16.43 million people with master’s degree or above, accounting for 4.7% of the total (see Figure 4). In 2016, various human resources service agencies nationwide helped 176.74 million people to achieve employment and mobility, up 17.7% year-on-year.

Figure 4 Academic qualifications of registered job seekers and those requesting mobile services (unit: 10,000 person-times)

In 2016, various human resources service institutions nationwide provided human resources services to 28.2 million employers, up 15.9% year-on-year. Among the employers who served, 2.13 million were state-owned enterprises and institutions, accounting for 7.6%; 19.5 million private enterprises, accounting for 69.1%; 3.27 million foreign-funded enterprises, accounting for 11.6%; Other employers made 3.3 million trips, accounting for 11.7% (see Figure 5).

Figure 5 Service Employers (Unit: 10,000 times)

In 2016, all kinds of human resources service institutions in China held 200,000 on-site job fairs (including 65,000 for college graduates and 61,000 for migrant workers). There were 108.7 million job seekers, a year-on-year decrease of 3.66%; The number of participants was 6.88 million, a year-on-year decrease of 2.36%; 100.99 million pieces of job information were provided, a year-on-year decrease of 2.7%. In 2016, all kinds of human resources service institutions nationwide published 285.18 million job recruitment information through the Internet, up 15.7% year-on-year; 592.08 million pieces of job information were released, up 20.9% year-on-year. With the extensive use of new technologies such as the Internet, online recruitment and mobile internet recruitment have flourished. As a result, the number of on-site job fairs, participating units and job seekers have declined to some extent.

In 2016, various human resources service agencies nationwide provided labor dispatch services to 282,000 employers, a year-on-year decrease of 0.6%; 8.76 million people were dispatched, an increase of 0.97% year-on-year; Registration requires 5.52 million personnel to be dispatched, an increase of 0.83% year-on-year. Various human resources service organizations provided human resources outsourcing services to 540,000 employers, with a year-on-year increase of 5.7%.

In 2016, various human resources service institutions nationwide provided human resources management consulting services to 2.29 million employers, a year-on-year increase of 7.7%. Managing 77.16 million floating personnel files, up 5.3% year-on-year; Relying on archives, we provided 44.32 million person-times of services such as salary adjustment, file consulting and issuing relevant certificates, with a year-on-year increase of 3.1%. Held 280,000 training courses, up 9.1% year-on-year; There were 12.08 million trainers, up 8.6% year-on-year. The senior talent search (headhunting) service successfully recommended the hiring of 1.16 million senior talents of various types, with a year-on-year increase of 12.9%.

No.22 [2001] of Guangdong Government Office

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

Forwarding the State Council General Office to the State Council Economic Restructuring Office and other departments.

Notice on rectifying and standardizing the opinions of the pharmaceutical market

　　

People’s governments of cities, counties and autonomous counties, and relevant units directly under the provincial capital:

　　Now, with the consent of the provincial people’s government, we will forward the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Forwarding the Opinions of the State Council Economic Restructuring Office and other departments on rectifying and standardizing the drug market (No.17 [2001] of the State Council, hereinafter referred to as the Notice) to you, and now we put forward the following opinions, please implement them together.

　　First, rectifying and standardizing the drug market is an important measure to standardize the drug circulation order and promote the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry. People’s governments at all levels and relevant departments should strictly follow the spirit of the the State Council Notice and the arrangements of the provincial party committee and government for rectifying the market economic order, intensify the rectification of the pharmaceutical market, and severely crack down on illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling counterfeit and inferior drugs. Governments at all levels should be serious and responsible, resolutely oppose all forms of local protectionism, take practical and effective measures, strengthen supervision of the drug market in their respective jurisdictions, and investigate and deal with all kinds of illegal and illegal drug trading.

　　Two, all levels of health, price, economy and trade, drug supervision, Chinese medicine and other departments should improve the centralized bidding and purchasing system of drugs, and strengthen the supervision of drug bidding and purchasing behavior and price. This year, the main drug varieties of medical institutions at or above the county level in the province should be fully purchased by centralized bidding, and the bidding volume of drugs should reach more than 50% of the usage. On the premise of not exceeding the maximum retail price stipulated by the government, the winning drugs can be priced according to the difference rate stipulated by the bid price; Most of the benefits of reducing drug prices through bidding procurement should benefit patients. All relevant departments should strive to improve the transparency of drug prices. For drugs with market-regulated prices, it is necessary to gradually print retail prices on drug packaging, so as to clearly mark prices. Resolutely crack down on indiscriminate price increases or low-price dumping, maintain normal drug price order, and effectively protect the vital interests of the people.

　　Three, all localities should combine this year to carry out the "anti misleading, false" advertising market governance special action, comprehensively rectify the drug advertising market order. Focus on the control of illegal, illegal, unscientific, exaggerated efficacy, deceiving consumers; Severely punish acts that interfere with people’s rational and safe use of drugs, and standardize the release order of drug advertisements. Those who publish false drug advertisements after investigation shall be punished according to law.

　　Four, rectify and standardize the drug market is an important work related to people’s health and social stability and development. Governments at all levels and relevant departments should, in combination with the actual situation of their own departments in the region, pay close attention to formulating implementation plans to ensure that all measures to rectify and standardize the drug market are implemented.

General Office of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government

April 19th, 2001

General Office of the State Council forwarded the State Council Economic Restructuring Office and other departments.

Notice on rectifying and standardizing the opinions of the pharmaceutical market

Guo Ban Fa [2001] No.17

　　

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

　　The State Council Economic Restructuring Office, the State Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Health, the State Drug Administration and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce "Opinions on Rectifying and Regulating the Drug Market" have been approved by the State Council, and are hereby forwarded to you, please implement them carefully.

General Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

March 10, 2001

Opinions on rectifying and standardizing the pharmaceutical market

The State Council Economic Restructuring Office, State Planning Commission and State Economic and Trade Commission

Ministry of Health, State Drug Administration and State Administration for Industry and Commerce

(January 19th, 2001)

　　In order to further implement the spirit of the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Forwarding the Guiding Opinions of the State Council Economic Restructuring Office and Other Departments on the Reform of Urban Medical and Health System (No.16 [2000] of Guo Ban Fa), deepen the reform of pharmaceutical production and circulation system, promote the transformation of functions of relevant government departments, strengthen supervision, treat both the symptoms and root causes, intensify the rectification of the pharmaceutical market, standardize the order of the pharmaceutical market, and promote the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry, we hereby put forward the following opinions:

　　First, crack down on illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling counterfeit and inferior drugs.

　　All regions and relevant departments should continue to crack down on the illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and inferior drugs on the basis of conscientiously implementing the notice of the State Council on launching joint action to crack down on illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and inferior commodities (Guo Fa [2000] No.32). For major and important cases of manufacturing and selling fake and inferior drugs that have been discovered, drug supervision, public security, industrial and commercial administration, supervision and other departments should trace back to the source, thoroughly identify manufacturing and selling dens, circulation channels, storage places, sales places and people involved, eliminate the root causes of manufacturing and selling fake and inferior drugs, resolutely punish criminals and disciplinary personnel, and especially punish the chief criminals and recidivists who manufacture and sell fake and inferior drugs and constitute crimes quickly and severely according to law. Drug supervision and other departments should adhere to the combination of centralized rectification and strengthening daily supervision, strengthen market supervision and deepen reform, combine counterfeiting with supporting excellent enterprises, improve the drug quality supervision system and inspection system, and purify the drug market environment.

　　Two, the rectification of all kinds of illegal and illegal drug business behavior.

　　It is necessary to take practical and effective measures to comprehensively strengthen the management of drug market access, rectify all kinds of illegal and illegal drug sales, ban unlicensed drug sales and illegal transactions, and investigate and deal with giving and receiving kickbacks and other commercial bribery in drug purchase and sale activities. In the work of banning drug markets, it is necessary to implement the responsibility system of local governments and resolutely oppose various forms of local protectionism. Relevant parties should unify their thinking, cooperate with each other, consolidate the achievements of rectifying the pharmaceutical market, and properly handle the aftermath. If the banned illegal drug trading market turns dark or resurfaces, it should continue to be severely cracked down and severely punished. If the problem is serious, the relevant localities, departments and their responsible persons should be held accountable.

　　Three, strictly implement the drug management system of separating government from enterprise.

　　Drug supervision and other relevant departments shall, in accordance with the requirements of the Notice of the State Council on Approving the Reform Plan of Drug Supervision and Management System in National Medical Products Administration (Guo Fa [2000] No.10), follow the principle of separating government from enterprises, separating supervision and law enforcement from industry management functions, highlighting supervision and management, being unified and efficient, and being consistent in responsibilities and rights, speed up the reform of drug supervision and management system and improve the drug supervision and management system. Drug supervision and other departments should be completely decoupled from their affiliated pharmaceutical companies or pharmaceutical institutions affiliated in various forms and names, and should not maintain economic interests with any pharmaceutical institutions. In the development of pharmaceutical industry and enterprises, we should support and play the role of industry self-regulatory organizations.

　　Four, promote the development and alliance of superior pharmaceutical enterprises.

　　Resolutely break departmental or local monopolies, ownership restrictions and administrative protection that hinder fair competition, adjust policies and regulations that are not conducive to giving full play to the positive role of market mechanisms, establish a drug quality management monitoring system organized by relevant state departments, cancel repeated testing, repeated examination and approval, and repeated issuance of "quasi-sales licenses" for pharmaceutical enterprises in various places, and cancel restrictions on pharmaceutical enterprises in other regions from entering the local drug market in the name of filing and registration. We should give full play to the role of market mechanism and optimize the structure of pharmaceutical industry. It is necessary to create an environment of fair competition, support superior pharmaceutical enterprises to expand their business scale through acquisitions and mergers, promote the development of marketing methods such as drug agency distribution and chain operation, and form a number of cross-regional, large-scale, intensive and high-level pharmaceutical enterprise groups to play a key role in drug production and circulation.

　　Five, reverse the situation of low-level duplication of drug production.

　　Local people’s governments at all levels should make up their minds to rectify small pharmaceutical factories and shut down a number of small pharmaceutical factories that pollute the environment, waste resources, do not conform to industrial policies and industry development plans, have low-level redundant construction, fail to meet GMP standards for pharmaceutical production enterprises or fail to operate normally. Drug regulatory authorities should clean up and rectify the hospital preparation room, and hospitals that can normally supply preparations in the market shall not repeat production, and hospitals that do not have preparation conditions shall not be renewed.

　　Six, clean up and rectify the drug circulation enterprises

　　Cleaning up and rectifying drug circulation enterprises should be combined with the work of drug business renewal. Drug circulation enterprises that have an imperfect quality assurance system, irregular business practices and fail to meet the conditions for renewal shall not be renewed; Drug circulation enterprises that are insolvent, on the verge of bankruptcy, or fail to meet the quality management standards (GSP) for drug business within a certain period of time will be resolutely disqualified; Drug circulation enterprises that cannot operate drugs normally and mainly rely on renting office buildings, warehouses and other properties to survive should be rectified, and those that engage in illegal investment operations should be investigated and punished according to law until their drug business licenses are revoked.

　　Seven, improve the centralized bidding system of drugs.

　　The health department should standardize the management of drug use in medical institutions, expand the varieties of drugs purchased by centralized bidding, and gradually bring the main drug varieties into the scope of centralized bidding and purchasing. Strict examination and management should be carried out on important links in drug procurement by tender, such as bid evaluation methods and the composition of expert database for the whole society, so as to ensure the openness, fairness and impartiality of drug procurement by tender. Health, drug supervision, price authorities and other departments should supervise the bidding and purchasing behavior and price of drugs. The retail price of drugs purchased by bidding should be reasonably set based on the actual purchase price. The benefits of reducing drug prices through bidding should mainly benefit patients, and medical institutions can share a certain proportion.

　　Eight, promote the electronic trading of medical commodities.

　　Establish and improve the electronic trading system of medical commodities certified, supervised and managed by relevant government departments, actively promote the electronic trading of medical commodities, give full play to the role of electronic trading system as a bridge between drug production, circulation and consumption, communicate information in time, realize fast trading, and use this system to entrust centralized bidding and purchasing of medical commodities, bring trading behavior into a standardized and open track, and correct unhealthy trends in the purchase and sale of medical commodities from the system.

　　Nine, strengthen the construction of rural drug supply network

　　It is necessary to effectively solve the problem of lack of regular and stable drug supply channels in the vast rural areas and strengthen the construction of rural drug supply networks. Encourage large and medium-sized pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises to merge with small pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises, extend the sales network to the county level, and develop rural drug sales outlets to facilitate farmers to purchase drugs. Promote centralized bidding and purchasing drugs through rural health service network. In remote areas, rural health service management can also be integrated, and township hospitals can purchase drugs for rural doctors in a unified way to prevent counterfeit and inferior drugs from flowing to rural areas and ensure the safety of farmers’ medication.

　　Ten, the implementation of separate accounting and management of medicine.

　　Health departments and medical institutions at all levels should actively implement the policies and measures of separate accounting and management of medicines, and strictly implement the relevant provisions on the management of two lines of revenue and expenditure. On the basis of standardizing financial subsidies and adjusting the price of medical services, the outpatient pharmacy of medical institutions will be gradually changed into a pharmaceutical retail enterprise, with independent accounting and tax payment according to regulations, and equal competition with social retail pharmacies will promote the socialization, specialization and intensification of drug circulation, improve efficiency and reduce costs.

　　Community health organizations, outpatient departments and individual clinics can only distribute commonly used and first-aid drugs approved by provincial health and drug supervision departments. Health and drug supervision departments should pay close attention to formulating the catalogue of commonly used and first-aid drugs and related management measures, and implement the above measures as soon as possible at the grassroots level.

　　Eleven, accelerate the implementation of the classified management system of prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs.

　　Drug supervision and other departments should actively cooperate, improve policies, standardize and manage the sales of prescription drugs as soon as possible. On the basis of ensuring safety and effectiveness, in order to meet the needs of people’s self-care, speed up the selection of over-the-counter drugs and expand the circulation channels of over-the-counter drugs. Class B OTC drugs can be sold in retail stores of daily necessities upon approval.

　　Twelve, improve the management of new drug research and approval.

　　It is necessary to revise the standards of new drugs and encourage the research and innovation of new drugs. If the technical content is not high and the research and production are repeated at a low level, the drug regulatory authorities should strictly check and not approve the production. Those who resort to deceit in the approval of new drugs should be dealt with severely according to law. The policies and regulations, working procedures and time limits of new drug approval management should be open to the public and subject to social supervision.

　　Thirteen, increase the intensity of drug price supervision.

　　Gradually implement the system of drug price publicity and the system of printing retail prices on drug packaging, and increase the supervision of drug prices. This work starts with some drugs with market-regulated prices and is gradually extended to all kinds of drugs sold in China. It is necessary to make it clear that the price stipulated by the state is the highest price limit, and to retail drugs in hospitals or pharmacies, it is allowed to sell or print the price below but not above the public price.

　　Fourteen, strengthen the supervision and management of drug advertising.

　　Drug regulatory authorities at all levels and administrative departments for industry and commerce should conscientiously implement the spirit of the Notice of the State Drug Administration and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on Strengthening the Examination and Management of Prescription Drug Advertisements (No.14 [2001] of the State Administration of Medicine) and gradually stop advertising prescription drugs in the mass media. Drug regulatory authorities should strictly examine all kinds of drug advertisements in accordance with the relevant provisions, and supervise and inspect their daily publication and broadcasting. If illegal or illegal drug advertisements are found, they should take timely measures to deal with them accordingly. The administrative department for industry and commerce should intensify the investigation and punishment of illegal and illegal drug advertisements, and effectively regulate the release order of drug advertisements.

　　Fifteen, comprehensively implement the measures to rectify and standardize the drug market.

　　Rectifying and standardizing the pharmaceutical market is related to the vital interests of the broad masses of the people, to the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry and health undertakings, and to the overall situation of reform, opening up and stability. All regions and relevant departments should attach great importance to it, strengthen leadership, unify their thinking, raise awareness, overcome local and departmental departmentalism, and comprehensively use legal, economic, administrative and public opinion means in a spirit of being highly responsible to the country and the people to conscientiously rectify and standardize the drug market.

　　All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, in accordance with the above opinions and in combination with the actual situation in the region, pay close attention to formulating implementation plans, make careful arrangements and organize them carefully to ensure that all measures to rectify and standardize the drug market are implemented. The relevant departments of the State Council will timely supervise and inspect the implementation of this opinion in various regions.