The operating comments of the board of directors of Rongbai Technology in 2022 are as follows:

　　I. Discussion and analysis of business conditions

　　During the reporting period, the global market demand for new energy vehicles still maintained a high-speed growth trend. According to the data in the White Paper on the Development of New Energy Vehicle Industry in China (2023), the global sales of new energy vehicles reached 10.824 million in 2022, up 61.6% year-on-year. According to the statistics of GGII and other institutions, in 2022, the global ternary cathode materials shipped about 980,000 tons, up 55% year-on-year, of which the global high-nickel cathode materials shipped about 328,000 tons, up 64% year-on-year. The ternary cathode materials market continued the trend of high nickel, and the product iterative upgrade was accelerating.

　　Benefiting from the strong demand of downstream battery companies, the accelerated launch trend of high-energy-density models of mainstream European and American car companies, and the company’s continuous improvement of profitability through process progress and supply chain optimization, the performance in 2022 has been significantly improved. During the reporting period, the company achieved an operating income of 30.123 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 193.62%; The net profit attributable to listed companies was 1.353 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 48.54%.

　　(1) The market share of Sanyuan ranked first in the world, and the product and customer structure were continuously optimized.

　　In 2022, the total sales volume of the company’s high-nickel 8 series and above ternary cathode products was nearly 90,000 tons, up 70.13% year-on-year. Among them, frontier materials such as high nickel, low cobalt and ultra-high nickel have been shipped in thousands of tons. According to the statistics of Xinyi Information, in 2022, the domestic market share of the company’s high-nickel ternary cathode materials was 33%, ranking first in the industry for three consecutive years, maintaining the first market share in the world for two consecutive years, and its leading edge continued to expand. During the reporting period, the company has built a cathode production capacity of 250,000 tons/year, and has four cathode material bases in Ezhou, Hubei, Xiantao, Zunyi, Guizhou and Chungju, South Korea.

　　During the reporting period, the company actively expanded its customer base, established cooperative relations with domestic new energy vehicle companies and mainstream car companies in Europe and America, and developed cutting-edge products.

　　(II) Merger and acquisition and integrated layout of lithium manganese iron phosphate, with product technology, market development and production and sales scale leading in the industry.

　　During the reporting period, the company formally laid out the field of lithium manganese phosphate (LMFP) through the acquisition of Schollander and its subsidiaries. The company’s existing production capacity is 6,200 tons/year, and it is the only enterprise that realizes mass production of lithium manganese iron phosphate. Its products cover 3C digital and power batteries in the sales market, and it is in a leading position in the product development of many well-known battery customers at home and abroad.

　　(III) Initiated the launch of a new strategic product-sodium battery cathode material, with comprehensive development capability and mass production progress leading the industry.

　　As a new battery material, the product competitiveness of sodium battery cathode material has been significantly improved compared with traditional materials, and it is expected to be widely used in low-end power battery market, energy storage market, 3C and small power market in the future. The company has comprehensively laid out three technical directions: layered oxide, Prussian blue/white and polyanion, and has completed sample submission and verification with dozens of downstream customers. The current capacity of sodium battery cathode materials is about 15,000 tons/year. During the reporting period, the company sold dozens of tons of sodium anode materials, and its comprehensive development capability and mass production progress were at the leading level in the industry.

　　(D) The strategic layout of globalization has been rapidly promoted, and the production capacity and customer development in South Korea have made remarkable progress.

　　The company’s Chungju base in South Korea is the first high-nickel anode production project built by China enterprises overseas, and the production capacity in South Korea is obviously scarce.

　　On the one hand, China products are subject to a tariff of 25% when exported to the United States, and a tariff of about 6% when exported to Europe; Korean products exported to European and American markets enjoy zero tariff policy.

　　On the other hand, according to the Inflation Reduction Act issued by the United States in August 2022, it is planned to invest about $370 billion in the fields of climate and clean energy, and products produced by countries that have signed free trade agreements (FTAs) with the United States, including more than 20 countries such as South Korea and Australia, can receive a certain percentage of subsidies. Compared with the domestic precursor material production base, the precursors produced by Chungju base in South Korea meet the requirements of the Act on qualified key minerals, and can get a tax credit of $3,750 per vehicle for qualified key minerals that meet the Act; Compared with the domestic cathode material production base, the cathode material produced by Chungju base in South Korea does not fall into the prohibitive restrictions stipulated in the bill, and it is expected to get a tax credit of $3,750 per vehicle. Therefore, the capacity layout of Chungju base in South Korea is of strategic significance.

　　During the reporting period, the Chungju base in South Korea has built a capacity of 20,000 tons/year of high-nickel cathode materials, and the production line has been verified by mainstream customers in Japan, South Korea, Europe and the United States, with a heavy volume basis. At present, the penetration rate of new energy vehicles in Europe and North America is significantly lower than that in China. The company’s internationalization strategy is rapidly advancing, and its products are mainly used in overseas markets, which has huge room for future development.

　　(five) the layout of cutting-edge technology, leading research and development advantages.

　　The company’s high-nickel and ultra-high-nickel multi-product sequence research and development technology is leading the industry. The advanced product lithium-rich manganese-based samples have passed the customer certification, and the spinel nickel-manganese has completed the pilot evaluation, and the related products have excellent performance such as capacity, cycle and rate. The quality and energy density of cathode materials for solid-state batteries have been greatly improved, which has been recognized by domestic and foreign solid-state battery customers.

　　The layered oxide cathode material for sodium battery has overcome the problems of residual alkali, too high pH value, serious gas production and poor cycle, etc., and has taken the lead in realizing the mass production and finalization of a number of sodium battery cathode materials in the industry, and all technical indicators have been evaluated by different customers and are in the forefront of the industry.

　　Lithium manganese iron phosphate material has been certified by many mainstream customers at home and abroad, and it is the first in the world to realize mass production and shipment of thousands of tons. At the same time, a new generation of high ferromanganese ratio products and ferromanganese lithium and ternary blended products have made technological breakthroughs, realizing small-scale mass production, and some customers have entered the stage of batch stability testing.

　　(6) The number of patent applications has reached a new high, and the intellectual property protection system is perfect.

　　The company has continuously intensified scientific research and innovation, tapped innovative talents, explored new materials and technologies while deepening the advantages of high nickel, and laid out a wide network of intellectual property protection around the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. In 2022, the company applied for a total of 235 patents, a year-on-year increase of 240%, a record high; The total number of patents granted reached 136, and the "intellectual edition" continued to upgrade. The company has laid out a large number of independent intellectual property rights around products, which can provide a strong guarantee for all products of the company to open up the market.

　　(seven) fully implement the "new integration" strategy.

　　The "new integration" strategy is an upgraded systematic competition strategy on the basis of traditional integrated competition, and it is an upgrade of business model. During the reporting period, the company’s "new integration" strategy was launched in an all-round way, integrating resources to the greatest extent to create a competitive new energy industry chain.

　　The most important role of the "new integration" strategy is to strengthen supply chain management, ensure the stable procurement and cost advantage of upstream raw materials by investing along the industrial chain and establishing strategic partnerships with upstream and downstream, and realize a large number of centralized supply to downstream customers. In 2022, the company invested in Liqin resources through Rongbai Battery Triangle Fund, and signed a "Long Order Purchase Agreement" with Liqin resources, forming a double cooperation of long-term procurement and capital. Establish a long-term supply relationship with () and Weilan New Energy, and carry out in-depth cooperation in technology, products and supply chain in the field of batteries and materials to jointly promote the rapid development of high-nickel batteries in the terminal market.

　　In 2022, the company reached a series of strategic cooperation and agreements with multi-level governments such as Hubei Province, Xiantao City and Hanyang District of Wuhan City, aiming at creating a systematic layout of Rongbai Technology in Hubei Province, including multi-dimensional in-depth cooperation such as production base, central China headquarters, new energy technology research institute and equity investment fund.

　　

　　II. Description of the company’s main business, business model, industry and R&D during the reporting period.

　　(a) the main business, main products or services.

　　The company is mainly engaged in the research, development, production and sales of ternary cathode materials and their precursors for lithium batteries. The products are mainly used in the manufacture of lithium batteries, power batteries for new energy vehicles, energy storage equipment and electronic products. The core products are ternary cathode and precursor materials of NCM811 series, NCA series, Ni90 and above ultra-high nickel series.

　　As the first cathode material manufacturer in China to realize mass production of NCM811 series products and apply them to international mainstream terminal car enterprises, the company’s NCM811 series products are in a leading position in the world in technology and production scale. The company has set up several advanced production bases in East China, Central China, Southwest China and South Korea, and laid out a circular industrial chain around the recycling of cathode materials.

　　In the future, cathode materials will develop in two directions: high energy density, safety and low cost. Lithium manganese phosphate and sodium anode materials will be widely used in low-end power market and energy storage market because of their high cost performance. While further strengthening the competitive advantage of high-nickel materials, the company will also accelerate the layout of lithium manganese phosphate and sodium anode materials, and continue to maintain a leading market share.

　　(II) Main business models

　　The company has an independent R&D, procurement, production and sales system, mainly through R&D, manufacturing and sales of ternary cathode materials and their precursors to achieve profitability.

　　1. R&D mode

　　The company has formed a customer-centered and market-oriented R&D system and continuously optimized it. The company has formed a three-level R&D organization of "group level-business department level-factory level", established a model of combining the R&D of the business department with the customer demand as the core and the research institute with the forward-looking new industry and high-end product research and development, and established an inter-departmental product development team through the form of integrated product development (IPD). The company’s Academia Sinica integrates the R&D resources of China, Japan and South Korea, and integrates cutting-edge research, technological innovation, evaluation and testing, resource recovery, engineering development and other resources and capabilities to establish a "horizontal+vertical" all-round R&D system to support the R&D capacity building from original innovation to mass production transformation and process improvement.

　　In terms of product development and industrialization, the company has trained a large number of R&D technicians, formed a systematic training mode for new R&D personnel, continued to empower technicians through R&D system training and knowledge sharing, and provided a steady stream of reserve talents for business expansion. While providing material samples, the company will give suggestions on the use conditions according to the development of customers’ battery products, assist customers to finalize the battery system, and jointly promote the development of product application market.

　　2. Purchasing mode

　　The company’s procurement mode mainly includes procurement strategy and supplier management. In terms of purchasing strategy, for major raw materials such as nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium, the company has established long-term cooperative relations with well-known raw material suppliers at home and abroad, such as Ganfeng Lithium Industry, Yabao, (), () and Liqin Resources, and formed a list of qualified suppliers with relatively stable, appropriate competition and dynamic adjustment, ensuring the continuous and stable supply of raw materials, excellent quality and reasonable price. In terms of supplier management, the company strictly controls procurement by promoting the standardization of bidding process and systematizing supplier evaluation to ensure the reliability and cost competitiveness of raw materials or equipment.

　　3. Production mode

　　The company mainly adopts the production mode based on sales and fixed production, establishes a perfect production process control program, and establishes a set of processes for quickly and effectively handling customer orders with customer orders and medium-and long-term demand as the core and guidance. After signing the order with the customer, the company will organize and manage the whole process of production planning, quality control and delivery according to the product technical indicators, quantity and delivery date required by the customer, so as to ensure the consistency of delivery on time and product quality. Reduce the inventory level, so as to control the cost reasonably and improve the efficiency of capital utilization.

　　The company also sets a certain safety stock according to market forecast, production capacity and inventory situation, so as to improve delivery speed and maintain balanced production. In order to meet the production of some new materials, the engineering department will optimize the production line layout and equipment structure according to the special needs of new products; In terms of quality control, the production department sets up key control points according to product performance requirements and related processes, and formulates control items and target values.

　　4. Sales model

　　The company mainly adopts the direct selling mode, and the downstream customers are mostly large and well-known lithium battery manufacturers at home and abroad, which are sold in both domestic and foreign markets. Due to the complex material system of lithium-ion battery, the research and development cycle of the main power lithium battery is long, and the manufacturing process requires high precision control. It is required that cathode material suppliers can provide supporting technical solutions and professional and timely technical support and services under different material systems and control systems to ensure the excellent quality of lithium-ion battery products.

　　In order to solve the problems of customers’ wide distribution, rapid development and large scale difference, the company adopts the parallel mode of regional management and large-scale project management in management mode, establishes four production bases in Hubei, Guizhou, Zhejiang and South Korea, and sets up offices in Ningde, Shenzhen and South Korea, so as to maximize the use of market resources, realize the rapid response of product technology, product quality and logistics transportation, and respond to customer needs quickly. In addition, for strategic customers, according to their specific requirements for product technical parameters, customized production is realized to ensure their stable supply and high performance requirements for products.

　　(3) the industry situation

　　1. The development stage, basic characteristics and main technical threshold of the industry.

　　Benefiting from the policy of "peak carbon dioxide emissions, Carbon Neutralization", new energy has developed rapidly around the world. The company’s industry is the cathode material industry of lithium-ion batteries, which belongs to the key material industry in the field of new energy, new materials and new energy vehicles. The explosion of the new energy vehicle market has driven the rapid expansion of the lithium battery industry. As one of the key materials of lithium batteries, the cathode material industry is in a high-speed development stage, and there is a strong demand in the downstream and terminal markets at present and in the future.

　　In 2022, the heat of lithium iron phosphate battery and high nickel ternary battery in the installed capacity of global power batteries increased, and lithium manganese phosphate and sodium battery cathode materials began to show their edge. With the characteristics of low cost, strong safety and the growth of energy storage market, Ferrous lithium phosphate’s loading capacity has increased significantly year-on-year; Restricted by the price of lithium and nickel, the increase speed of high nickel permeability is delayed, but the high density energy makes its position as one of the mainstream technologies in the future still stable; Lithium manganese iron phosphate has excellent comprehensive properties and is expected to replace middle and low nickel ternary materials and part of lithium iron. Sodium cathode materials have been initially applied in the fields of energy storage and low-speed power, and are expected to replace Ferrous lithium phosphate and lead-acid batteries in some fields due to their low cost, high safety and excellent low-temperature performance.

　　In the long run, the development of power batteries needs to take into account the goals of cost and energy density, and the two technical paths represented by lithium manganese phosphate and high nickel ternary are the most clear. Compared with Ferrous lithium phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate has higher density and energy, and retains the safety and low cost characteristics of lithium iron phosphate batteries. The high nickel route can significantly reduce the material cost and ensure high specific capacity. Thanks to the more competitive cost per watt-hour and the continuous emergence of lithium battery structure innovation technology, as the mainstream choice of high-end models and long-life models in domestic and foreign OEMs, there is no doubt that the market application field of high nickel batteries will expand for a long time.

　　At present, there is a high technical threshold in the high nickel ternary cathode material industry, which is mainly reflected in three aspects: development technical barriers, production technical barriers and quality certification barriers. A high threshold of R&D technology requires not only technical modification such as doping and coating, but also calcination in oxygen atmosphere, which puts forward higher and higher requirements for production line design ability, personalized product development ability and technical service ability, as well as more stringent requirements for humidity control of production environment, corrosion resistance of equipment and automation level.

　　In addition, high-nickel ternary cathode material is one of the most important raw materials for power batteries, which has a great influence on the core performance and safety performance of power batteries. Considering the product stability and safety, the certification and testing procedures for NCM811, NCA and other products are more complicated for car companies and power battery companies, which require not only long-term product performance testing, but also detailed evaluation of manufacturers’ comprehensive supply capacity, automatic production management level, low cost and quality stability and consistency under mass production.

　　2. Analysis of the industry position of the company and its changes.

　　During the reporting period, based on the new integration strategy, the company transformed and upgraded to a comprehensive cathode material supplier covering the whole market. While firmly taking the high nickel route, it actively laid out lithium manganese phosphate and sodium battery materials, covering high, medium and low-end power, small power, energy storage and digital market, and became the fastest cathode material company in transformation.

　　According to the statistics of Xinyi Information, in 2022, the cumulative output of ternary materials in China was 602,300 tons, up 51.3% year-on-year, and the cumulative output of high-nickel materials (8 series and above) was 269,400 tons, up 76.9% year-on-year, and the permeability reached 44.7%. At the same time, Xinyi information data shows that in 2022, the domestic market share of the company’s high-nickel ternary cathode materials was 33%, ranking first in the industry for three consecutive years, maintaining the first global market share for two consecutive years, and its leading edge continued to expand. During the reporting period, the company built a high-nickel production capacity of 250,000 tons, leading the world in production capacity, realizing the completion and commissioning of the first overseas high-nickel cathode production capacity project in China’s cathode industry, and promoting the globalization of production capacity in China’s cathode industry. The main customers of the company’s high-nickel products have covered Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Funeng Technology, Honeycomb Energy, SKon, () and other well-known lithium-ion battery manufacturers at home and abroad. As the main suppliers of high-nickel anodes such as Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited and Funeng Technology, the company’s high-nickel products have been introduced into the international mainstream customer supply system, and have taken the lead in large-scale application in new energy vehicle power batteries worldwide.

　　In 2022, the company achieved rapid entry into the lithium manganese phosphate track through the acquisition of Schollander. As the only enterprise in the world that achieved large-scale mass production of lithium manganese phosphate, the company’s existing products are in a leading position in the development and certification of many mainstream customers at home and abroad. The background of high lithium price provides a strategic opportunity for the industrialization of sodium ion batteries. The company has comprehensively laid out three technical directions of layered oxide, Prussian blue/white and polyanion through self-research, and has completed sample submission verification with dozens of downstream customers. The comprehensive development capability and mass production progress are at the leading level in the industry, and the company has an absolute leading edge in the technical route of layered oxide with the fastest commercialization.

　　In 2023, the company’s production capacity layout in China and South Korea gradually landed, and the strategic planning research in Europe and the United States was gradually carried out. The company will continue to promote technology iteration and new product development and application, firmly implement the new integration strategy, keep up with industry trends, and consolidate the company’s position as the world’s leading supplier of cathode materials.

　　3. The development of new technologies, (), new formats and new models during the reporting period and the future development trend.

　　During the reporting period, the new energy vehicle market developed at a high speed, and the performance requirements of power batteries and energy storage batteries continued to improve. As one of the cores of new energy power batteries, cathode materials directly affected the battery’s energy density, cycle, rate, internal resistance and other aspects, and it was a high-cost part of lithium/sodium batteries. The following is the development and future development trend of new technologies during the reporting period:

　　1.4680 electrodeless large cylindrical battery

　　The 4680 battery, a brand-new cylindrical battery with a diameter of 46 mm and a height of 80 mm, is suitable for mid-to-high-end passenger cars. The battery adopts electrodeless ear, large battery core and dry battery technology to improve work efficiency and safety, and has the advantages of high energy density, low cost, high safety and long life. According to the open market data, the capacity of a single cell of 4680 battery is increased by 5 times, and the power is increased by 6 times. At the vehicle level, the cruising range is increased by 16% and the cost is reduced by 14%. The large-scale process improvement is realized to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost. The core difficulties of this technical route are mainly reflected in welding technology, dry electrode technology and yield. In 2022, through process improvement, Tesla 4680 battery has increased the product yield from the initial 20% to 92%, and the weekly production capacity of 4680 batteries has reached 868,000, breaking through the yield bottleneck. The market expects that 2023 will become its first year of mass production.

　　The high safety of 4680 large cylindrical battery adapts to high-density system, and its packaging structure has high thermal safety and mechanical properties, which greatly reduces the risk of high nickel ternary application. At present, NCM811 is the main anode of 4680 battery, and if ultra-high nickel Ni90 is used instead of NCM811 in the future, the cost can be reduced and the efficiency can be improved. With the mass production and production line expansion of 4680 battery, high nickel ternary materials will be the first to benefit. As the first cathode material manufacturer in China to realize mass production of NCM811 series products and apply them to international mainstream terminal car enterprises, the mass production application of 4680 battery will bring broad market opportunities for the company.

　　2. Sodium ion battery

　　Sodium ion battery is a kind of secondary battery. Compared with Ferrous lithium phosphate lithium ion battery, its cost can be reduced by 30%-40%, and its low temperature performance is excellent. In the low temperature test at -20℃, the capacity retention rate can reach more than 88%, which is much higher than that of Ferrous lithium phosphate lithium ion battery. In the future, it is expected to be widely used in energy storage, low-speed electric vehicles, electric two-wheeled vehicles, electric boats and other fields with low energy density but strong cost sensitivity. In 2022, under the background of high-priced lithium, the key scene of superimposed energy storage broke out, and sodium ion batteries with similar working principles to lithium ion batteries flourished. Demand pull+technical thrust became the key point for the industrialization of sodium ion batteries from 0 to 1.

　　At present, the mainstream cathode materials of sodium ion batteries mainly include layered oxides, Prussian analogues, polyanionic compounds and so on. Layered oxide has the advantages of simple preparation method, easy mass production conversion, high energy density and high rate performance, which is the main layout direction of domestic enterprises and is expected to be the first to realize industrialization. Prussian compounds have the advantages of low cost and high specific mass energy density. The main advantages of polyanionic compounds are low cost of raw materials, stable structure and good cycle performance. At present, the cathode material of sodium battery presents the situation of coexistence of multiple routes.

　　At present, the company has comprehensively laid out three technical directions in the field of sodium battery cathode materials: layered oxide, Prussian blue/white and polyanion, and has completed the sample submission verification of many downstream customers, and its comprehensive development capability and mass production progress are at the leading level in the industry.

　　3. Lithium manganese iron phosphate battery

　　Lithium ferromanganese phosphate is an upgraded version of Ferrous lithium phosphate, which is a new type of phosphate cathode material for lithium ion batteries, which is formed by doping a certain proportion of manganese on the basis of Ferrous lithium phosphate. High energy density is the core advantage of LiFePO4 compared with Ferrous lithium phosphate. The energy density is about 15% higher, and it has a higher voltage platform, while retaining the safety and low cost characteristics of LiFePO4 batteries. With the progress of modification technologies such as carbon coating, nanocrystallization and lithium supplementation, the conductivity that used to restrict the development of lithium manganese phosphate has been improved, and the industrialization process has been accelerated. According to market estimates, in 2023, domestic lithium manganese phosphate will be mass-produced stably and applied to the field of electric vehicles on a large scale. Through the acquisition of Schollander, the company achieved mass production of lithium ferromanganese, actively cooperated with downstream customer certification, and the development progress was in the forefront.

　　4. Lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials

　　Lithium-rich manganese-based materials take cheap manganese as the main transition metal element, and the specific discharge capacity can reach 250mAh/g and above. Compared with LFP, NCM and NCA, lithium-rich manganese-based materials have higher mass and energy density, which is about 1.5 times of the actual capacity of commercial cathode materials at present, and can improve the endurance of power batteries. Its nickel content is only about 30% of ternary materials, and cobalt element is not needed, so the cost is low.

　　At present, lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials are in the research and development stage as a whole, and technical problems such as improving rate performance and restraining voltage attenuation during cycle and storage need to be solved. If the technical bottleneck is solved, lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials will become the cathode materials with great potential for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries, and will be widely used in automobile, energy storage, small power, digital and other fields.

　　5. Solid-state battery

　　The biggest difference between solid-state lithium battery and traditional lithium battery lies in electrolyte. Traditional lithium batteries use a separator+electrolyte with a liquid substance in the middle, while solid-state batteries use solid electrolyte. Compared with traditional lithium batteries, solid-state lithium batteries have better safety and higher energy density.

　　At present, the electrolytes of solid-state batteries that have been used or are close to commercial use include polymers, sulfides and oxides. Among them, oxide electrolyte has the best air stability, which is widely used in solid-liquid mixed system solid-state batteries, and its cost is low. The main defect is that the interface contact problem has not been solved perfectly. Oxide electrolyte is more suitable for power batteries. Nowadays, most domestic enterprises choose the technical route of oxide system, and its manufacturing process and modification level are also steadily improving. In addition, sulfide electrolyte shows high rate performance in all-solid-state system by virtue of its ionic conductivity comparable to that of liquid electrolyte, and major battery cells and car companies in Japan, South Korea, Europe and America are actively deploying sulfide all-solid-state battery business. The electrochemical window based on sulfide electrolyte is narrow, and the stability of the interface between electrolyte and anode and cathode is poor, so further improvement is needed to realize industrialization.

　　Based on the intrinsic defects of electrolyte, the company has prepared solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, developed ternary cathode materials suitable for solid-state batteries, and improved the interface compatibility between ternary cathode and solid electrolyte, which has been highly recognized by downstream customers at home and abroad.

　　(IV) Core technologies and R&D progress

　　1. Core technologies and their advanced features and changes during the reporting period.

　　Since its establishment in 2014, the company has been deeply involved in the research and development, production and manufacturing of cathode materials and precursors for lithium-ion batteries, and has successfully mastered a number of industry-leading core technologies with outstanding scientific and technological innovation capabilities and industrial M&A capabilities. By December 31st, 2022, the company had 346 registered patents (72 invention patents and 274 utility model patents) at home and abroad, which protected the core technology. The company actively carries out technical layout around the frontier of lithium/sodium battery materials. The main core technologies cover cathode materials, precursors, resource recovery and related materials of lithium/sodium batteries, including ultra-high nickel (Nimo%≥90) cathode materials production technology, NCMA quaternary cathode materials production technology, sodium layered oxide cathode materials production technology, cathode materials atmosphere sintering technology, high-voltage single crystal materials production technology, precursor coprecipitation technology, NiCoMn metal recovery technology and so on. The company has tons of experience in producing ferromanganese Prussian white sodium ion battery materials and the preparation technology of various types of solid electrolytes, and is continuously improving the high-voltage nickel-manganese cycle performance, and at the same time increasing the research on lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials and lithium ferromanganese phosphate cathode materials. The company is committed to the cultivation, development, achievement transformation and industrialization of core technologies. The high-nickel low-cost cathode materials and ultra-high-nickel cathode materials have made breakthroughs in the large-scale stable preparation of production lines, and small quantities are supplied to domestic and foreign customers including power batteries, semi-solid batteries, 3C and other fields.

　　2. R&D achievements obtained during the reporting period

　　During the reporting period, the company comprehensively promoted the concept of integrated product development in Academia Sinica and related business divisions, greatly optimized the collaboration between the research institute and various departments of the company, rationalized the organizational structure, planned regional R&D centers such as Central China New Energy Technology Research Institute, and signed the Project Cooperation Agreement between Hubei New Energy Technology Research Institute and Central China Regional Headquarters with the Hanyang District People’s Government of Wuhan. In order to improve the detection and analysis ability of batteries and materials, the company carried out battery chemistry research business, and increased investment in the detection of positive electrodes and precursors and electrochemical mechanism research; In view of the rapid development of the new energy industry chain (peers, customers, industry technology status and development trend, etc.), a market analysis business department was established to collect and analyze industry information, which served as the direction basis for the promotion of R&D technology, effectively supporting the company’s material development and mass production introduction speed, and significantly improving the company’s R&D strength.

　　During the reporting period, the company applied for 357 new patents. Among them, there are 136 domestic invention patents and 221 domestic utility model patents; The company added 208 authorized patents.

　　3. R&D investment table

　　Reasons for significant changes in total R&D investment compared with the previous year

　　During the reporting period, the R&D investment of the Company was RMB486,554,300, an increase of RMB127,051,600 or 35.34% over the same period of last year. At the same time, the number of R&D personnel increased by 102, an increase of 20.52%. In addition, the company pays attention to product research and development and technological innovation, continuously increases investment in research and development, and actively conducts research on new product development and process upgrading.

　　4. Research projects

　　letter of presentation

　　This year, the company made breakthroughs in the key materials of solid-state batteries, cathode materials of sodium ion batteries and new battery materials such as spinel lithium nickel manganate and lithium-rich manganese, which enhanced the company’s technical reserves in the cutting-edge technical fields of new energy industry from the aspects of system expansion, technical breakthrough and experimental scale enlargement, and provided strong technical support for the second step of the company’s strategy "running an industry well".

　　5. R&D personnel

　　6. Other explanations

　　

　　Iii. Analysis of core competitiveness during the reporting period

　　(A) analysis of core competitiveness

　　The company’s main product, Ni-Co-Mn ternary cathode material, is the core key material of power battery in new energy automobile industry, which directly determines the energy density, cycle life, safety and product cost of power battery. After years of accumulation and exploration, the company has formed comprehensive competitive advantages such as technological innovation and product research and development advantages ahead of the industry, customer collaborative service advantages, engineering equipment development and production line design, as follows:

　　1, industry-leading independent innovation core technology advantages

　　In terms of independent innovation, the company has formed and mastered a number of internationally advanced and mature key core technologies in the manufacturing field of ternary cathode materials and their precursors through continuous R&D investment and technical exploration, and has independent intellectual property rights with clear ownership. The ternary cathode materials with high nickel, ultra-high nickel polycrystalline and single crystal developed by the company are at the international leading level, and are used in the cutting-edge products of many well-known and leading power battery manufacturers at home and abroad.

　　2. Advantages of R&D system with outstanding scientific and technological innovation capability

　　The company integrates transnational R&D teams and resources of China, Japan and Korea, and actively develops new products and promotes the quality improvement of existing products through independent R&D and technical cooperation. Since its establishment, the company has continuously overcome a number of key core technologies in the field of ternary cathode materials for power batteries, and successively introduced high-end material products such as NCM523, NCM622, multi-generation high-nickel NCM811, NCA and NCMA, and cooperated with many domestic battery manufacturers to develop a variety of new power batteries with high energy density.

　　3. Multi-level technical reserve advantages of continuous iteration

　　Through continuous and in-depth technology research and development layout, the company promotes internal and independent product upgrading and new product development, and realizes the iteration of industry technology upgrading. The company implements the research and development strategy of "cutting-edge technology research, product development under research, and continuous optimization in production". In addition to continuous optimization and upgrading of mass-produced products, it has also implemented a number of cutting-edge new product development projects. The company has continuously made technological breakthroughs in the development of new materials suitable for solid-state batteries, such as modified high nickel/ultra-high nickel ternary cathode materials, oxide solid electrolyte and sodium ion battery cathode materials, lithium manganese phosphate cathode materials, lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials, and spinel lithium nickel manganate cathode materials.

　　4. Positioning the advantages of customer resources of first mover and in-depth cooperation.

　　Cathode material is the key core material of ternary lithium battery. Lithium battery manufacturers implement strict certification mechanism for suppliers, and it usually takes several years from sample delivery to mass production. The company’s high-nickel products first passed the certification procedures of many mainstream lithium battery manufacturers at home and abroad. With the first mass production and continuous launch of multi-generation single crystal and high-nickel products, it has formed obvious first-Mover advantage and good market reputation in the industry. At the same time, the company has established long-term service and supporting development cooperation with mainstream lithium battery manufacturers at home and abroad. By entering the supply chain of international mainstream automobile enterprises, it can more accurately grasp the technical trends and commercial needs of new energy vehicle power batteries and ensure the accuracy of the company’s business direction. In the future, on the basis of further deepening the comprehensive strategic cooperation with major domestic customers, the company will actively promote the establishment of strategic cooperative relations with international customers or sign long-term supply agreements to further optimize the customer structure.

　　5, continuous iterative innovation of engineering technology and ability advantages

　　During the reporting period, the Company established the Engineering Division and started the construction of Xiantao Engineering Equipment Company in Xiantao, Hubei Province, improving the organizational construction, and plans to continuously upgrade the barriers in the field of engineering equipment in terms of engineering technology innovation, engineering equipment innovation, engineering management integration and supply chain development. The company’s high nickel production line is compatible with the production of ultra-high nickel materials, sodium ion cathode materials, nickel-manganese binary materials and so on. In order to enhance the advantages of production line, the company will also carry out in-depth pre-research and reserve of equipment technology, focus on independent development and manufacturing of core equipment, carry out research on new process equipment and engineering production line technology of precursor-cathode integration, and promote the industrial application of new equipment; Promote the introduction of information automation technology for new production lines and improve the overall intelligence level of production lines; Continuously strengthen the project management ability, improve the stability and qualified rate of the production line, and study the replication of project experience to realize the rapid expansion of the project and reduce the investment and operation cost of the production line.

　　6. Grasp the advantages of industrial layout of core technologies of green economy.

　　While mastering the integrated core technology of ternary cathode materials and their precursors, the company actively laid out the business field of recycling waste lithium battery materials, formed a complete closed-loop and competitive advantage of power battery recycling, and actively promoted environmentally friendly production methods. The company has the core technologies of recycling waste materials such as "NiCoMn metal recycling technology" and "Li2CO3 recycling technology", and can recover usable nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium materials through inorganic acid dissolution, impurity removal, coprecipitation and other methods, with high comprehensive recovery rate, which is at the leading level in the industry. TMR Co., Ltd., a joint venture subsidiary invested by the company, has realized the mature application of lithium battery waste recycling business, which is an important strategic layout for the company to expand into the field of power battery recycling. In addition, the company adopted a number of recycling technologies in the production process of ternary material precursors, which realized the eco-recycling economy of precursor production while avoiding environmental impact.

　　7. Competitive advantages of multi-product layout and multi-application scenario coverage.

　　The company has realized multi-product layout, not only developing different series of products in ternary cathode, but also laying out the front cathode materials such as lithium manganese phosphate, sodium battery, high-voltage lithium nickel manganate and lithium-rich manganese base, and it is one of the few cathode material manufacturers in the industry with full market coverage. The company can fully cover the two major market demands of power and energy storage through three cathode materials: high nickel ternary, lithium manganese phosphate and sodium electricity. The company’s high-nickel ternary materials are mainly used in the high-end market of new energy vehicles. The series of mixed products of high-nickel ternary and ferromanganese lithium and pure products of ferromanganese lithium will be mainly used in the low-end market and energy storage market of new energy vehicles, and the sodium battery cathode materials can be widely used in the energy storage market. The company’s multi-product layout and multi-application scenario coverage provide a strong guarantee for the company’s performance and the second growth curve.

　　8. Unique advantages of M&A integration and integration of industry and finance.

　　The company is jointly established by two teams, China and South Korea, which have more than 20 years of successful entrepreneurial experience in the lithium battery industry. It has formed a mature tool system for mergers and acquisitions in sub-sectors and has the ability to integrate, extend and improve the industrial chain for cross-cultural and cross-regional enterprises. In December, 2021, the company acquired Fenggu Energy Saving, the first domestic company to develop and mass-produce ceramic rotary kiln equipment, to improve the matching between process equipment and cathode technology and to raise the manufacturing barriers of cathode materials. In March 2022, the company cooperated with the platform of Xiantao City, Hubei Province, and set up an equity investment fund, focusing on the upstream industry of lithium battery cathode materials and the battery manufacturing, application and recycling industries to achieve a coordinated industrial layout. In July 2022, the company acquired Schollander, a lithium manganese iron phosphate cathode material company, which enriched the company’s product structure and enhanced the company’s comprehensive competitiveness in the field of cathode materials. In the future, under the guidance of the company’s new integration strategy, the company will continue to give play to the advantages of industrial mergers and acquisitions integration and integration of industry and finance. The company will not only focus on ternary cathode and precursor materials, but also invest in upstream, horizontal and downstream to realize business synergy, innovation synergy and strategic synergy of the whole industry chain.

　　(II) Events that have seriously affected the core competitiveness of the company during the reporting period, impact analysis and countermeasures.

　　

　　Fourth, risk factors

　　(A) Not yet profitable risk

　　(2) Risk of sharp decline in performance or loss

　　(C) core competitiveness risks

　　The key core competitiveness of lithium battery cathode material enterprises lies in product research and development innovation ability and manufacturing technology. The technology of power lithium batteries and cathode materials is updated quickly, and the application market of cathode materials for lithium batteries has extremely strict requirements on product performance and quality. It is very important for the company’s sustainable development to continuously maintain a high-quality technical team, develop and manufacture high value-added products with industrial competitiveness.

　　The company attaches great importance to the cultivation and introduction of technical personnel to ensure the effective organization and successful implementation of various R&D work, but it may still face the risk of core technology leakage and technical personnel loss brought about by industry competition in the future. The company has established corresponding confidentiality system and job isolation system for core technologies, strictly supervised proprietary technical data and information, and signed technical confidentiality agreements with relevant managers and technicians. However, if there is a loss of technical personnel, the company is at risk of technology leakage, which will adversely affect the company’s production and operation. At the same time, if there is a breakthrough in the core technology of power batteries and cathode materials in the future, and the company cannot always maintain the industry-leading level of new technology and new product development and continue to make progress, it will have an adverse impact on the company’s market position and core competitiveness.

　　(4) Operational risks

　　1. Risk of raw material supply and price fluctuation

　　The upstream raw materials of ternary cathode materials produced by the company are nickel salt, cobalt salt and lithium salt. Because of the high price of related raw materials, the raw material cost accounts for a high proportion of the total production cost of ternary cathode materials. Although the company has established a relatively complete raw material procurement management system and strategic suppliers cooperation relationship, changes in the macroeconomic situation and unexpected events may still cause great fluctuations in raw material supply and prices, thus having a greater impact on the company’s operation.

　　2. Risk of capacity expansion and underutilization

　　Based on the expectation of high-speed growth of the industry and the cooperation of downstream customers, during the reporting period, the company rapidly expanded its production capacity, including Hubei Ezhou Phase V, Hubei Xiantao Phase I, Korea Cathode Project Phase I-I and Guizhou Phase I-II. Although the project has been fully and scientifically demonstrated, and the company has mastered the production technology and technology of implementing the project, and at the same time strengthened the work of talent reserve and training, there may still be risks such as changes in the external market environment, poor project construction management, delayed project progress, and insufficient utilization rate of project completion capacity in the process of project implementation, which will adversely affect the company’s operating performance.

　　3. Management risks brought by rapid growth

　　In recent years, with the accelerated expansion of the company’s production capacity, the transnational multi-base operation involves an increasingly huge organizational structure and a gradual extension of the management chain, and the overall management difficulty of the company is gradually increasing. If the company’s management level cannot meet the needs of the rapid expansion of the company’s scale, and the organizational model and management system are not adjusted and improved in time, the company will face the risk of losses due to improper management control.

　　4. Risk of intensified market competition

　　During the reporting period, the industrialization trend of high-nickel ternary power battery was obvious, attracting new entrants to invest in the research and development and mass production of high-nickel ternary cathode materials, gradually expanding the industry capacity supply and intensifying market competition. As a leading enterprise of high nickel ternary cathode materials, if the company fails to maintain its technical advantages, it may be affected by factors such as intensified market competition or changes in new technologies, which will have a great adverse impact on its operating performance. At the same time, the market competition of downstream power battery manufacturers is intensified. With the adjustment of subsidy policy for new energy vehicles, the pressure of cost reduction will be transmitted to the upstream cathode material industry of lithium batteries, and the company will face the risk of further intensified market competition.

　　5. Other operational risks

　　The company has the risk of market demand fluctuation in the new energy automobile industry, the risk of high balance of accounts receivable and bad debts, and the risk of substantial increase in financial expenses, which will have a certain impact on the company’s performance. Some of the company’s businesses are settled in foreign currency, and the changes in the political and economic environment at home and abroad may make the company face the risk of exchange rate fluctuations.

　　(V) Financial risks

　　During the reporting period, the company expanded the three cathode manufacturing bases in Hubei, Guizhou and South Korea and the high nickel precursor project in Linshan, Zhejiang, with a large investment scale. At the same time, the newly built production capacity and the management measures at the supply chain end have led to an increase in the demand for working capital. During the reporting period, the company’s asset-liability ratio increased, and the cash flow from operating activities was a net outflow. Although the company has established a relatively complete fund management system to strictly control the asset-liability ratio and liquidity risk, changes in the macroeconomic environment, changes in supply and demand in the capital market, changes in interest rates and other factors may cause the company to face liquidity risk and interest rate risk.

　　(VI) Industry risks

　　The company’s lithium battery ternary cathode material is mainly used in the field of power batteries for new energy vehicles. Changes in policies and technical routes related to the new energy automobile industry may have an important impact on the development of cathode materials for power batteries and lithium batteries.

　　1. Risk of market demand fluctuation in the industry

　　Despite the rapid growth of new energy vehicle market in recent years, the overall proportion of new energy vehicle production and sales in the automobile industry is still low, and factors such as purchase cost, charging time, endurance and supporting charging facilities will restrict the development of new energy vehicle industry. In the future, if the industrial policy to promote the development of new energy vehicles changes, the construction and promotion of supporting facilities fail to meet the growth of customer demand in time, and the customer’s recognition of new energy vehicle consumption is less than expected, the market demand for new energy vehicles may fluctuate greatly, which will affect the market demand of power lithium battery manufacturers for cathode materials, which will adversely affect the company’s production and operation.

　　2. The risk of changes in the technical route of the industry

　　There are technical routes such as lithium batteries and fuel batteries in the practical application of power batteries for new energy vehicles, and lithium batteries can be divided into ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. In recent years, the market share of high-nickel ternary lithium batteries in the field of power batteries for new energy vehicles (especially passenger cars) has shown a rapid upward trend. The company’s main business direction is high-nickel ternary cathode materials. However, if the mainstream technical route of power batteries for new energy vehicles changes unfavorably in the future, the market demand of ternary cathode materials will be affected to some extent. If the company fails to develop and launch new technical materials in time and effectively, it will have a significant adverse impact on the company’s competitive advantage and profitability.

　　(VII) Macro-environmental risks

　　Sudden public health events or force majeure such as earthquakes and typhoons may affect the continuous operation of the company’s business divisions. The company has formulated a business continuity plan to promote the recovery of key businesses, functions and technologies in a timely and organized manner before, during and after an emergency or destructive event, so as to ensure the sustainable and stable development of the company’s business. However, if the company’s business continuity plan cannot cope with the impact of related emergencies and force majeure, it may have an adverse impact on the company’s business, finance, operating performance and prospects. The company will pay close attention to the development trend of macro-environmental risks and actively reduce their impact on the company’s finances and operations.

　　(8) Risks related to depositary receipts

　　(9) Other major risks.

　　1. Risks related to fundraising projects

　　Although the company’s initial public offering and listing of funds to invest in the project has been fully demonstrated by the company, the demonstration is based on the current national industrial policy, industry development trend, changes in customer demand and other conditions. In the actual operation process, there may still be a risk that the market environment will suddenly change or the industry competition will intensify, resulting in the project’s income being less than expected.

　　2. Safety production and environmental protection risks

　　The company has established a relatively complete safety production management system. With the tightening of regulatory policies and the expansion of the company’s business scale, the pressure on safety and environmental protection is also increasing, and there may be the risk of safety and environmental protection accidents caused by force majeure events such as equipment failure, improper human operation and natural disasters. In addition, a small amount of waste gas, waste water and waste residue will inevitably be produced in the production process of the company’s precursor products, which may have adverse effects on the surrounding environment if it is not handled properly. In the event of a safety and environmental accident, the company will be punished by the relevant government regulatory authorities, ordered to rectify or stop production, and then the normal production and operation of the company will be affected.

　　

　　V. Main operations during the reporting period

　　During the reporting period, faced with challenges such as high raw material prices, the company provided customers with cutting-edge high-energy-density products through comprehensive competitive advantages such as technological innovation and product research and development advantages ahead of the industry, customer collaborative service advantages, engineering equipment development and production line design, maintained the first-Mover advantage and good market reputation in the industry, and promoted the company’s sustainable development strategy.

　　During the reporting period, the company achieved an operating income of 30.123 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 193.62%; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 1.353 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 48.54%; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was 1.317 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 62.92%; The net cash outflow from operating activities was 241 million yuan.

VI. The Company’s Discussion and Analysis on the Company’s Future Development

　　(A) the industry pattern and trends

　　It is imperative to transform the global energy pattern into new energy sources. With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and energy storage, the market predicts that the lithium battery industry will have more than ten times the growth space in the next decade.

　　The development of the industry promotes the innovation of battery structure, and the 4680 cylindrical and Kirin batteries further innovate the power battery structure, promoting the wide application of high nickel and ultra-high nickel cathode material technology. Tesla launched 4680 large cylindrical batteries, which can increase the energy of a single battery by 5 times, increase the cruising range by 16%, and reduce the cost by 14%, and the volume is just around the corner. Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited publicly released Kirin battery (CTP3.0), with the highest utilization rate of volume and space reaching 72%. At the same time, the energy density of ternary battery system can be increased to 255Wh/kg, and the vehicle life can be over 1000km. It has been mass-produced, which will further drive the demand for high-nickel and ultra-high-nickel cathode materials.

　　The company expects that the cathode materials will develop in two major directions: low cost and high energy density on the premise of meeting high safety. High nickel ternary batteries are mainly used in the high-end market of new energy vehicles. According to statistics of GGII and other institutions, the penetration rate of domestic high-nickel materials (8 series and above) reached 44.7% in 2022, and the ternary market continued the trend of high nickel, while the iterative upgrading of products continued to accelerate. With the maturity of high-nickel technology, the improvement of yield and the scale of material system, the advantages of high energy density are highlighted, the comprehensive cost of batteries is reduced, and the market share of high-nickel batteries will further increase. Products such as lithium manganese phosphate (LMFP) and sodium battery cathode materials have high performance-to-price ratio, and will be applied to low-end power battery market, energy storage market, 3C digital and small power market.

　　China’s lithium battery and material enterprises are playing a more and more important role in the global new energy industry chain. According to SNEResearch, in 2022, the global installed capacity of power batteries for new energy vehicles reached 517.9Gwh, up 71.8% year-on-year. According to SNE’s data, in 2022, among the top ten battery suppliers in the world, six companies from China were listed, with a total market share of 60.4%, up by 12 percentage points year-on-year. According to statistics of GGII and other institutions, in 2022, the global ternary cathode materials shipped about 980,000 tons, of which 550,000 tons were shipped from China, accounting for 56% of the world. In 2022, the company’s global ternary cathode market share was about 9%, up 1 percentage point year-on-year, ranking first in the world, and the market share of China enterprises will further increase in the future.

　　The overseas market demand is rapidly increasing, and the global layout has become an industry consensus. According to the data of European Automobile Manufacturers Association, in 2022, 30 European countries registered 2.589 million new energy passenger cars, up 14.6% year-on-year; According to the data of the American Automobile Innovation Alliance, in 2022, the sales volume of new energy light vehicles in the United States reached 913,000, a year-on-year increase of 41.1%. With the global emphasis on the new energy industry chain and the deepening of its cultivation, countries have also developed relevant industrial policies to cultivate local enterprises (such as the American IRA Act, etc.), and the layout of production capacity in overseas bases will help enterprises improve their ability to resist risks. The company has completed and put into production 20,000 tons/year high nickel cathode material in Korea, with a total planned production capacity of 100,000 tons/year, serving mainstream batteries and end customers such as Japan, South Korea, Europe and America.

　　(II) Company development strategy

　　In 2022, the company completed the transformation to a comprehensive supplier of cathode materials covering the whole market. The high-nickel ternary, lithium manganese phosphate and sodium battery series materials will achieve comprehensive coverage of the high-end, low-end power battery market, energy storage market, 3C digital and small power market. The company is positioned as the operator of the lithium battery new energy material industry, focusing on high-nickel cathode materials, and at the same time laying out lithium manganese iron phosphate and sodium battery cathode materials to build a competitive circular industrial chain around the battery triangle. The company focuses on the main business of cathode materials and carries out comprehensive innovation around the main business, including product innovation, process and equipment innovation, supply chain innovation and management innovation, so as to establish industry barriers with competitors; On the other hand, through strategic cooperation and capital cooperation, we can establish business synergy, innovation synergy and strategic synergy with upstream and downstream, so as to improve the efficiency of the whole industrial chain, reduce costs, build a competitive industrial chain and achieve a win-win situation for partners in the industrial chain.

　　In 2023, the company will accelerate the strategic layout of globalization, which is not only reflected in the industrial layout, but also in the overall spatial layout. In the future, the company will explore other overseas regions except China and South Korea. From the global market, the penetration rate of domestic new energy vehicles is close to 30% in 2022, which is significantly higher than other markets. With the upgrading of domestic battery technology and consumption level, the market share of high-nickel cathode materials in the domestic middle and high-end market will be further improved. At present, the company’s high-nickel products are sold to overseas terminal markets through major battery customers. In 2022, the penetration rate of new energy vehicles in the European market will exceed 20%, and the penetration rate of new energy vehicles in the US market will be less than 10%. Overseas markets have great room for growth, and the company’s Korean production base is scarce. The company will accelerate the expansion of this base to better serve international customers.

　　The company adheres to the development mission of developing new energy industry, improving the living environment of human beings, creating a bright future for the company and employees, and repaying the society, with the vision of establishing a new energy industry cluster with first-class innovation ability and high commercial civilization.

　　(3) Business plan

　　The new energy industry has maintained rapid growth, and it is expected that there will still be more than ten times the growth space in the future. In 2022, the installed capacity of lithium batteries for new energy vehicles in the world is 517GWh. With the increase of demand for new energy vehicles and the outbreak of energy storage market, it is estimated that the installed capacity of lithium batteries will exceed 6000GWh in 2030, which has more than 10 times the growth space compared with 2022.

　　At present, the penetration rate of electrification in Europe and America is low, and there are significant structural development opportunities in overseas markets. In 2022, the penetration rate of new energy vehicles in 30 European countries was 22.9%; The penetration rate of new energy vehicles in America is 6.7%. It is an inevitable trend for European and American countries to transform their energy structure into new energy sources and improve the penetration rate of electric vehicles. At present, the overall European and American markets have greater opportunities and the installed capacity of lithium batteries has increased at a higher rate.

　　The competition pattern of cathode material industry will further move towards concentration from dispersion. From 2018 to 2022, the market share of China ternary cathode CR5 increased from 48.2% to 59%. In the future, as the product technology is finalized and large-scale leading enterprises continue to deepen and expand their competitive advantages in the market and products, their share will be further concentrated.

　　(1) Upgrade from a high-nickel faucet to a platform-based and group-based comprehensive supplier of cathode materials, and promote comprehensive coverage of market applications.

　　In July, 2022, the company held a strategic conference to announce its transformation from a high-nickel leader to a platform and group-based comprehensive supplier of cathode materials. Its products cover high-nickel materials, lithium ferromanganese and sodium battery materials, and its application fields cover high, medium and low-end power, small power, energy storage and digital market, which is the only and fastest-growing cathode material company in the industry.

　　In 2023, the company will further maintain the leading edge of 8 series high nickel products, actively expand new customers and increase market share. At the same time, the company will promote the mass production of 9 series ultra-high nickel products with higher energy density, complete the development of high-voltage high-nickel materials and NCA product lines, create a comprehensive high-nickel product sequence, and further enhance the leading edge of products.

　　Lithium ferromanganese is the next generation upgraded product of Ferrous lithium phosphate, which has the advantages of higher energy density and lower cost. With the upgrading of product technology and the expansion of production capacity, lithium ferromanganese is expected to replace Ferrous lithium phosphate’s share in the power battery market in the future. Last year, the company shipped nearly 1000 tons of ferromanganese lithium, ranking first in sales. In 2023, the company will further integrate internal and external resources to promote the mass production of lithium ferromanganese products.

　　In terms of sodium battery cathode materials, the company has comprehensively laid out three technical directions: layered oxide, Prussian blue/white and polyanion, and has completed sample submission verification with dozens of downstream customers. The comprehensive development capability and mass production progress are at the leading level in the industry. The company has achieved a number of technical breakthroughs, such as low residual alkali, high pressure compaction, long cycle, low gas production and low cost, which have been successfully applied to finalized products. It is expected to achieve mass production in 2023.

　　(2) Strengthen the global layout, and accelerate the overseas production capacity and international customers.

　　In 2022, the company built a capacity of 20,000 tons/year of high nickel cathode materials in Chungju, South Korea. The South Korean base is the first factory built and put into production by China cathode enterprises overseas, which is a crucial step in the global layout of Rongbai, and truly opens the process of capacity globalization in the anode industry of Rongbai and even China. The base will continue to expand to 100,000 tons, and the production line covers all products of high nickel, ultra-high nickel NCM, NCA and NCMA.

　　The completion and commissioning of the Korean base will help Rongbai to better serve overseas customers. Rongbai will rely on the Korean base to be closer to the needs of international customers in technology research and development, manufacturing and business communication. The release of the production capacity of the Korean factory will promote the strategic interaction between Rongbai and Japanese and Korean customers, radiate to the markets of Europe, the United States and Southeast Asia, serve international customers and overseas factories of China customers, and truly embrace customers and serve the world. Overseas production capacity also helps companies reduce supply chain risks, ensure the sustainability of the supply chain, provide diversified products and supply chain solutions, and create value for customers.

　　The Korean base will help the company to establish an overseas operation system and realize a comprehensive international transformation. The smooth operation of the Korean base will help Rongbai to further promote the internationalization of its operation, supply chain, platform and team. The company is preparing for the North American office and will expand in Europe in the future.

　　(3) Firmly implement the new integration strategy through industrial investment.

　　During the reporting period, the company formally laid out the field of ferromanganese lithium through the acquisition of Tianjin Schollander and its subsidiaries. Schollander has a number of stable customers in the electric two-wheeled vehicle market, and has conducted in-depth material research and development cooperation with many well-known battery manufacturers at home and abroad in the four-wheeled power battery market, accumulating a deep customer base. This acquisition will help the company expand the cathode material market, enrich the product structure, and achieve full coverage of "high, medium and low-end" materials. The company will also continue to consolidate the front-end resources through investment mergers and acquisitions, and do a good job in the next generation of technology and technology reserves, and promote the comprehensive competitiveness of phosphate products such as ferromanganese and lithium.

　　During the reporting period, the company invested in Liqin resources through Hubei Rongbai Battery Triangle No.1 Equity Investment Fund Partnership (Limited Partnership), and signed a Long Order Purchase Agreement with it. The agreement stipulated that Liqin resources would be the core supplier of nickel-cobalt wet-process intermediate (MHP) and nickel sulfate, and it would steadily supply 20% of the total annual shipments of nickel-cobalt products (MHP or nickel sulfate and cobalt sulfate) to Rongbai Technology every year. At the same time, Liqin resources are preferentially supplied to Rongbai Technology when there is a surplus of 20% battery nickel-cobalt products beyond the long range. The implementation of the long-term purchase agreement will help the company improve its main business operation ability.

　　The company will firmly implement the new integration strategy, analyze the best supply chain path through the in-depth grasp of the whole industrial chain, and then establish a long-term strategic cooperative relationship by investing in the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain to create the lowest-cost supply chain and realize stable operation and stable profit.

　　The company will continue to focus on the global development progress of nickel, lithium and other resources, select projects with cost advantages, and cooperate in the form of equity participation to increase the acquisition of low-priced preferential resources. On the one hand, it can form effective synergy with existing industries, on the other hand, the company can further share the growth of the whole industry through industrial investment.

　　(4) Continue cutting-edge R&D and mass production and improve the intellectual property protection system.

　　Layout cutting-edge technology, develop high-nickel cathode materials suitable for all-solid-state batteries, and break through the higher-capacity technology of ultra-high nickel. Continue to increase R&D investment and R&D personnel recruitment to enhance comprehensive technical strength. This year, the company will start the construction of Hubei New Energy Technology Research Institute, build a Korean research institute and build a transnational R&D institution. In terms of intellectual property rights, it is planned to complete more than 200 patent applications and more than 10 PCT patents in 23 years, and promote the implementation of the intellectual property management system.

　　(5) deepen the reform of organizational construction in an all-round way and promote the implementation of the "three systems" structure.

　　In order to better cooperate with the implementation of the new integration strategy, the company began to carry out platform and group reform in 2022, established and strengthened the enterprise management center, and promoted the overall coordinated operation of the company through the PMO (Project Management Office) process system. In 2023, it will promote the reform of the three organizational systems and build a complete system for the development of cadres and talents. On the basis of optimizing the existing business department system, we will deepen the organizational reform of the three systems of market, R&D and delivery, and establish a professional-oriented business organization and operation mechanism. At the same time, strengthening the construction of cadres, establishing a matching four-level partner incentive mechanism, and creating a competitive talent system by attracting top talents from all over the world will promote the company to further realize the integrated operation of the whole company and achieve the market goals more agile.

　　Author: Zhang Jiangang (special researcher at the New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, the supreme leader of China Academy of Social Sciences, and researcher at the Institute of Marxism)

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has creatively put forward a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies in the great practice of uniting and leading the people of the whole country to promote Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic construction, thus forming and developing the economic thought of the Supreme Leader. In the past 10 years, under the scientific guidance of the supreme leader’s economic thought, China’s economic development has made historic achievements and undergone historic changes. Promoting high-quality development is an important content of the supreme leader’s economic thought, which mainly includes the following contents: in the new stage of development, we must take promoting high-quality development as the theme, adhere to quality first and benefit first, promote quality change, efficiency change and power change, adhere to the supply-side structural reform as the main line, improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system, make the supply system better adapt to the changes in demand structure, and achieve a higher level of dynamic balance between supply and demand. These contents have deepened our party’s understanding of the law of economic development and enriched and developed the theory of Marxist political economy on the quality of development. High-quality development is the theme of China’s economic and social development in the 14 th Five-Year Plan and even in a longer period, which is related to the overall situation of China’s socialist modernization. To achieve high-quality development, we must be problem-oriented, adhere to the system concept, and promote sustained, healthy and stable economic development in a higher level of dynamic balance.

　　Malong District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province has vigorously developed the flower industry, with an output value of 277 million yuan in the first half of 2022. The picture shows a scene of marigold in Yuewang Township, Malong District. Xinhua news agency

　　1. Dialectically handle the relationship between supply and demand.

　　Supply and demand are two basic aspects of the internal relationship of market economy, and they are both contradictory and unified dialectical relations. Without demand, supply cannot be realized, and new demand can give birth to new supply; Without supply, demand cannot be met, and new supply can create new demand.

　　At present, there are both supply and demand problems in China’s economic development. To solve these problems, we need to deepen the supply-side structural reform, as well as carry out demand-side management and implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand. Promoting supply-side structural reform is consistent with implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand, and it is not a simple substitute relationship. From the perspective of political economy, it is one-sided to abandon the demand side to talk about the supply side or the supply side to talk about the demand side. The two are not an alternative relationship, but a relationship of mutual cooperation and coordinated promotion. To deepen the supply-side structural reform, we should make good use of the important tool of demand-side management, organically combine the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand with deepening the supply-side structural reform, adhere to both demand-side management and supply-side reform, and form a higher level dynamic balance in which demand pulls supply and supply creates demand.

　　High-quality development is a development that can better meet the people’s growing needs for a better life, a development that embodies the new development concept, a development that promotes supply and demand to a higher level and achieves a dynamic balance at a higher level. From the supply point of view, to promote high-quality development, we must strive to make the industrial system more complete, the production organization more networked and intelligent, constantly enhance the innovation ability, demand capture ability, brand influence and core competitiveness of enterprises and industries, and constantly improve the quality of products and services. From the perspective of demand, the process of promoting high-quality economic development is the process of constantly meeting the individualized, diversified and escalating needs of the people. This change in demand constantly leads to changes in the supply system and structure, and then through supply changes, new demands are constantly born.

　　Economic development is a spiraling process, and it is a process in which supply and demand interact and escalate. To promote high-quality economic development, we must focus on solving various problems that restrict economic development on the supply side and the demand side, so that supply can fully meet the upgraded demand, and demand can lead the supply upgrade more efficiently, forming a benign interaction, mutual matching and dynamic balance between supply and demand.

　　Judging from the current economic development situation, China’s economy has problems that restrict high-quality development on both the supply side and the demand side. On the supply side, it is mainly manifested in the structural imbalance of the real economy and the imbalance between finance and the real economy. On the demand side, it mainly faces the problems of weak growth momentum of external demand, insufficient consumption ability and willingness of residents, lack of new growth points of high-end consumption, and sluggish upgrading of consumption structure. In view of the supply-side problems, it is necessary to continuously deepen the supply-side structural reform, stimulate the power of economic growth, optimize the allocation of factors, adjust the production structure, and continuously improve the quality and efficiency of supply, thus promoting economic growth. In view of the demand problems, it is necessary to implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, cultivate a more complete domestic demand system, expand household consumption, upgrade consumption levels, open up urban and rural consumption markets, improve consumption environment, continuously release consumption potential, and give full play to the basic role of consumption in promoting economic development.

　　2. Adhere to the supply-side structural reform as the main line.

　　At present and in the future, among a series of problems and challenges facing China’s economic development, structural problems are the most prominent. Among them, the main aspect of the contradiction lies in the supply side, so promoting the structural reform of the supply side is the main line of economic work at present and in the future, the inevitable requirement of cultivating new growth impetus, forming new development advantages and realizing innovation to lead development, and the fundamental cure for changing the mode of economic development and improving the efficiency and quality of the supply system.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "In the final analysis, the ultimate goal of supply-side structural reform is to meet demand, the main direction is to improve supply quality, and the fundamental way is to deepen reform." To meet the demand is to deeply study the market changes, understand the actual demand and potential demand, and better meet the people’s growing needs for a better life in liberating and developing social productive forces. Improving the quality of supply means reducing ineffective supply, expanding effective supply, optimizing the allocation and combination of existing production factors, optimizing the existing supply structure, optimizing existing products and services, striving to improve the quality of the whole supply system, and leading and creating new demand with innovation-driven and high-quality supply. Deepen the reform, that is, continue to improve the relevant institutional mechanisms, make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation, give better play to the role of the government, break the monopoly, improve the factor market, and make the price mechanism truly guide resource allocation.

　　Supply-side structural reform is a tough battle with a long-term relationship. We must adhere to the eight-character policy of "consolidating, strengthening, upgrading and smoothing", which is the general requirement for deepening supply-side structural reform and promoting high-quality economic development at present and in the future. Consolidate the results of "three to one, one reduction and one supplement", increase the intensity of "breaking, establishing and reducing", and persist in de-capacity, de-inventory, de-leverage, cost reduction and short-boarding. Enhance the vitality of micro-subjects, speed up the improvement of modern enterprise system with China characteristics, establish fair, open, open and transparent market rules, improve the market-oriented and legalized international business environment, and speed up the construction of world-class enterprises. Improve the modernization level of industrial chain supply chain, adhere to self-control, safety and efficiency, do a good job in supply chain strategic design and precise policy by industry, and promote the optimization and upgrading of the whole industrial chain. Smooth the national economic cycle, rely on the strong domestic market, break the industry monopoly and local protection, and form a virtuous circle of the national economy.

　　3. Building a new development pattern based on expanding domestic demand.

　　With the change of global political and economic environment, unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise. Building a new development pattern with domestic macro-cycle as the main body and domestic and international dual-cycle promoting each other has become an important strategic choice to improve China’s economic development level and cope with risk challenges. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "To build a new development pattern, we must adhere to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, so that production, distribution, circulation and consumption rely more on the domestic market and form a virtuous circle of the national economy." Forming a strong domestic market is an important support for building a new development pattern and a fundamental support for promoting high-quality economic development. Expanding domestic demand has provided the impetus for China’s sustained, healthy and stable economic development, and also provided favorable conditions for China’s industrial upgrading and consumption upgrading.

　　To expand domestic demand, we must make precise measures against the structural imbalance on the supply side, guide supply to improve quality and efficiency, and promote the transformation of old and new kinetic energy as soon as possible, so as to promote high-quality economic development. To expand domestic demand, we must pay attention to guiding the upgrading of consumption structure, meeting people’s personalized, diversified and high-end consumption needs, encouraging the development of new consumption modes and formats, constantly improving residents’ consumption ability and willingness, and combining expanding consumption with improving people’s quality of life. To expand domestic demand, we should also pay attention to tapping the potential of investment demand, deepen the reform of investment and financing system, improve the investment environment in an all-round way, give full play to the inciting role of government investment, stimulate the vitality of private investment, moderately advance infrastructure investment, promote the construction of major projects such as new infrastructure, new urbanization, transportation and water conservancy, support the development of some new technologies, new products, new formats and new business models, and accelerate the key core technology research projects to achieve more results.

　　4. Adhere to the general tone of steady progress.

　　Achieving high-quality economic development is a long-term, arduous and complex systematic project, and we must adhere to the general tone of steady progress and systematically promote it. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability is an important principle of our governance and a methodology for doing a good job in economic work." To promote high-quality economic development, we should persist in striving for progress with stability, making progress with stability, ensuring that economic growth, employment and prices do not fluctuate greatly, and ensuring that there are no regional systemic risks in finance. At the same time, we should be proactive and make a difference, firmly grasp the initiative of development, continuously improve the quality and efficiency of economic development, continuously enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises, cultivate and expand new economic growth points and growth poles, and ensure that the transformation of economic development mode and innovation-driven development achieve new results. Adhere to the principle of establishing first, then breaking down, steadily and steadily, organically combine steady growth, restructuring and promoting reform, organically unify supply-side structural reform and demand-side management, organically integrate the implementation of new development concepts and the construction of new development patterns, and constantly promote quality change, efficiency change and power change to achieve sustained, healthy and high-quality economic development.

　　Adhering to the general tone of steady progress and solidly promoting high-quality economic development, we must adhere to the system concept. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "the concept of system is a basic thought and working method". From the perspective of system theory, we should optimize the way of economic governance, apply dialectics, make overall consideration and comprehensive balance, highlight key points, drive the overall situation, improve the ability of overall planning and coordinated promotion, and seek dynamic balance among multiple goals. Dialectically handle the relationship between supply and demand, and promote the formation of a benign interaction, mutual matching and dynamic balance between them; Overall consideration of short-term response and medium-and long-term development, external shocks and endogenous motivation, overall planning of domestic and international situations, and efficient overall planning of epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development; Adhere to a national chess game and give full play to the enthusiasm of the central, local and all parties; Strive to achieve the overall and local matching, the combination of radical treatment and palliative treatment, and the convergence of gradual progress and breakthrough; Realize the unity of development quality, structure, scale, speed, benefit and safety.

　　(This article is a phased achievement of the National Social Science Fund’s major project [〔20ZDA014〕])

　　Guangming Daily (September 5, 2022, 06 edition)

Source: Guangming Net-Guangming Daily

On April 29th, an interesting video quickly became popular on social platforms. In the video, when a woman celebrated her birthday in a Haidilao in Jiangsu, her best friend appeared in a unique bee costume, showing her extraordinary social skills. The girlfriend announced her friend’s birthday loudly in the store and called on all customers to bless together. The scene suddenly became the focus. A customer with glasses next to him showed extreme embarrassment and seemed to want to find a crack in the ground.

The girlfriend then took the birthday girl, led everyone to count down, and sent birthday wishes in unison. Despite the enthusiastic response from the scene, the birthday girl herself was quite embarrassed. After thanking all around, she whispered to her best friend that she wanted to leave, bluntly saying "it was embarrassing". This scene attracted a heated discussion among netizens. Some people ridiculed their girlfriends as "social shrews" and were surprised that Haidilao employees did not intervene. It has also been pointed out that although the scene is slightly embarrassing, the happiness of the birthday girl is sincere. It is inevitable to encounter embarrassing moments in life, but as long as you remain calm, the embarrassment will shift. This best friend’s action was praised by many netizens as the "ceiling" of the social world, and they all expressed their envy of having such an aggressive friend.

Have you ever had a similar embarrassing experience in your life? Welcome to share your story in the comment area and communicate with everyone.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 20-Rising Threat Intelligence Center has recently captured a new variant of the stealing Trojan virus.

　　This latest variant virus of AgentTesla Stealing Trojan spreads through phishing emails, inducing users to decompress and run the Trojan virus in the attachment, so as to collect user’s browser, email, FTP, VPN, instant messaging and other software account passwords, as well as screen shots, keyboard keystrokes and other information.

　　According to Rising security experts, the predecessor of AgentTesla virus is a commercial keyboard recorder. In the past few years, it has changed from a keyboard recorder to an out-and-out stealing Trojan virus.

　　In addition to stealing secrets, the latest variant of AgentTesla can also counter the static scanning of security protection software, that is, it tries to bypass the static scanning through code confusion, data encryption and other means, which hinders the security personnel from analyzing its samples.

　　Rising security experts said that the latest variant of AgentTesla was delivered to the user’s mailbox by phishing email, hidden in the Zip attached to the email, and disguised as the default icon of the Word document, so as to entice the user to decompress and run. Once the virus is run, it will replicate itself, set the registry self-startup item, then collect the user’s browser, email client, screen shots, record keyboard keystrokes and other information, and finally send it back to the attacker’s mailbox by email.

　　According to Rising Company, it is found that some domestic enterprises have been attacked by this virus. Rising reminds users not to open suspicious files; Deploy gateway security products such as network security situation awareness and early warning system; Install effective antivirus software to intercept and kill malicious documents and Trojan viruses; Install system patches and important software patches in time.

The State Council on printing and distributing the national

Notice of the Outline of Ecological Environment Protection

Guo Fa [2000] No.38　　

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

The "National Outline of Ecological Environmental Protection" formulated by the State Environmental Protection Administration in conjunction with relevant departments is hereby printed and distributed to you. Please conscientiously implement it in light of the actual situation of this region and this department.

All regions and relevant departments should, according to the National Outline of Ecological Environment Protection, formulate their own ecological environment protection plans, actively take measures to intensify ecological environment protection, reverse the deterioration trend of the ecological environment, and work hard to achieve the grand goal of beautiful mountains and rivers in the motherland.

State Council　　　　　　　　　　　　

November 26th, 2000　　　

National Outline of Ecological Environment Protection

Ecological environmental protection is a great cause and grand project that contributes to the present and benefits future generations. Persistently doing a good job in ecological environment protection is the need to ensure the healthy development of economy and society and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In order to fully implement the sustainable development strategy, implement the basic national policy of environmental protection, consolidate the achievements of ecological construction, and strive to achieve the grand goal of beautiful mountains and rivers in the motherland, this outline is specially formulated.

First, the current national ecological environment protection situation

(1) Achievements and existing problems in the current ecological environment protection work.

1. The national ecological environment protection has made certain achievements. Since the reform and opening up, the Party and the government have attached great importance to environmental protection, adopted a series of major measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, and intensified the construction of the ecological environment, which has effectively protected and improved the ecological environment in some areas of China. Mainly manifested in: afforestation, soil and water conservation, grassland construction and land improvement and other key ecological projects have made progress; The key prevention and control projects of soil and water conservation in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River were fully implemented; The protection of natural forest resources in key areas and the project of returning farmland to forests and grasslands have started; A number of different types of nature reserves, scenic spots and forest parks have been established; The pilot demonstration of ecological agriculture and the construction of ecological demonstration areas have developed steadily; The legal system for environmental protection has been gradually improved.

2. The national ecological environment is still facing a grim situation. At present, the trend of ecological environment deterioration in some areas has not been effectively curbed, and the scope of ecological environment damage is expanding, the degree is increasing and the harm is increasing. The outstanding performance is as follows: the deterioration of the ecological environment at the source of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and other major rivers is accelerating, and the important lakes and wetlands along the river are shrinking day by day, especially in the northern region, where rivers are cut off, lakes are dried up, and the groundwater level is seriously reduced, which has aggravated the harm of floods, vegetation degradation and land desertification; Over-grazing, over-reclamation and firewood harvesting in grassland areas, and deforestation in forested areas and forested areas have led to the destruction of forest and grass vegetation, the decline of ecological functions and the intensification of soil erosion; The indiscriminate exploitation and excavation of mineral resources, especially the improper development along the river, coast and slope, lead to frequent geological disasters such as collapse, landslide, debris flow, ground collapse, settlement and seawater intrusion; The area of wild animal and plant species-rich areas in China has been decreasing, the habitat environment of rare wild animals and plants has deteriorated, the number of precious medicinal wild plants has dropped sharply, and the total amount of biological resources has decreased; Coastal waters are seriously polluted, marine fishery resources are declining, coral reefs and mangroves are destroyed, and coastal erosion is prominent. The continued deterioration of the ecological environment will seriously affect the sustainable development of China’s economy and society and the national ecological environment security.

(B) the current reasons for the deterioration of the ecological environment.

3. Unreasonable development and utilization of resources is the main reason for the deterioration of ecological environment. In some areas, the awareness of environmental protection is not strong, and development is emphasized over protection, construction over maintenance, and resources are exploited in a predatory and extensive way, which exceeds the carrying capacity of the ecological environment. Some departments and units have weak supervision, lax law enforcement and poor management, which has led to many phenomena of ecological environment destruction, which has aggravated the degradation of the ecological environment. At the same time, the lack of investment in ecological environment protection and construction for a long time is also an important reason for the deterioration of the ecological environment. It is a long-term and arduous task for us to effectively solve the contradictions and problems of ecological environment protection.

II. Guiding ideology, basic principles and objectives of national ecological environmental protection

(a) the guiding ideology and basic principles of national ecological environmental protection.

4. The guiding ideology of national ecological environmental protection. Hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, focus on implementing the strategy of sustainable development and promoting the transformation of economic growth mode, aim at improving the quality of ecological environment and safeguarding the national ecological environment security, closely focus on key areas and key ecological environment issues, make unified planning, give classified guidance, promote by regions, strengthen the rule of law, strictly supervise, resolutely crack down on man-made destruction of ecological environment, mobilize and organize the whole society, protect and improve the ability of natural recovery, consolidate the achievements of ecological construction, and strive to curb the trend of ecological environment deterioration, in order to achieve

5. Basic principles of national ecological environment protection. Adhere to both ecological environment protection and ecological environment construction. While strengthening the construction of ecological environment, we must adhere to the principle of giving priority to protection, giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with control, and completely reverse the passive situation of destruction while building in some areas.

Pay equal attention to pollution prevention and ecological environment protection. We should give full consideration to the mutual influence and function of regional and river basin environmental pollution and ecological environment destruction, adhere to the unified planning of pollution prevention and ecological environment protection, implement them simultaneously, organically combine urban and rural pollution prevention and ecological environment protection, and strive to realize the integration of urban and rural environmental protection.

Adhere to overall planning, comprehensive decision-making and rational development. Correctly handle the relationship between resource development and environmental protection, and insist on developing in protection and protecting in development. Economic development must follow the laws of nature, unify the short-term and long-term, and give consideration to the local and overall situation. The carrying capacity of ecological environment must be fully considered in resource development activities, and immediate and local economic benefits must never be exchanged at the expense of ecological environment.

Adhere to the system of who develops and protects, who destroys and restores, and who uses and pays. It is necessary to clarify the rights, responsibilities and benefits of ecological environment protection and make full use of legal, economic, administrative and technical means to protect the ecological environment.

(2) The goal of national ecological environment protection.

6. The goal of national ecological environmental protection is to curb the destruction of ecological environment and reduce the harm of natural disasters through ecological environmental protection; Promote the rational and scientific utilization of natural resources and realize a virtuous circle of natural ecosystems; Maintain the national ecological environment security and ensure the sustainable development of the national economy and society.

Short-term goals. By 2010, the trend of ecological environment destruction will be basically curbed. Build a number of ecological function protection zones, and strive to protect and restore the ecosystems and ecological functions of the source areas of major rivers such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, important lakes and wetlands in the Yangtze River and Songhua River basins, southwest and northwest regions, important oases in the northwest, key prevention and protection areas for soil and water conservation and key supervision areas; While doing a good job in the construction and management of existing nature reserves, we should pay close attention to the construction of a number of new nature reserves, so that all kinds of good natural ecosystems and important species can be effectively protected; Establish and improve the ecological environment protection supervision system, so that the ecological environment protection measures can be effectively implemented, all kinds of development activities in key resource development zones are carried out in strict accordance with the plan, and the recovery rate of ecological environment damage has been greatly improved; Strengthen the construction of ecological demonstration areas and eco-agricultural counties, and some counties (cities, districts) in China will basically realize a virtuous circle of beautiful mountains and rivers and natural ecosystems.

Long-term goals. By 2030, comprehensively curb the deterioration of the ecological environment, effectively protect the ecological environment of important ecological function areas, species-rich areas and key resource development zones, and improve the ecological environment of the source areas of the first-class tributaries of major water systems and the national key protected wetlands; Some important ecosystems have been rebuilt and restored; 50% of counties (cities, districts) in China have achieved a virtuous circle of beautiful mountains and rivers and natural ecosystems, and more than 30% of cities have reached the standards of eco-city and garden city. By 2050, we will strive to improve the national ecological environment in an all-round way, achieve a clean urban and rural environment and a virtuous circle of natural ecosystems, and achieve the grand goal of beautiful mountains and rivers in most parts of the country.

Three, the main contents and requirements of the national ecological environment protection

(a) the ecological environment protection of important ecological function areas.

7. Establish ecological function protection zones. Important ecological functional areas, such as river source areas, important water conservation areas, key prevention and protection areas and key supervision areas for soil and water conservation, river flood storage areas, windbreak and sand fixation areas and important fishery waters, play an important role in maintaining the ecological balance of river basins and regions, alleviating natural disasters and ensuring the national and regional ecological environment security. The existing vegetation and natural ecosystems in these areas should be strictly protected, and the ecological function protection zones should be established and protective measures should be implemented to prevent the destruction of the ecological environment and the degradation of ecological functions. Important ecological function areas across provinces, key river basins and key regions, and establish national ecological function protection zones; Cross-regional (city) and county (city) important ecological function zones, and establish provincial and prefecture (city) level ecological function protection zones.

8. Take the following protective measures for ecological function protection areas: stop all development activities and other man-made sabotage activities that lead to the continued degradation of ecological functions; Stop all construction projects that cause serious environmental pollution; Strictly control the population growth, and necessary immigration measures should be taken if the population in the area has exceeded the carrying capacity; Change the extensive mode of production and management, take the road of eco-economic development, and combine the ecological environment construction measures to seriously organize reconstruction and restoration of the damaged important ecosystems, so as to curb the deterioration trend of the ecological environment as soon as possible.

9. The establishment of various ecological function protection zones shall be reviewed by the environmental protection departments at all levels in conjunction with relevant departments and submitted to the government at the same level for approval. The management of ecological function protected areas is mainly based on local governments, and national ecological function protected areas can be managed by institutions appointed by provincial governments. Among them, after the cross-provincial areas are approved by the national unified planning, they are managed by provinces according to their territories; Governments at all levels should give active support to the construction of ecological function protection zones; Agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, environmental protection, land and resources and other relevant departments should strengthen supervision over the management, protection and construction of ecological function protected areas in accordance with their respective responsibilities.

(2) Protection of the ecological environment in the development of key resources.

10. Effectively strengthen the environmental management of important natural resources such as water, land, forests, grasslands, oceans and minerals, and strictly protect the ecological environment in the development and utilization of resources. The development of all kinds of natural resources must abide by relevant laws and regulations, and fulfill the procedures of ecological environment impact assessment according to law; The key construction projects of resource development shall be compiled with water and soil conservation plans, otherwise construction shall not be started.

11. Ecological environment protection of water resources development and utilization. The development and utilization of water resources should be balanced in the whole basin, with a comprehensive balance between production, living and ecological water use, with equal emphasis on open source and throttling, priority on throttling, pollution control as the foundation, scientific open source and comprehensive utilization. Establish a control system for high-water consumption projects in water-deficient areas, gradually adjust high-water consumption industries in water-deficient areas, stop new high-water consumption projects, and ensure ecological water use in the basin. In river basins and areas where rivers are cut off, lakes are shrinking and groundwater is overexploited, new water storage, water diversion and irrigation projects that aggravate the imbalance of water balance should be stopped; Reasonable control of groundwater exploitation to achieve a balance between mining and compensation; In areas where groundwater is seriously over-exploited, delimit the forbidden mining area of groundwater, and pay close attention to cleaning up unreasonable pumping facilities to prevent large-scale underground funnels and surface collapse. Continue to strengthen the control of sulfur dioxide and acid rain, and rationally develop, utilize and protect atmospheric water resources; For lakes and rivers that are reclaimed without authorization, it is necessary to return farmland to lakes and water within a time limit. Through scientific monitoring and evaluation and functional zoning, standardize the sewage discharge permit system and the sewage outlet management system. It is strictly forbidden to dump garbage and construction and industrial wastes into water bodies, further intensify the control of water pollution, especially in key rivers and lakes, and speed up the construction of urban sewage treatment facilities and centralized garbage treatment facilities. Strengthen the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, encourage the recycling of livestock manure, ensure the discharge of aquaculture wastewater up to standard, and strictly control the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in areas where nitrogen and phosphorus seriously exceed the standard.

12. Ecological environment protection of land resources development and utilization. According to the overall land use planning, implement the land use control system, clarify the responsibility of land contractors for ecological environment protection, strengthen the protection of ecological land, and freeze the requisition of grassland, woodland and wetland with important ecological functions. If the construction project really needs to occupy ecological land, it should be submitted for approval and compensated in strict accordance with the law, and the system of "one for one" should be implemented to ensure that the restoration area is not less than the occupied area. Strengthen the supervision of ecological environment protection for major infrastructure construction such as transportation, energy and water conservancy, scientifically select construction routes and construction sites, minimize the occupation of forest land, grassland and cultivated land, and prevent soil erosion and land desertification. Strengthen the ecological supervision of the development and utilization of non-pasture grassland. Farmland on steep slopes in the upper and middle reaches of major rivers should be returned to forests and grasslands in a planned and step-by-step manner in accordance with relevant plans, and the management of farmland should be strengthened to prevent re-cultivation.

13. Ecological environment protection for the development and utilization of forest and grassland resources. Forest areas and grasslands with important ecological functions should be classified as prohibited reclamation areas, logging areas or grazing areas, and strictly managed; Those that have been developed and utilized should return farmland to pasture, cultivate forests and grass, and make them recuperate. Implement natural forest protection projects to protect and give full play to the ecological benefits of forests to the maximum extent; It is necessary to effectively protect all kinds of ecological public welfare forests such as water conservation forests, soil and water conservation forests, windbreak and sand fixation forests, and special-purpose forests; For the cultivated land and abandoned land reclaimed by deforestation and grass destruction, it is necessary to return farmland to forest and grass within a time limit in accordance with the principle of "whoever approves it will be responsible and whoever destroys it will be restored". Strengthen forest and grassland fire prevention and control of pests and rodents, and strive to reduce the disastrous loss of forest and grass resources; Increase the intensity of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and grass cultivation in burned and deforested areas, and accelerate the restoration of ecological environment and the improvement of ecological functions in forest areas and grasslands. Vigorously develop renewable energy technologies such as wind energy, solar energy and biomass energy, and reduce the damage to forest and grass vegetation caused by firewood harvesting.

To develop animal husbandry, we should insist on fixing livestock by grass and prevent overloading and overgrazing. Seriously overloaded and overgrazing, the carrying capacity should be approved, and the number of livestock should be reduced within a time limit. Take the policy of combining protection and utilization, strictly implement the grazing ban period, grazing ban area and rotational grazing system, actively develop straw feed, gradually implement the method of feeding in captivity, and accelerate the restoration of degraded grassland. In arid and semi-arid areas, it is necessary to adjust the proportion of grain and livestock production according to local conditions and vigorously implement the project of planting grass to raise livestock and enrich the people. Agricultural development in the farming-pastoral ecotone shall not cause new grassland damage; The development of oasis agriculture shall not destroy natural vegetation. For the cultivated grassland in pastoral areas, we should return farmland to grassland and restore vegetation within a time limit.

14. Ecological environment protection for the development and utilization of biological species resources. The exploitation of biological species resources should be carried out on the premise of protecting species diversity and ensuring biological safety. All forms of killing and collecting endangered wild animals and plants are prohibited according to law. Severely crack down on the illegal trade in endangered wildlife. Strictly restrict the killing, collection and sale of beneficial insects, birds and animals. Encourage the domestication and breeding of wildlife. Strengthen the development and management of wildlife resources, gradually delimit quasi-mining areas, standardize mining and excavation methods, and prohibit indiscriminate mining and excavation; It is strictly forbidden to collect and sell Nostoc flagelliforme, ban all Nostoc flagelliforme trade, and resolutely stop the indiscriminate digging of various wild medicinal plants with important sand-fixing functions in arid and semi-arid grasslands. Do a good job in the protection of spawning grounds, feeding grounds, wintering grounds, migratory passages and important aquatic organisms and their habitats for important fish. Strengthen biosafety management and establish import and export management system and risk assessment system for living genetically modified organisms and their products; Risk assessment must be carried out for the introduction of alien species, and import quarantine work should be strengthened to prevent foreign harmful species from entering China.

15. Ecological environment protection for the development and utilization of marine and fishery resources. The development and utilization of marine and fishery resources must be carried out according to functional zoning, so as to achieve unified planning and rational development and utilization. We will earnestly strengthen the management of coastal zones, strictly examine and approve land reclamation for port construction, coastal projects and the construction of tourist facilities, and strictly protect mangroves, coral reefs and coastal shelterbelts. Strengthen the protection of important aquatic resources breeding areas such as key fishing grounds, river estuaries, bays and other fishery waters, and strictly supervise the ecological environment protection of fishery resources development. Strengthen the prevention and control of marine pollution, gradually establish a system for controlling the total amount of pollutants discharged into the sea, strengthen the environmental management of offshore oil and gas exploration and development, marine dumping, ship sewage discharge and ports, and gradually establish an emergency system for major pollution accidents at sea.

16. Ecological environment protection of mineral resources development and utilization. Mining in ecological function protection areas, nature reserves, scenic spots and forest parks is strictly prohibited. Quarrying, sand mining and earth borrowing are strictly prohibited in dangerous areas of landslides, areas prone to mudslides and areas that are prone to damage to natural landscapes. The development and utilization of mineral resources must be strictly planned and managed, and the construction period, area and mode that are conducive to ecological environment protection should be selected to minimize the damage to the ecological environment caused by development activities. The exploitation of mineral resources must prevent secondary geological disasters. In the exploitation of mineral resources along the river, along the river, along the lake, along the reservoir and in the coastal areas, we must implement measures to protect the ecological environment and try our best to avoid and reduce the damage to the ecological environment. If the damage has been caused, the developer must restore it within a time limit. Mines and pits that have stopped mining or closed must be reclaimed in time.

17. Ecological environment protection for the development and utilization of tourism resources. The development of tourism resources must make clear the objectives and requirements of environmental protection and ensure that the construction of tourism facilities is in harmony with the natural landscape. Scientifically determine the tourist capacity of tourist areas and rationally design tourist routes, so that the construction of tourism infrastructure can adapt to the carrying capacity of ecological environment. Strengthen the protection of natural landscapes and scenic spots, restrict the tourism development of important natural relics, strictly control the tourism development of key scenic spots, strictly control the construction scale and quantity of tourist facilities such as ropeways, and dismantle facilities that do not meet the planning requirements within a time limit. Sewage, smoke and domestic garbage in tourist areas must be discharged up to standard and disposed scientifically.

(3) Ecological environment protection in ecologically sound areas.

18. Areas with good ecology, especially species-rich areas, are key areas for ecological environment protection, and active protection measures should be taken to ensure that the ecosystems and ecological functions of these areas are not destroyed. In areas rich in species, representative of natural ecosystems, typical and unspoiled, a number of new nature reserves should be built quickly. The Hengduan Mountains, the plateau mountains bordering New Qinghai-Tibet, the mountainous areas bordering Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Hubei, the mountainous areas bordering Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi, the Qinling-Bashan Mountains, Xishuangbanna in southern Yunnan, Hainan Island, Daxing ‘anling and Sanjiang Plain in northeast China should be listed as key areas, and nature reserves at all levels should be planned and constructed by stages. In the distribution areas of species and ecosystems with important protection value in the western region, especially in the distribution areas of important desert ecosystems and typical desert wildlife, a number of different types of nature reserves should be built.

19. Pay attention to the protection of urban ecological environment. In the process of urbanization, it is necessary to effectively protect all kinds of important ecological land. Large and medium-sized cities should ensure a certain proportion of public green space and ecological land, carry out in-depth garden city creation activities, strengthen the construction and protection of urban parks, green belts, forests and lawns, and vigorously promote the greening and beautification of courtyards, walls, roofs and bridges. It is strictly forbidden to open mountains and fill the sea and develop wetlands at will in urban areas and suburbs, and it is forbidden to fill and occupy streams, rivers, canals and ponds at will. We will continue to comprehensively improve the urban environment, further accelerate the adjustment of energy structure and the control of industrial pollution sources, earnestly strengthen the environmental management of urban construction projects and construction sites, and actively promote the creation of environmental protection model cities and towns with beautiful environments.

20. Strengthen the construction of ecological demonstration areas and ecological agricultural counties. The state encourages and supports ecologically sound areas and plays an exemplary role in implementing the strategy of sustainable development. Further accelerate the pace of county (city) ecological demonstration area and ecological agriculture county construction. In areas where conditions permit, efforts should be made to promote the construction of prefecture-level and provincial-level ecological demonstration zones.

Four, the national ecological environment protection countermeasures and measures

(1) Strengthen leadership and coordination and establish a comprehensive decision-making mechanism for ecological environmental protection.

21. Establish and improve the responsibility system for ecological environmental protection. It is necessary to implement the responsibility system that local governments at all levels are responsible for the quality of the ecological environment in their respective jurisdictions and all departments are responsible for the protection of the ecological environment in their own industries and systems. Clarify the ecological environmental protection responsibilities of resource development units and legal persons. Implement a strict assessment, reward and punishment system. Units and individuals that have strictly performed their duties and made significant contributions to the protection of the ecological environment shall be commended and rewarded. For dereliction of duty, dereliction of duty, causing damage to the ecological environment, should be investigated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Ecological environmental protection and construction planning should be incorporated into the long-term and annual plans of economic and social development at all levels to ensure the investment of governments at all levels in ecological environmental protection. Establish an audit system for ecological environment protection and construction to ensure the rationality of input and output and the unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.

22. Actively coordinate and cooperate to establish an effective supervision system for ecological environmental protection. All relevant departments in the State Council should carry out their duties, cooperate closely, and work together with Qi Xin to jointly promote the national ecological environment protection. Environmental protection departments should do a good job in comprehensive coordination and supervision, planning, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, land resources and construction departments should strengthen the planning and management of natural resources development, and do a good job in ecological environment protection and restoration. On the basis of the key protection and supervision areas of the ecological environment determined by the state, local governments at all levels should determine the key protection and supervision areas of the ecological environment in their respective jurisdictions according to local conditions, and form a supporting ecological environment protection and supervision system. Governments at all levels and relevant departments in the western region should give priority to the protection and construction of the ecological environment in the western region to ensure the smooth implementation of the national strategy of developing the western region.

23 to ensure the scientific and technological support ability of ecological environmental protection. Governments at all levels should incorporate scientific research on ecological environmental protection into their scientific and technological development plans, encourage scientific and technological innovation, and strengthen technological development and popularization in key areas of ecological environmental protection such as rural ecological environmental protection, biodiversity protection, ecological restoration and soil and water conservation. In the funds for ecological environmental protection, a certain proportion of funds should be used for scientific research and technology popularization of ecological environmental protection, so as to promote the transformation of scientific research results and improve the scientific and technological content and level of ecological environmental protection. Establish an early warning system and strengthen the prediction of the deterioration trend of the ecological environment.

24 to establish a comprehensive decision-making mechanism for economic and social development and ecological environmental protection. All localities should pay close attention to the preparation of ecological function zoning, guide the development of natural resources and the rational distribution of industries, and promote the coordinated and healthy development of economic, social and ecological environmental protection. When formulating major economic and technological policies, social development plans and economic development plans, we should fully consider the impact of ecological environment according to ecological function zoning. The development of natural resources, planting trees and grass, soil and water conservation, grassland construction and other major ecological environment construction projects must carry out environmental impact assessment. For projects that may cause damage and adverse effects to the ecological environment, measures for ecological environment protection and restoration must be designed, constructed, checked and accepted simultaneously with resource development and construction projects. Those that may cause serious damage to the ecological environment should be strictly reviewed and resolutely prohibited.

(two) to strengthen the legal system, improve the people’s awareness of ecological environmental protection.

25. Strengthen legislation and law enforcement, and bring ecological environment protection into the track of rule of law. Strictly implement laws and regulations on environmental protection and resource management, and severely crack down on criminal acts that damage the ecological environment. Pay close attention to the formulation and revision of laws and regulations on ecological environment protection and construction, formulate regulations on the management of ecological environment protection in ecological function protection areas, and improve and perfect local ecological environment protection regulations and supervision systems.

26. Conscientiously implement international conventions and conduct extensive international exchanges and cooperation. Conscientiously implement international conventions such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on International Wetlands, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Wild Fauna and Flora, and the Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, safeguard the rights and interests of national ecological environment protection, undertake international obligations commensurate with China’s development level, and make contributions to global ecological environment protection. Carry out extensive international exchanges and cooperation, actively introduce foreign capital, technology and management experience, and promote the all-round development of China’s ecological environment protection.

27. Strengthen publicity and education on ecological environmental protection, and constantly raise the awareness of ecological environmental protection of the whole people. In-depth education on environmental national conditions and national policies will be carried out, and training on ecological environmental protection will be carried out at different levels to improve the comprehensive decision-making ability of ecological environmental protection and economic and social development. Pay attention to the basic education and professional education of ecological environment protection, and actively do a good job in social public education. Urban zoos, botanical gardens and other parks should increase publicity facilities, organize special publicity and education activities, and popularize the knowledge of ecological environmental protection to the public. Further strengthen the supervision of news and public opinion, praise advanced models, expose illegal acts, improve the system of letters, visits, reports and hearings, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad masses of people and non-governmental organizations to participate in ecological environmental protection, and work hard to achieve the grand goal of the beautiful mountains and rivers of the motherland.