China, a country with a large population, has entered the middle-income stage from the low-income stage in a relatively short period of time, which shows the superiority of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. After entering the middle-income stage, we are facing new development problems. To solve these problems, we need to innovate Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theory of economic development, and then enrich and develop Marxist political economy. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has put forward the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing. The new development concept is not only the theoretical soul to guide China’s economic development practice, but also the ideological soul to innovate Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic development theory, which opens up a new realm of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic development theory.

　　Promoting theoretical innovation of economic development under the guidance of major development issues

　　Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that adhering to problem orientation is a distinctive feature of Marxism. Problems are the starting point and power source of innovation. Only by listening to the voice of the times, responding to the call of the times and seriously studying and solving major and urgent problems can we truly grasp the historical context, find the law of development and promote theoretical innovation. The most important thing is to grasp the major development problems in our development stage and make a positive response by persisting in problem-oriented and promoting theoretical innovation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic development.

　　China is still in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, but now it has bid farewell to the low-income development stage and entered the middle-income development stage, facing a series of new major development problems, which can be summarized as follows: First, the growth rate has changed from high-speed to medium-high-speed, which raises the issue of the sustainability of medium-high-speed growth. Second, after entering the middle-income stage, some countries in the world did not change their economic development mode in time, resulting in serious problems such as excessive income gap and stagnant development. We are faced with the severe challenge of avoiding repeating the mistakes of others and crossing the "middle income trap". Third, development faces some deep-seated problems, including the decline of traditional development power, the carrying capacity of ecological environment has reached or approached the upper limit, the unreasonable economic structure, the low level and quality of development, and being at the low end of the global value chain. Solving these major development problems calls for theoretical innovation of economic development. The important exposition made by the Supreme Leader has pointed out the direction for solving these major development problems and innovating the theory of socialist economic development.

　　The new normal theory of economic development. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "China’s development is still in an important period of strategic opportunities. We should enhance our confidence, proceed from the current stage characteristics of China’s economic development, adapt to the new normal, and maintain a strategic normal mentality." Observing the new normal from the perspective of strategic opportunity period, we should not only understand the new normal as the slowdown of economic growth, but also thoroughly study the important exposition of the Supreme Leader on the new normal of economic development, master its scientific connotation and spiritual essence, and seize and make good use of new opportunities for development. It should be recognized that the change of economic growth from high-speed to medium-high speed is accompanied by the change of economic development mode from scale speed to quality efficiency, so the new normal is not only speed change, but also two important manifestations: first, structural optimization, economic structural adjustment should shift from incremental capacity expansion to adjusting stock and doing optimization and increment simultaneously; The second is the power conversion, and the driving force for development should shift from relying mainly on resources and low-cost labor to innovation. It can be seen that the new normal theory of economic development further clarifies the characteristics, opportunities and tasks of China’s new stage of development.

　　Innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development concept. The new development concept is put forward in view of the outstanding problems and challenges faced by China’s development, and it is a strategic guide for China’s current and future economic and social development. Innovation focuses on solving the problem of development motivation; Coordination focuses on solving the problem of unbalanced development; Green focuses on solving the problem of harmony between man and nature; Opening up focuses on solving the problem of internal and external linkage in development; Sharing focuses on solving social fairness and justice problems. The new development concept is a scientific summary of the practical experience of China’s economic development, a pioneering achievement of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy and a scientific guide to the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic development theory.

　　Consolidate the theoretical foundation of economic development around the people-centered development thought

　　Who to develop for is the basic problem to be solved in the theory and practice of economic development. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that the core of adhering to Marxism is to solve the problem of "why people". Our party is a party that serves the people wholeheartedly, and our country is a country where the people are the masters of the country. The starting point and end result of all the work of the party and the state is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. The people-centered development thought put forward by the Supreme Leader has consolidated the foundation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic development theory and is the inheritance and development of Marxist political economy.

　　The people-centered development thought embodies the socialist production purpose of constantly meeting the growing material and cultural needs of the people. According to this requirement, Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic development theory needs to define three development goals: to develop productive forces and enhance people’s well-being, to gradually realize common prosperity, and to aim at people’s all-round development. The concept of shared development put forward by the Supreme Leader fully embodies the people-centered development thought, embodies the essential requirements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and grasps the goal of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic development theory. Since the reform and opening up, the vitality of China’s economic and social development has been continuously enhanced, and people’s living standards have generally improved, but there has also been a problem of widening income gap. Putting forward the concept of shared development in the new stage of development is to share and develop in the process of development, and strive to realize the sharing, comprehensive sharing and joint construction and sharing of the fruits of reform and development. According to the concept of shared development, economic development does not serve a few people or some people, and the theory of economic development cannot serve a few people or some people, but seeks benefits for all people. In the process of shared development, the people share the fruits of reform and development, constantly get tangible benefits, have more sense of gain in the improvement of people’s livelihood, and gradually realize common prosperity. The people-centered development thought has further stimulated the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the broad masses of people and provided an inexhaustible source of power for reform and development.

　　Deepen the understanding of the regularity of scientific development in combination with the new characteristics and trends of development

　　After entering the middle-income stage, the fundamental way to improve the quality and efficiency of economic development and cross the "middle-income trap" is to change the mode of economic development and realize scientific development. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out at the Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party on July 29th, 2014 that "development must be scientific development following economic laws, sustainable development following natural laws, and inclusive development following social laws." This in-depth exposition is a theoretical sublimation of the understanding of the regularity of economic development, a scientific grasp of the new characteristics and trends of China’s economic development under the new economic normal, and a high generalization of new ideas and paths to promote sustained and healthy economic development.

　　After China entered the middle-income stage, two major development problems have become increasingly prominent: one is unbalanced development, and the other is unbearable ecological environment. The new development concept points out the way to solve these two problems and realize scientific development.

　　Fill in the shortcomings through coordinated development. Finding out the shortcomings, exerting efforts to fill in the shortcomings, tapping the development potential and enhancing the development stamina through filling in the shortcomings are the proper meanings in the topic of coordinated development. The first is to fill the shortcomings of agricultural modernization and urbanization. China’s socialist modernization road is to simultaneously promote new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. In December 2013, Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out in his speech at the Central Rural Work Conference, "Agriculture is still ‘ Synchronization of the four modernizations ’ Short legs, the countryside is still a short board for building a well-off society in an all-round way. " Coordinated development requires efforts to fill the shortcomings of agriculture and rural areas, deepen the structural reform of agricultural supply side, accelerate the cultivation of new kinetic energy for agricultural and rural development, and create a new situation in agricultural modernization. In this process, we will actively promote new urbanization and form a new pattern of urban-rural development integration. The second is to fill the short board of poverty alleviation for the rural poor. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that we can’t declare that a well-off society has been built in an all-round way, and on the other hand, the living standard of tens of millions of people is below the poverty alleviation standard line, which not only affects the people’s satisfaction with building a well-off society in an all-round way, but also affects the international community’s recognition of building a well-off society in an all-round way in China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has launched a tough battle against poverty. With clearer goals, more powerful measures and more effective actions, we have carried out precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty alleviation in depth, ensuring that all poverty-stricken areas and poor people will enter an all-round well-off society together by 2020.

　　Promote the construction of ecological civilization through green development. For a long time, the traditional industrialization relying on fossil energy has caused serious ecological environment damage. In order to cope with the severe ecological environment challenges, realize the harmonious development between man and nature and the sustainable development of economy and society, the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put the construction of ecological civilization into the "five in one" overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "The construction of ecological civilization is related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation and ‘ Two hundred years ’ To achieve the goal, protecting the ecological environment means protecting productive forces, and improving the ecological environment means developing productive forces. " "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets". This regards clean water, fresh air, diverse creatures and green environment as valuable ecological wealth, and further clarifies three levels of productivity research: liberating productivity, developing productivity and protecting productivity. For economic development, these three levels are indispensable. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic development theory studies economic development, and it is necessary to establish a systematic economic theory of liberating, developing and protecting productive forces.

　　Based on China’s national conditions and practice, promoting theoretical innovation of economic development motivation

　　Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "For such a large economy in China, if the power problem is not solved well, it is necessary to achieve sustained and healthy economic development and ‘ Two doubles ’ It is difficult to do. " The important function of economic development theory is to seek the motive force of development. At the level of production relations, it is to seek development momentum through comprehensive deepening reform. At the level of productivity, it is to seek development momentum on both sides of supply and demand. Since the reform and opening up, China has actively promoted market-oriented reforms, and market demand has become the basic driving force for economic growth. Consumption, investment and export have become the troika for demand-side economic growth. In the new stage of economic development, the problem that the supply structure can’t adapt to the change of demand stands out and becomes the main aspect of contradiction. Faced with the new situation and new tasks, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core proposed to further promote the structural reform of the supply side and strive to achieve economic structure optimization and power transformation.

　　After more than 30 years of rapid growth, it is inevitable that the driving force of traditional economic factors will decline. However, it should be noted that the factors affecting economic growth include technology, structure and efficiency in addition to material resources and labor. At this stage, although the supply-side impetus such as material resources and low-cost labor is weakening, the impetus of technology, structure and efficiency has not been fully stimulated, and there is still great potential for scientific and technological innovation, structural adjustment and efficiency improvement, and it is a more sustainable driving force for economic growth. Among them, the most important driving force is the driving force of innovation. As the supreme leader comrade pointed out, innovation is the first driving force to lead development. Other driving forces on the supply side, such as structural adjustment and improving total factor productivity, also need to rely on innovation to be fully stimulated. Now, the position of China’s industrial development and scientific and technological innovation in the world has been upgraded from running with each other to running with each other to take the lead and seize the strategic commanding heights. The task of realizing innovation-driven development is even more urgent. Under the new situation, Chinese enterprises must implement the concept of innovation and development, strive to cultivate new advantages with technology, brand, quality and service as the core competitiveness, strive to climb to the middle and high end of the global value chain and strive to occupy a leading position in the value chain.

　　(The author is Hong Yinxing, a professor at Nanjing University)

Medical Jianghu of original DrX

Recently, I brushed a short video and saw some bloggers eating barbecue videos. Looking at the way bloggers ate with relish in the video, I couldn’t help swallowing.

Maybe many people, like me, are senior barbecue lovers. Although barbecue is delicious, we often hear some negative rumors about barbecue while eating. For example, a certain college student is diagnosed with cancer after eating barbecue continuously. For example, it is often said that barbecue causes cancer and cannot be eaten. …

Although these rumors look scary, they still can’t stop our love for barbecue. However, after carefully studying and consulting relevant literature, we found a truth that pierced our hearts:

The better the barbecue, the more carcinogenic it is!

Since barbecue causes cancer, does that mean you can’t eat it? Of course not! Let’s continue to look down.

Barbecue, why is it so delicious?

I have the most say in this question. Every time I go to have a barbecue, as long as I see the store baking ingredients with electricity, I always feel that the barbecue tastes wrong. Once a merchant bakes it with charcoal, I immediately feel that the barbecue tastes delicious.

I think the barbecue baked with charcoal is a real barbecue. The reason why charcoal barbecue is so attractive is that smoke will adhere to the surface of the ingredients during barbecue, which will bring a lot of volatile flavor compounds to the ingredients, and these substances are the real reason why we don’t want to leave when we smell them.

But if we use electricity to bake food, there will be no charcoal and water in the baking process, and no smoke will be generated. Whether we look at it or smell it, we will feel no appetite.

Barbecue, why does it cause cancer?

The ingredients baked with charcoal are attractive and delicious, but also bring the risk of cancer. And the root cause of cancer is related to two of them.

benzopyrene

The name of benzopyrene has been heard by many people. As a kind of carcinogen, it is clearly proved to have carcinogenic effect on human body. Studies have shown that benzopyrene is related to lung cancer, gastric cancer, skin cancer and digestive tract cancer. At the same time, benzopyrene has terrible teratogenicity and mutagenicity.

Why is there benzopyrene in the barbecue? The reason is very simple, that is, when the meat is grilled at high temperature, the oil in the meat will drip into the fire with the high temperature and produce smoke, which will also produce benzopyrene.

Studies show that the higher the temperature, the more smoke and the closer the food is to the fire source, the more benzopyrene may be attached to the food.

Heterocyclic amine

Heterocyclic amines are also high-risk carcinogens, and their carcinogenicity generally acts on blood vessels, intestines, liver, lymphoid tissues, skin and mouth, covering almost all aspects of the human body.

At the same time, heterocyclic amines have strong mutagenicity, including gene mutation, chromosome aberration, DNA breakage and oncogene activation.

The production of heterocyclic amines is also very simple, that is, the thermal reaction formed at high temperature will also lead to the reaction between amino acids in meat and glucose, and heterocyclic amines are born under this circumstance.

nitrosamine

Nitrosamines are also very common carcinogens. In order to make the barbecue taste better, some merchants will pickle the ingredients before barbecue. Once the curing time is too long, or too much salt is put, nitrosamines may be produced.

In addition to causing cancer, these problems of barbecue also need attention.

Health problem

This problem is more prominent, because in reality, many barbecue shops appear in the form of small stalls, and people often think that roadside stalls have the fireworks of barbecue. I don’t know that the ingredients are placed in the open air and are easily contaminated by microorganisms.

Preservation problem

The barbecue season is generally summer, and the temperature is high in summer, which is easy to breed bacteria. Once the operation of the barbecue shop is not standardized, the ingredients will easily deteriorate or go wrong.

Raw material problem

For a long time, the supervision of various barbecue shops or roadside stalls is actually very limited, which leads to that many of their ingredients, especially beef and mutton, cannot fully meet the hygiene standards. In addition, some "black-hearted" bosses do not hesitate to use "technology and hard work" for the benefit, such as taking duck meat as pork and taking scraps back for private processing.

Can air fryer cause cancer?

Air fryer has been very popular in recent years, but at the same time, there are negative news about cancer. The reason why the air fryer is labeled as carcinogenic is that it will cause some chemical and physical reactions of food when it works, and produce a substance called acrylamide.

Acrylamide was listed as a Class 2A carcinogen by the World Health Organization earlier, because it is generally believed that using air fryers will cause cancer.

It does make sense to look at it, but in fact it can’t stand scrutiny at all. The so-called class 2A carcinogen refers to "there is sufficient evidence to prove that it is carcinogenic to animals, but it is still impossible to prove whether it is carcinogenic to humans".

It is totally unnecessary to say that we feel carcinogenic when we hear acrylamide, and we are afraid. Because the "hot drinks above 65℃" and "staying up late" we often encounter are all Class 2A carcinogens.

What’s more, acrylamide is mainly the product of Maillard reaction between asparagine and reducing sugar, and Maillard reaction may occur in many processes that require high temperature cooking. Even if you use frying pan and frying pan instead of air frying pan, Maillard reaction may occur.

In addition, a study published in Food Science pointed out that compared with frying, the content of acrylamide can be greatly reduced by 90%.

Can baking food in an electric oven cause cancer?

Some people may say, since barbecue with an open flame will cause cancer, will cooking food in an electric oven also cause cancer?

This question is indeed very referential. After all, the popularity of electric ovens is very high now, and it is almost a necessity for every family.

As we said earlier, there are certain prerequisites for the production of carcinogens, and high temperature is one of the very important factors. Different from barbecue with naked fire, the advantage of electric oven is that the food will not directly contact with the heat source, so it will not produce lampblack, and the current electric oven can basically control the temperature and heat evenly, so it will not cause the local temperature of food to be too high.

Therefore, when roasting meat in an electric oven, as long as the temperature is controlled below 180℃ and the time is appropriate, observe and adjust the temperature at any time to avoid the food surface being burnt or burnt, you don’t have to worry too much about the influence of carcinogens.

How to reduce the harm of barbecue?

If you want to relieve your craving and reduce the health hazards of barbecue, you may wish to take a look at the following methods.

① Marinate the ingredients before baking.

What we are talking about here is not salting, but salting meat ingredients with seasonings rich in antioxidants such as garlic juice, lemon juice, rosemary or cinnamon powder. Studies have shown that this can reduce the generation of carcinogens.

② Remember to remove the burnt part.

Some people like to eat the burnt part, which is absolutely unacceptable, because the content of carcinogens in the burnt food is often higher. So when eating barbecue, try to remove the burnt part.

③ Wrap the ingredients before baking.

When barbecuing, you can wrap the ingredients with tin foil or lotus leaves before baking, because this will leave the lost water between the "coat" and the meat, and form a gap full of hot steam, so that the food will have the effect of steaming and baking, and the temperature will not rise so fast, avoiding too much carcinogen smoke from entering the ingredients.

④ Try to use less fat meat.

The fatter the meat, the more fat it means, and the more carcinogens it produces during barbecue. Therefore, try not to choose too fat meat when choosing ingredients.

References:

Li Tongtong. The Secret of Barbecue Flavor: Maillard Reaction [J]. Food and Health, 2018 (4): 2. DOI: 10.3969/j.ISSN.1004-0137.2018.04.042.

Tan Shunzhong, Cheng Yan, Yang Wenwu, et al. Pollution and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in barbecue [J]. Food Industry Science and Technology, 2019,40 (9): 6. DOI: 10.13386/j.ISSN 1002-0306.2019.09.037.

Ke Wei. Concerned about the carcinogenicity of acrylamide [J]. Journal of Bioengineering, 2003, 19(3).

Wang Silu. Revealing the Carcinogenic Truth of Air Fryer [J]. Food and Health, 2020.

Published by People’s Health Publishing House. Safety on the Tip of the Tongue (Volume 4)

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