Our people have developed creative thinking since ancient times. In addition to the four well-known inventions, there are n important inventions leading the world, including modern computer binary language, robots, helicopter rudiments ….. and a large number of modern scientific and technological inventions, covering all fields, which have amazed Chinese people.

1. Kites

In 1000 BC, Chinese first flew a kite. Long before Xinshi, it was said that Chinese could fly a kite. According to legend, in the 4th century BC, Lu Ban, a famous craftsman in China, made a kite and took off for three days without falling. There is also a story that a general surrounded the palace and used a kite to measure the distance between the palace wall and his own army. Kites can be used to send bricks to the house or tie hooks to the tail of kites for fishing.

In 1600, oriental kites (diamonds) were introduced to Europe by the Dutch. In the 19th century, British inventor Clay invented the glider inspired by kites. Texas actor Cody "Captain" once used a kite to drag a folding boat across the English Channel. In 1901, he made persistent efforts to fly in a double-box kite, which greatly interested the British War Department.

Soon, airplanes replaced military kites, and "Captain" Cody was killed in a plane crash while flying his new biplane in 1913. In 1970, the American space program designed various "flying wings" to make kites become adults’ toys again. For example, Roger Lele’s folding flying wing was originally designed for the safe landing of the Mercury spacecraft, and was later replaced by a parachute. But this folding wing turned out to be the wing of today’s hang glider. Flying kites into the sky provides the principle and inspiration for airplanes to fly into the sky.

2. Bow and arrow

Chinese invented the bow and arrow in the 8th century BC. In 200 BC, Chinese invented the crossbow. It is mainly used for fighting and hunting. It can shoot horizontally, vertically, riding and shooting, and it is very powerful. Italy in Europe only used bows in the 10th century, which was 1,200 years later than China.

3. Chemical weapons

The history of chemical warfare with poisonous gas can be traced back to at least the early 4th century BC in China. In the early works of Mohism, there was a record about using bellows to release the gas from mustard burning in the furnace and penetrate into the enemy tunnel under siege. This is 2300 years earlier than Germany used trench mustard gas in World War I. There are the following types of chemical weapons in Chinese: "dung bombs", which are the embryonic form of gas bombs.

The "flying sand bomb" is to put a tube of gunpowder in a clay pot, and the ingredients of the gunpowder are extracted from quicklime, rosin and ethanol of poisonous plants. Put this weapon down from the city wall, and it will explode immediately, and deadly poisons will be scattered. "Tear gas bomb" was used in Chinese in the second century A.D., and the smoke it produced quickly made people burst into tears. Poison such as sea vein oil, Sichuan lacquer and starfish will make the enemy hoarse.

4, horse chest belt change

About the 4th century BC, Chinese invented the harness changer for horse chests. Prior to this, the only way for the West to change horses in the 8th century AD was to "change the harness before the neck". This is an unreasonable method, because the belt is tied to the throat, which means that once the horse tries its best, it will suffocate and die immediately. The horse chest strap changer invented in China overcomes this shortcoming. This invention of our country was later spread to Europe through Central Asia. European archaeologists found relics of chest strap replacement in ancient tombs from the 7th to 10th centuries.

5. Cast iron

In the 4th century BC, Chinese invented cast iron. China has used blast furnaces to cast iron at least in the 4th century BC, while Europe did not have such a similar technology before 1380. In addition, coal that can provide high temperature has been used as fuel since the 4th century, or earlier. But in Europe, it was not until the 17th century that Britain made an unsuccessful attempt to use coal to make iron.

6. Saddle harness

From the 4th century BC to the 1st century BC, Chinese invented the saddle changing tool. This is 1000 years earlier than the shoulder strap replacement that appeared 100 years after the chest strap appeared in Europe. Chinese also found that the shoulder sleeve changing tool can be used in another simpler way: the changing rope can be tied to the shoulder sleeve (on both sides of the collar, directly on the car). It is this form of shoulder sleeve replacement that is still widely used all over the world today.

7, saltpeter identification method

Chinese discovered nitrate before the 3rd century BC. This is 2000 years earlier than in the west. Before the invention of gunpowder, we must first recognize and obtain the most important of its three components, which is saltpeter. It was unknown in the West before the Middle Ages, but it was lacking in Europe. China is rich in resources and can be purified from other minerals. Chinese will use this method to identify the existence of saltpeter at least in the 3rd century BC. Chinese’s discovery of saltpeter laid the foundation for the later invention of gunpowder.

8. Parachute

Chinese invented the parachute in the 2nd century BC. Many people know that Leonardo da Vinci left a sketch of the parachute, which marked the time when Europeans first came up with the idea of making parachutes. But as far back as 1500 years before Leonardo da Vinci, Chinese had invented the parachute and used it very successfully in real life. How to prove it? We can find the earliest literary records from the masterpiece Historical Records by Sima Qian, the greatest historian in China, which was completed in 90 BC. The fact that he regarded the parachute as an antique a long time ago proves that the origin of the parachute can be traced back to at least the 2nd century BC.

Chinese used parachutes in the Middle Ages as an example, describing some things he witnessed in Guangzhou in 1192. At that time, many Arabs gathered, who had personally seen Chinese use parachutes. The French Simon also said in the book "Historical Relationship" that he had seen Chinese perform acrobatics with his own eyes. China is indeed the country that invented parachutes, and it is an ancient tradition to use umbrellas as parachutes! In 1783, the westerner Linomande jumped from the top of the tree or the roof many times, and the result was very successful. He called this a parachute. This was more than 1,900 years later than Chinese invented the parachute.

9, hundred smelting method-using pig iron steelmaking method

In 120 BC, Chinese invented the method of making steel with pig iron, also known as "Hundred Tempering Method". In the west, it was not until 1856 that pig iron was used to make steel, which was about 2000 years later than that in China.

10. Guide car

During the Western Han Dynasty around 100 BC, China invented the compass (it is also said that Chinese invented the compass during the Huangdi period).

On August 25th, the 19th Summer Summit of 2023 Yabuli Forum opened in Shenzhen. "Focusing on Greater Bay Area, Innovating and Promoting Development-Building Chinese Modernization with One Heart" is the theme of this summit, and many big coffees have expressed wonderful views. Including Wang Shi, founder and honorary chairman of the board of directors of Vanke Group, and Zhou Hongyi, chairman of 360 Group, all expressed their views at the summit.

Regarding real estate, Wang Shi said that the real estate industry will definitely undergo structural adjustment in the future. As for the ratio of commercial housing to other housing, it is still uncertain, but it is certain that this ratio will determine how real estate will turn in the future.Now developers will also adjust and shuffle. "It’s no exaggeration to call it thunder rolling or dark clouds." Wang Shi said that the industry will exist, but the adjustment of enterprises will be very big. "

Regarding real estate, Wang Shi’s latest voice.

According to the Securities Times reported on August 26th, Wang Shi, founder and honorary chairman of the board of directors of Vanke Group and chairman of Vanke Public Welfare Foundation, also attended the summit.

In recent years, many changes have taken place in the real estate market, and the optimization measures of regulatory policies have also been launched intensively in the near future. So … How to treat the "falling" of real estate? Is there still a time for real estate to "rise"? Wang Shi said that real estate is in the process of cyclical adjustment, but the real estate industry will not "die". "The real estate industry will certainly rise again, and any industry has a cycle." Wang Shi responded.

Wang Shi first talked about two sets of data in the real estate industry.

One is about per capita living space. At the beginning of the reform and opening up, the per capita living area was about 5 square meters, but now the median is about 40 square meters. It can be said that the basic housing problem has been solved and will decline after reaching the peak.

The second is about the proportion of commercial housing. At present, the proportion of commercial housing has reached 80%, which is unique in the world. In the future, structural adjustment will definitely change, and the adjustment of enterprises focusing on commercial housing development will be very large.

Wang Shi said that the real estate industry will definitely undergo structural adjustment in the future. As for the ratio of commercial housing to other housing, it is still uncertain, but it is certain that this ratio will determine how real estate will turn in the future.Now developers will also adjust and shuffle. "It’s no exaggeration to call it thunder rolling or dark clouds."

Wang Shi said that the industry will exist, but the adjustment of enterprises will be very big. "The adjustment cycle of real estate has not been fully completed, and we have to continue to look at it. The real estate industry is a pillar industry for China and the world, and the industry itself will not change. It is normal for these enterprises to rise and fall. "

Speaking of Hong Kong, Wang Shi said that many developers in Hong Kong are the benchmark for Vanke to learn, including property management, which is to learn from Hong Kong’s experience. It is not out of date to learn from Hong Kong, especially in international construction and enterprises going to sea. We should draw on Hong Kong’s experience and ability, including Hong Kong’s businesses and mature government organizations.

It is worth mentioning that according to the news of WeChat WeChat official account "High-net-worth Entrepreneur Research Institute" on August 4th, the Private Economy Research Center of Shanghai Gaojin Financial Research Institute and the High-net-worth Research Institute invited Wang Shi, the founder of Vanke Group and the founder of Shenshi Group, and other "big bosses" to share "New Opportunities in a Great Change in a Hundred Years". Regarding the future direction of the real estate market, Wang Shi shared his views on the current real estate market and his prediction of the future trend. Wang Shi mentioned that China real estate is currently in the adjustment period, and will face many challenges such as liquidity problems, but we have a huge market, and the introduction of relevant policies is believed to be able to overcome the challenges.

Wang Shi also mentioned that the large-scale construction and demolition of real estate have passed, and the demand for the functions of the whole city center has changed. Now is the beginning. For enterprises, there are many opportunities. For example, double carbon has many application scenarios in China, and it is also the development direction of the country. Many enterprises in related fields will be born, which should be paid attention to.

A number of heavy favorable policies for the property market have landed.

Recently, the signal of favorable policies for real estate has been constant. On August 25th alone, a number of favorable policies were put into practice.

According to the Xinhua News Agency on the 25th, the reporter learned from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on the 25th that the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the People’s Bank of China and the General Administration of Financial Supervision recently jointly issued the Notice on Optimizing the Criteria for Determining the Number of Housing Units in Personal Housing Loans, which promoted the implementation of the policy and measures of "recognizing the house without repaying the loan" for purchasing the first home loan.

The notice made it clear that when households (including borrowers, spouses and minor children) apply for loans to buy commercial housing, if family members do not have complete sets of housing in the local name, banking financial institutions will implement the housing credit policy according to the first set of housing regardless of whether they have used loans to buy housing. As a policy tool, this policy is included in the "one city, one policy" toolbox for cities to choose independently.

According to the responsible comrades of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, this policy will enable more buyers to enjoy the down payment ratio and interest rate concessions for the first home loan, which will help reduce the cost of housing purchase for residents and better meet the demand for rigid and improved housing.

In addition, the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Announcement on Continuing to Implement Individual Income Tax Policies to Support Residents to Purchase Houses. From January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2025, taxpayers who sell their own houses and re-purchase houses in the market within one year after the sale of their existing houses will be given preferential tax refund for the personal income tax paid for the sale of their existing houses.

According to China, a brokerage firm, and Chen Wenjing, director of market research of the China Central Finger Research Institute, optimizing the policy of "recognizing the house and recognizing the loan" for the first suite is "recognizing the house but not recognizing the loan", which will greatly improve the down payment ratio and loan interest rate for the local replacement demand with loan records in other places, and at the same time, the real estate-related taxes are expected to be implemented according to the first set. This policy not only lowers the threshold for families to buy a house, but also reduces the cost of buying a house. The central policy was implemented at the end of August. If the local governments speed up the implementation of the policy, it will be conducive to driving demand into the market, and the market of "Golden September and Silver 10" in the core cities can be expected.

Chen Wenjing also said that before that, at the end of September 2022, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued a document clarifying that the preferential tax refund time for changing houses to pay personal income tax within one year would be until the end of 2023. This time, the tax refund for house exchange will be extended to the end of 2025, which will help reduce the cost of home ownership for buyers and better support the release of demand for house exchange.

Counties (cities, districts) Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, municipal safety management station, relevant units of project construction, construction and supervision, and all relevant units:

　　In order to effectively improve the information management level of housing municipal engineering in our city, improve the efficiency of supervision and management, and further strengthen the safety management of construction project personnel and site, our bureau has built a smart site supervision platform in Jiangmen City in accordance with the unified deployment of smart city construction in Jiangmen City. Now Jiangmen smart site supervision platform-site supervision subsystem has been completed, and our bureau decided to officially start the site supervision subsystem on July 10th. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　I. Main functions of site supervision subsystem

　　Site supervision subsystem is one of the functional modules of Jiangmen smart site supervision platform, which mainly includes noise and dust monitoring, video monitoring, tower crane monitoring, construction elevator monitoring, vehicle identification monitoring and other functions. Through the direct connection of construction site equipment to the smart site supervision platform, real-time data transmission, timely early warning and disposal of problems, and further strengthen the safe production and civilized construction of construction projects (see Annex 1).

　　Second, the noise dust equipment implementation requirements

　　(1) Scope of implementation

　　1. Housing construction projects with a construction area of 1000 square meters or more (except interior decoration and renovation projects).

　　2. Linear projects such as new construction, reconstruction and expansion of roads (including large-scale pipeline projects), except road maintenance projects such as asphalt paving.

　　(II) Implementation time

　　1. For the newly started projects within the scope of implementation, noise and dust monitoring equipment should be installed and directly connected to the smart site supervision platform to transmit data in real time.

　　2. For the projects that have been started and are not expected to be completed before the end of 2023, the installation and docking of noise and dust monitoring equipment shall be completed from September 1, 2023; It is expected to be completed in 2023 to encourage the installation of noise and dust monitoring equipment and the direct connection of smart site supervision platform.

　　(3) Equipment selection and installation location requirements

　　The noise and dust monitoring equipment on the construction site shall meet the technical specifications of Jiangmen Smart Site Supervision Platform (see Annex 2).

　　Noise and dust monitoring equipment should be installed in the enclosure of the construction site, and should be set around the entrance and exit of vehicles first. There should be no tall buildings, trees or other obstacles that are not used for construction to hinder the circulation of ambient air. The installation location should not be easily changed to ensure the continuity of monitoring and the comparability of data. The height of the sampling port of the monitoring point from the ground should generally be 3 to 5 meters. When it is adjacent to other construction sites or the outside of the construction site is a traffic road and is greatly affected by road dust, it is advisable to avoid setting it at the adjacent boundary, so as to avoid the problem of mutual interference.

　　Third, the video surveillance equipment implementation requirements

　　(1) Scope of implementation

　　Municipal engineering projects of houses under construction (except interior decoration and renovation projects).

　　(2) Requirements for installation location of video monitoring points

　　The installation position of video monitoring points should be the most reasonable position reflecting the construction situation of the whole project, which should basically show the construction situation of major hazard sources and the main body of the project. The installation height should meet the needs of the whole construction process and display the main monitoring objects. Video monitoring equipment shall be installed at least at the following four locations on the construction site (see Annex 2 for technical specifications):

　　1. Install a spherical camera at the highest point (or tower crane) on the construction site. Monitoring should cover the whole construction site, especially to ensure the video monitoring coverage of key parts such as construction site, steel bar processing yard and material stacking area.

　　2. Install video monitoring equipment at the entrance and exit of vehicles on the construction site, so as to ensure that the washing situation and vehicle number of vehicles can be clearly monitored.

　　3. Install video monitoring equipment at the entrance and exit of construction workers to ensure that you can see the whole picture of people entering and leaving the operation area.

　　4. At the main operation surface of the project construction, make sure to clearly see the site situation of the key position under construction.

　　It is suggested that wired video should be used first in the construction site, and wireless video can be used when engineering conditions and communication lines are not allowed. When providing wireless video, communication operators must ensure sufficient traffic. According to the actual situation, monitoring points can be appropriately added for construction projects.

　　(three) the scope of implementation and time requirements

　　1. For the newly started projects within the scope of implementation, video monitoring equipment should be installed and directly connected to the smart site supervision platform to transmit data in real time.

　　2. For the started projects within the scope of implementation, if they are not expected to be completed within 2023, the installation and docking of video surveillance shall be completed from September 1, 2023; It is expected to be completed in 2023, and the installation and docking of video surveillance equipment are encouraged.

　　IV. Implementation Requirements of Vehicle Identification Equipment

　　Encourage housing municipal engineering to install vehicle identification and capture equipment at the vehicle entrance and exit of the construction site to realize automatic identification of vehicles entering and leaving, and upload the license plate number in real time. Vehicle identification and capture equipment should not be higher than 2 meters, covering the entire vehicle entrance and exit. See Annex 2 for technical specifications of the equipment.

　　Five, tower crane, construction elevator safety monitoring equipment implementation requirements

　　Large-scale building construction projects, tower cranes and construction lifts in use participating in the evaluation of construction projects should be equipped with safety monitoring equipment, and the data should be directly connected to the smart site supervision platform, and other projects should be encouraged to install the above equipment and connect with the smart site supervision platform. See Annex 2 for technical specifications of safety monitoring equipment for tower cranes and construction lifts.

　　The installation of safety monitoring equipment for existing tower cranes and construction lifts can be carried out by the original equipment manufacturing unit or the unit recognized by the original equipment manufacturing unit, and the installation and acceptance certificate of safety monitoring products will be issued after the installation is completed. It is forbidden to damage the mechanical stress structure by installing safety monitoring equipment, and the original safety device shall not be changed.

　　Six, the equipment directly connected to the docking interface requirements

　　In order to ensure the data stability of the platform, all the projects under construction adopt the direct connection of hardware and equipment, and uniformly issue docking interfaces. See Annex 3 for data access standards. For the county-level supervision and management platform that has been built in the early stage, the equipment data will be collected by the smart site supervision platform of our city and pushed to the county-level supervision and management platform.

　　Encourage equipment products that meet the standard requirements to enter the market for fair competition. Equipment suppliers should adhere to the integrity management, be responsible for the whole process of the equipment provided, and take corresponding responsibilities for the stable operation of on-site equipment, the authenticity and accuracy of monitoring data and the timeliness of data docking. They should promptly repair equipment failures and ensure the normal operation of equipment all the time, and must not resort to technical means to fraud. For the existence of data fraud, deliberately set access threshold, mandatory fees and other acts, once verified, our bureau will inform the relevant situation. For supplier registration, registration information and access platform operation, please refer to the Instruction Manual for Site Supervision Subsystem (Supplier) (see Annex 4).

　　VII. Job Requirements

　　(1) Raise awareness of work. The on-line operation of the site supervision subsystem is an important measure to improve the safety production management level of construction sites in our city and promote the high-quality development of the construction industry. Housing and construction departments at all levels in the city, safety supervision institutions and participating enterprises should raise awareness, do a good job in implementation, realize equipment docking, data docking and management docking with good quality and quantity, and ensure that the platform really plays the role of management and supervision. It is necessary to make full use of the results of informatization data, further analyze and judge, and improve the methods of supervision.

　　(2) Strengthen organizational leadership. Housing and construction departments at all levels in the city should strengthen the organization and leadership of the installation and docking of monitoring equipment, clarify the responsible personnel, refine the progress requirements, and actively promote the installation and docking of equipment under the jurisdiction of the project. It is necessary to actively publicize, guide and help construction enterprises to strengthen the quality and safety management of enterprise construction projects by adopting video monitoring and attendance management, and effectively implement the main responsibility of quality and safety of construction enterprises. It is necessary to urge the contractors to strengthen the operation and maintenance of online monitoring equipment to ensure that the data is continuously transmitted and authentic. It is necessary to collect, coordinate and solve the problems in the operation of the system platform within its jurisdiction in time to ensure the smooth operation of the system platform and achieve practical results.

　　(3) Implementing the main responsibility. The construction unit is the first responsible subject of this work, and is responsible for coordinating the installation of monitoring equipment. The construction unit is the main responsible body of this work, and is responsible for organizing and implementing the configuration and docking of on-site supervision equipment. The construction unit shall be familiar with the use of the site supervision subsystem (see Annex 5, Instruction Manual for Site Supervision Subsystem (Project User)), and arrange the management personnel to be responsible for the management of the site monitoring equipment. Supervision units should include the use of smart site construction in the scope of supervision, inspect the installation, docking, maintenance and operation of on-site monitoring equipment, and urge the implementation of rectification for existing problems.

　　Counties (cities, districts) Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau and municipal safety management station shall ensure that the projects within the scope of implementation complete the installation and docking of relevant monitoring and monitoring equipment before September 1. Our bureau will establish a notification mechanism to regularly inform the counties (cities, districts) of the completion of the project-related work. With the continuous progress of scientific and technological information, the functions of the platform will be continuously improved, and the relevant contents listed in this notice may be updated or supplemented accordingly, and the latest notice will prevail.

　　Attachment: 1. Table of Functional Contents of Site Supervision Subsystem

　　2. Equipment installation requirements of site supervision subsystem

　　3. Interface document of equipment of site supervision subsystem

　　4. Instruction manual of site supervision subsystem (supplier)

　　5. Instruction manual of site supervision subsystem (project user)

Jiangmen housing and urban construction bureau

July 10, 2023

　　Shanghai Jinshan District Urban Planning Museum has a model made of nearly 100,000 Lego bricks, which shows the future prototype of Shanghai legoland Resort in a scale of 1:220. Adjacent to jinshan north railway station, legoland Resort is under construction, and will be open to the public in 2024.

　　Conceptual design model of legoland Resort in Jinshan District Urban Planning Museum. The pictures in this article are all from The Paper reporter Chen Yue.

　　Legoland Resort is operated by Merlin Entertainment Group. At present, 10 legoland have been put into operation in the world, and 3 under construction are located in China, Shenzhen, Sichuan and Shanghai.

　　"As far as the theme park industry is concerned, China is now the second largest market in the world, and this growth rate will continue — — Even during the epidemic, China’s theme parks did not stop developing, but continued to expand, and still maintained its global status. Consumers in China are full of enthusiasm for theme parks, and operators are also investing heavily and planning to build new attractions. " On February 19th, Jie Chen, general manager of Shanghai legoland Co., Ltd. was accepting "New Era and New Opportunities — — Multinational enterprises in China "online theme publicity activities said.

　　During the construction of the project, Jie Chen felt that the business environment in China has undergone tremendous changes and is constantly developing towards a market-oriented, rule-based and international business environment. Among them, China has attracted investment by simplifying administration and decentralizing services, and the Shanghai legoland project has benefited deeply.

　　Restore many classic scenes in The Journey to the West

　　Shanghai legoland Resort officially started construction on November 17th, 2021. It is a Lego theme park and hotel comprehensive tourist destination specially built for parents and children aged 2-12, covering an area of 318,000 square meters. The whole park has planned a number of theme areas derived from the concept of Lego classic toy sets, such as Lego City Area and Lego Good Friends Area.

　　Jie Chen introduced that in the design of Shanghai legoland, based on the most popular entertainment equipment in legoland, innovative projects featuring China traditional culture, Shanghai style and Jiangnan elements were superimposed.

　　Lego Wukong Xia area is the first product line in Lego history inspired by China’s classic The Journey to the West. Many classic scenes and plots in The Journey to the West will be restored in the area, which is also an original project of China and the world premiere.

　　The park is located in Fengjing Town, so the design of the park reflects the characteristics of fengjing ancient town’s Jiangnan water town. Visitors can take a cruise around the park and watch the landmark attractions and buildings of the park.

　　There is a mini-world in the indoor area in the center of the park. Some landmark buildings in Shanghai, the Yangtze River Delta and China will be displayed in the form of Lego bricks, and there will be a lot of interactive experiences for tourists to immerse themselves in.

　　In addition, Jinshan District is also promoting the construction of the park project and the development of surrounding areas with "two-wheel drive". The commercial street supporting the park has the triple attributes of a resort, a regional commercial center and a tourist destination, including hotels, restaurants, shopping, leisure and entertainment.

　　Legoland Resort is close to jinshan north railway station.

　　According to the garden, legoland Resort is adjacent to jinshan north railway station, with a distance of less than 1 km. Jinshan north railway station takes the high-speed train to Hongqiao Station for about 19 minutes and to hangzhou east railway station for about 38 minutes. Visitors can also drive to the park. The 1-2 hour traffic circle where the resort is located can reach 16 important cities in the Yangtze River Delta, with a radiation population of nearly 140 million, and the radiation population of the three-hour traffic circle will reach 220 million.

　　Strive to open in 2024.

　　On May 1st, 2006, Madame Tussauds Shanghai, as the first theme attraction of Merlin Entertainment Group, settled in Huangpu District of Shanghai. Over the past decade or so, Merlin Entertainment Group has successively introduced six major IPS of its short-distance tour business unit to nearly 20 scenic spots in six cities.

　　At present, 10 legoland have been put into operation in the world, and 3 under construction are located in China, Shenzhen, Sichuan and Shanghai.

　　Since 2018, Merlin Entertainment Group has mainly expanded in legoland. At present, there are three projects under construction and development in Shenzhen, Shanghai and Sichuan.

　　"With the continuous growth of the urban middle class in China market, the theme attraction entertainment industry must have a very bright future." Jie Chen said that Merlin Entertainment Group attaches great importance to the opportunity of further expansion in the China market, and its newly appointed CEO will visit China in April this year, which fully demonstrates Merlin’s emphasis on the China market and his expectation for the future development of the China market.

　　For China’s constantly optimized business environment, Jie Chen was deeply impressed by his participation in the construction of the Shanghai legoland project.

　　Since September 2021, the preliminary work in legoland has entered a period of upgrading and increasing speed. From September 17th, the land in the core area was successfully delisted, to September 30th, when the project was formally approved, and to November 5th, when the first construction permit was obtained, "the whole process was as smooth and efficient as lightning".

　　Jie Chen was moved by many details of the application, such as: "For example, the staff actively worked overtime, the whole process of counseling and reporting for approval, the establishment of a green channel for stamp approval, and the staff tirelessly reviewed the updates of each design plan."

　　"Thanks to the professional guidance and accurate service provided by the administrative departments at all levels in the urban area, we have opened up a green channel in the aspects of regulatory approval, water system adjustment, project approval and construction permit, and given all-round support to the Shanghai legoland Resort project." Jie Chen said that the project promotion of Shanghai legoland Resort has reflected the "golden mountain speed".

　　At the beginning of February this year, relevant joint ventures, construction units, design units and project management companies gathered together. In order to speed up the project and boost morale, the resort strives to open to the outside world in 2024.

　　Jie Chen said: "The overall design of the three upcoming projects in China District has reached the highest specifications of legoland in the world. The positioning of the Shanghai project is to become the flagship version of legoland. Around this vision, we still have a lot of work to do in terms of design and future operation, and hardware and software complement each other. "

In order to do a good job in the implementation of the special post plan for school teachers in rural compulsory education in 2021 in our province (hereinafter referred to as the "special post plan"), according to the spirit of the Notice of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Anhui Provincial Department of Finance and Anhui Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security on printing and distributing the implementation plan for the recruitment of school teachers in rural compulsory education in 2021 in Anhui Province, the relevant matters are hereby announced as follows:　　

First, the recruitment principle

(a) adhere to the society, open and fair.

(two) adhere to the examination and selection.

(3) Adhere to unified organization and graded responsibility.

Second, the recruitment plan

In 2021, the state issued 3,700 "Special Post Plan" in our province, and the implementation scope was: shitai county in Chizhou City, Huaiyuan County in Bengbu City, Dangshan County, Lingbi County, Sixian County and Yongqiao District in Suzhou City, Qianshan City, Wangjiang County, Taihu County and Yuexi County in Anqing City, Shouxian County in Huainan City, Yu ‘an District, jin an district County and Jinzhai County in Lu ‘an City. Susong county and other 25 poverty-stricken areas (Dabie Mountain county, national key poverty alleviation and development counties and provincial key poverty alleviation and development counties). See Annex 1 for the post schedule of "Special Post Plan" in Anhui Province in 2021.

Third, the recruitment conditions

1. Meet the requirements of the recruitment position. Meet the standard of Putonghua, physical condition and psychological condition stipulated by the Teachers Law, Teachers’ Qualification Regulations and other laws and regulations. It meets the requirements of the ten standards of professional behavior of teachers in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in the new era, and has no criminal record and other illegal records that may not be employed.

2. Have the corresponding teacher qualification certificate. Affected by the epidemic situation, those who have not yet obtained the teacher qualification certificate can apply for the recruitment of special post teachers with the Certificate of Qualification Examination for Primary and Secondary School Teachers (available on China Education Examination Network, website: http://ntce.neea.edu.cn/) or the written examination results-NTCE results (kindergarten and primary school teachers have two written examination results and junior high school teachers have three written examination results) within the validity period. Strictly "work with certificates", all candidates must obtain teacher qualification certificates before going through the recruitment procedures.

3. Give priority to undergraduate and above graduates from ordinary colleges and universities, encourage undergraduate normal graduates to apply, and appropriately recruit higher normal college graduates.

4. Not more than 30 years old (born on or after April 14, 1990).

5. Volunteers who have participated in the "Volunteer Service Plan for College Students in the West" and have teaching experience and graduates of normal colleges who have participated in internship and teaching for more than half a year are given priority under the same conditions.

6. Meet other requirements required for the recruitment position (see Annex 1).

Persons under any of the following circumstances are not allowed to apply:

(a) do not meet the requirements of the recruitment requirements;

(2) Non-fresh graduates of full-time colleges and universities who are studying;

(3) Servicemen;

(four) the personnel who have been identified by the education department of the government and the human resources and social security department as having violated the examination discipline and are in the suspension period;

(5) Persons who have been subjected to criminal punishment for crimes and those who have been expelled from public office, those who have been punished by Party discipline and discipline or are undergoing disciplinary review, those who are under criminal punishment or are under judicial investigation and have not yet reached a conclusion;

(six) the law shall not participate in the registration or employment of personnel in other circumstances as staff of public institutions.

IV. Recruitment Procedures and Related Requirements

(1) Publicity and mobilization

The education departments, human resources and social security departments of cities, counties (cities, districts) and relevant colleges and universities widely publicize the significance of implementing the "Special Post Plan" and the recruitment conditions, methods and related preferential policies through various forms and channels such as meetings, documents, media and the Internet, and guide and encourage college graduates to actively sign up for the recruitment of special post teachers.

(2) Online registration

1. Registration time. Applicants can log in to the information management and service system of Anhui Special Post Plan (http://tg.ahzsks.cn, the same below), and the online registration time is from 8: 00 on April 14th to 18: 00 on April 18th, and will not be accepted after the deadline.

2. Relevant requirements

(1) Applicants should enter information truthfully and completely according to the prompt requirements of the registration system to ensure accuracy and upload corresponding information as required.

(2) Applicants promise that the contents filled in the registration are true and effective, and they will abide by the examination discipline, otherwise they will be disqualified.

(3) Each applicant is limited to one recruitment position in a county (city, district).

(3) Online qualification examination

1. At the same time that the applicants register online from 8: 00 on April 14th to 18: 00 on April 18th, the education bureaus of each Shegang county (city, district) will conduct qualification examination one by one according to the recruitment conditions, and the examination will end before 17:30 on April 19th. Applicants should log in to the information management and service system of "Special Post Plan" before 17:30 on April 19th to see if they have passed the qualification examination. Those who pass the qualification examination shall not apply for other positions; Those who have not yet reviewed or failed the qualification examination can change the newspaper before 17:30 on April 19.

2. The positions that are insufficient for the examination and that are not applied for will be reduced or cancelled by the Provincial Department of Education, and published on the website of the Anhui Provincial Department of Education before April 22. Applicants who have applied for this position and passed the qualification examination can change their applications from 8: 00 to 12: 00 on April 23, and will not be accepted after the deadline. The Education Bureau of each Shegang county (city, district) shall complete the qualification examination of the applicants for the post change before 16:00 on April 23rd.

3. Candidates who have passed the qualification examination will print the written test admission ticket from the information management and service system of "Special Post Plan" from 8: 00 on May 6th to 18:00 on May 8th.

4. Applicants should carefully read the precautions and examination room rules on the written test admission ticket, hold their valid ID card and written test admission ticket, and take the written test at the specified time and place.

(four) organize the examination and on-site qualification review.

The exam is divided into written test and interview. The full marks of written test and interview are all counted as 100 points, and the total test score is calculated according to the written test score accounting for 80% and interview score accounting for 20%, that is, the total test score = written test score ×80%+ interview score ×20%.

1. written test

(1) The written test is conducted in the form of closed book. The written test subjects are divided into junior middle school morality and rule of law, history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, primary school science, morality and rule of law; Other subjects, regardless of junior high school and primary school, are based on Chinese, mathematics, English, information technology, music, art, physical education and health, mental health, special education and comprehensive practical activities. Each subject has a perfect score of 100 points, including 40 points for comprehensive education knowledge and 60 points for professional knowledge. The comprehensive knowledge of education mainly examines the applicants’ mastery of pedagogy, psychology, educational laws and regulations, curriculum theory and teachers’ moral cultivation. Subject professional knowledge mainly examines the professional knowledge and comprehensive application ability that applicants should have as subject teachers in compulsory education.

(2) Written test time: 9:00-11:30 am on May 9.

(3) The written examination shall be unified in the whole province. The test center is located in each shegang city (candidates who apply for the post of susong county take the test in Anqing City), and the specific examination work is implemented by each shegang city under the guidance of the Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security.

On May 18th, the written test results were announced. Applicants can log on to the website of Anhui Education Department (https://jyt.ah.gov.cn) for enquiry.

Set the minimum score of the written test to 50 points. Those who fail to reach the minimum score will be disqualified from entering the next link.

2. On-site qualification review

(1) The object of on-site qualification review is the person to be interviewed. The candidates to participate in the interview are based on Shegang County (city, district), and the study sections are determined according to the number of disciplines and positions. If the number of plans is 10 or less, it shall be determined according to the ratio of 1: 2, 11-20, 1: 1.8, 21-30, and 31 or more, it shall be determined according to the ratio of 1: 1.5, and the integer digits with decimals shall be rounded by adding one, from high score to low score. The list of candidates to participate in the interview shall be announced to the public by the Education Bureau of Shegang County (city, district) through the official website before May 21st. The qualification review shall be the specific responsibility of the Education Bureau of each county (city, district). The Education Bureau of Shegang County (city, district) shall timely announce the specific time and place of qualification review. Candidates who intend to participate in the interview must accept the on-site qualification review within the time specified by the Education Bureau of the county (city, district) where they apply for the post.

(2) The following materials shall be provided when the interviewee accepts the on-site qualification review:

My valid resident ID card, diploma (degree) certificate, relevant certificates and certificates required by the recruitment requirements, the written test admission ticket, and the original registration form for special post teachers in 2021 (downloaded and printed from the information management and service system of "Special Post Plan" on May 21-24). Among them:

① Full-time graduates in 2021 who have not obtained the graduation certificate shall provide the original student ID card, my written commitment on obtaining the graduation certificate and the specialty of the graduation certificate is consistent with that required for the post.

(2) Candidates who have completed all the courses specified in the teaching plan, qualified in all subjects, graduated in 2021 but have not yet obtained the graduation certificate, provide their written commitments about obtaining the graduation certificate and the specialty of the graduation certificate is consistent with that required for the post.

(3) Those who have not yet obtained the teacher qualification certificate must provide the Certificate of Qualification Examination for Primary and Secondary School Teachers or the written test results-NTCE scores (kindergarten and primary school teachers have two written test results, junior high school teachers have three written test results) and other materials within the validity period.

(4) the official staff of the organs and institutions shall provide the proof that the unit and the competent department agree to apply for the exam according to the cadre and personnel management authority.

(3) Those who fail to pass the qualification review or fail to participate in the on-site qualification review on time are disqualified from the interview, and the written test scores will be replenished from high to low. The candidates for replacement shall be determined by the education department of Shegang County (city, district) and the human society department at the same level.

(4) Candidates who have passed the qualification review shall be entered into the column of "Qualified Candidates for Interview" in the information management and service system of the "Special Post Plan" in Anhui Province by the education bureaus of each Shegang county (city, district), and an interview notice will be issued on the spot.

(5) The Education Bureau of Shegang County (city, district) shall complete the qualification review before May 28th, and publish the list of persons with interview qualifications on the official website before May 30th.

Step 3 interview

(1) The interview work is organized and implemented by the education, human resources and social security departments of Shegang County (city, district) under the guidance and supervision of the education, human resources and social security departments of Shegang City. The interview questions are unified by each post city. The interview work plan shall be formulated by the education, human resources and social security departments of Shegang County (city, district) and implemented after being approved by the education, human resources and social security departments of Shegang City (the interview work plan of susong county shall be implemented after being approved by the education, human resources and social security departments of Anqing City).

(2) The interview mainly examines the basic literacy, appearance and logical thinking, coordination and adaptability, language expression ability and the necessary quality and ability of teaching posts. Out of 100. The interview time for each interviewer is 15 minutes.

(3) The interview will be completed before June 5th. The specific time is announced by Shegang County (city, district), and applicants can check it on the official website of the county (city, district) where they apply for the position. Those who are qualified for the interview will go to the designated place in Shegang County (city, district) for an interview according to the time published on the Internet with their valid ID card, written test admission ticket and interview notice.

After the interview, Shegang County (city, district) will determine the list of persons who intend to participate in the medical examination and inspection according to the total scores of the applicants (written test and interview are combined according to percentage, and two decimal places are reserved in the statistical process, rounded off), and the names of the persons who plan to participate in the medical examination and inspection are determined in equal numbers according to the academic sections and the subjects from high to low (if the total scores are tied, the written test scores of the applicants and the scores of Professional Knowledge in the written test will be taken as the basis, and the scores from high to low will be determined. It will be published on the official website by the Education Bureau of Shegang County (city, district) before June 8, and the list of people who intend to participate in medical examination and inspection will be entered into the column of "People who intend to participate in medical examination and inspection" in the information management and service system of "Special Post Plan" in Anhui Province.

(5) Physical examination and inspection

The physical examination standards shall be implemented with reference to the Standards and Measures for Physical Examination of Applicants for Teacher Qualification in Anhui Province and the Notice of the Provincial Department of Education on Further Improving the Physical Examination of Teacher Qualification. The investigation mainly focuses on the political thought, moral quality, professional ability and work performance (academic performance) of the proposed personnel. If the qualification to be employed is cancelled due to unqualified physical examination and inspection or if the applicant fails to participate in the physical examination and inspection at the specified time, it will be replenished from high score to low score according to the total score of the examination (if the total score is tied, it will be determined from high score to low score based on the written test score of the applicant and the professional knowledge in the written test in turn).

(6) Solicit volunteers

After the physical examination and inspection, if there are job vacancies (including the reduction or cancellation of jobs in the registration stage), the Provincial Department of Education will organize voluntary recruitment as appropriate. The specific implementation plan for soliciting volunteers shall be separately formulated and announced by the Provincial Department of Education.

(seven) to determine the candidate

Each Shegang county (city, district) determines the list of candidates to be hired according to the total examination scores and the results of physical examination and investigation. The Education Bureau of each Shegang county (city, district) inputs the list into the column of "Persons to be hired" in the information management and service system of the "Special Post Plan" in Anhui Province, and derives the "List of Persons to be hired in the" Special Post Plan for School Teachers in Rural Compulsory Education in 2021 "from the system. The list of teachers with special posts to be hired after examination and determination was publicized on the website of Anhui Education Department (https://jyt.ah.gov.cn) for 5 days.

(8) signing employment contracts

The proposed employee and the county (city, district) Education Bureau where the school is located signed a three-year agreement (sample) on the "Special Post Plan for School Teachers in Rural Compulsory Education Stage in Anhui Province" (Annex 3). Those who fail to obtain the teacher qualification certificate before going through the recruitment procedures or fail to provide the corresponding level of academic qualifications, degrees and other certificates required by the recruitment position before December 31, 2021 will be disqualified.

(9) Pre-job training

Pre-job training is organized by the Provincial Department of Education, and the specific training time and place will be notified separately.

(10) Take up posts to teach

Before signing the employment contract, the Education Bureau of Shegang County (city, district) will announce the school on the official website; After signing the employment contract, the proposed personnel will be arranged by the Education Bureau of Shegang County (city, district) to the post-setting school according to the way of giving priority to high scores.

For information about the recruitment policy of special post teachers in Anhui Province in 2021, such as written examination, interview, physical examination and inspection, please log on to the website of Anhui Provincial Department of Education and the official websites of Shegang counties (cities, districts) in time (see Annex 2) for enquiries.

This examination does not specify an examination counseling book, and the education and human resources departments at all levels in the province do not hold or entrust any institution to hold an examination counseling training class.

Consultation on matters related to qualification examination, interview, physical examination and inspection: Personnel Department of Education Bureau of each Shegang county (city, district) (see Annex 2 for contact information).

Policy Consultation: 0551-62822080 (Teachers’ Office of Provincial Education Department)

Registration technical problems and examination consultation: 0551-63609520 (Provincial Education Admissions Examination Institute)

Supervisory reporting telephone number: 0551-62849194

The above-mentioned consultation services and supervision hotline are used during normal office hours.

Inquiry website: Anhui Education Department website (https://jyt.ah.gov.cn)

Hereby announce

Attachment: 1. Post Schedule of "Special Post Plan" in Anhui Province in 2021 by County and Discipline.

2. Contact information and official website address of the education department of each city and county (city, district).

Anhui Provincial Department of Education Anhui Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security

April 9, 2021

Attachment 1 "Special Post Plan" of Anhui Province in 2021. xls

Attachment 2 Contact information and official website address. xls of the education departments of each post-setting city and county (city, district)

　　[car home Information] A few days ago, we learned from the official that (|) will be rolled off the assembly line on May 17th, and the pre-sale of this car has been started before, with a total of three models, with the pre-sale price range of 28,900-34,900 yuan. Pentium Pony locates a mini electric vehicle with three doors and four seats, with a pure battery life of 122km/170km under CLTC conditions.

　　Looking back at the new car, its appearance cancels the design of China Net, and the charging port is below the new LOGO. There are two Q-cute headlights on the front face, and the high-profile models will also provide LED light sources and have different color schemes. In terms of body size, its length, width and height are 3000/1510/1630mm and its wheelbase is 1953 mm.

　　In terms of interior, the interior is relatively simple, but the overall color scheme is bold. It only provides an all-LCD instrument panel, and other control functions are mainly operated by physical buttons. The overall shape is similar to the handle style of the game machine, and the gearbox knob is also located on the center console. This design makes a more spacious space between the two seats in the front row.

　　In the configuration part, the new car comes standard with the main driver airbag and front and rear seat belts. In the multimedia entertainment system, the car has functions such as radio, USB music and mobile phone Bluetooth. At the same time, the high-profile models provide a 7-inch LCD instrument combination screen and reversing images. At the same time, it also supports remote control of mobile App, which can realize remote unlocking and remote car search.

　　In terms of power, Pentium Pony is equipped with a single motor, with a maximum power of 20 kW and a peak torque of 85 Nm. It is equipped with a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, which has a pure battery life of 122km/170km under CLTC working conditions and supports the switching between sports and economy driving modes. At the same time, the slow charging port of the car is located under the central cover of the front face, and there is also a glass water filling port on the left side of the charging port. (Compile/car home Guo Chen)

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 20th Question: Let "rare diseases" no longer be "orphans"-What is the expectation of "one pill" for patients with major diseases?

Xinhua News Agency reporters Xiao Sisi, Liao Jun, Bao Xiaojing and Lin Miaomiao

Following the price reduction of some anticancer drugs and medical insurance, "ensuring the use of drugs for 20 million patients with rare diseases" was put on the agenda and attracted much attention. Recently, the State Council held an executive meeting to deploy measures to strengthen the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer and drug security, and decided to give VAT concessions to rare drugs.

From frequently-occurring and common diseases to rare and difficult diseases, the state has played a "combination boxing" to meet the expectations of patients with major diseases for "one pill".

Prevention and treatment of rare diseases play a "combination boxing"

Rare diseases are often called "medical orphans" because of their few clinical cases and little experience, which leads to high misdiagnosis, high missed diagnosis and difficult medication.

Feifei, a two-year-old boy from Hefei, Anhui, suffers from "painless anhidrosis". He often bites his fingers until they are bloody and pulls out his four teeth with his hands, but there is no pain. There are only about 100 cases of this rare disease in the world.

Feifei’s "painless anhidrosis" is one of the more than 7,000 rare diseases confirmed at present. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, rare diseases refer to diseases in which the number of patients accounts for 0.65 ‰-1 ‰ of the total population, including gradual freezing, "glass man" (hemophilia), "puppet man" (multiple sclerosis), involuntary dancing (Huntington’s disease), limp children (spinal muscular atrophy), PNH (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria) and so on. In fact, rare diseases are not rare. There are more than 7,000 rare diseases, and the total number of patients with all rare diseases in China has reached more than 20 million …

Pan Longfei, 30, is a patient with Kalman syndrome. This is a rare hereditary disease. Because of hypogonadism, patients suffer from hypoplasia or loss of secondary sexual characteristics, in addition to the loss of sense of smell.

"I was diagnosed at the age of 23." Pan Longfei said that since he was a child, he was thinner and sicker than others. From the age of 6, his parents took him everywhere for medical advice, and it was not until he was 23 years old that he was diagnosed. Every two or three days, he needs to inject human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to maintain hormone balance in the body. Pan Longfei said that there is a saying in the industry that "rare diseases are rare, but doctors who can see rare diseases are actually even rarer."

Zhang Shuyang, vice president of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, believes that "from caring for frequently-occurring and common diseases to caring for rare and difficult diseases, especially rare diseases with poor prognosis, caring for patients with rare diseases is the embodiment of social development and civilization, and also represents the fairness and justice of medical treatment. The standardization of diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases and the development of orphan drugs will also drive the development of the overall level of medicine. "

In the past year, the country gradually standardized the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases.

The 2018 edition of the National Essential Medicines Catalogue and the First Batch of Rare Diseases Catalogue jointly formulated by five departments including the National Health and Wellness Commission have been published one after another … Cancer and rare disease patients have ushered in hope.

Recently, from cancer to rare diseases, the state once again introduced a "combination boxing" for the prevention and treatment of major diseases.

-ensuring medication for patients with rare diseases. Following the State Council’s inclusion of supporting "orphan drugs" in the key task of deepening medical reform in the 13th Five-Year Plan in December 2016, on February 11th this year, the Standing Committee of the State Council decided to give value-added tax concessions to drugs with rare diseases. From March 1st, for the first batch of 21 medicines with rare diseases and 4 APIs, VAT will be levied at a reduced rate of 3% for the import link with reference to anticancer drugs, and at home, VAT can be levied at a simple rate of 3%.

On February 15th, official website, National Health Commission issued the Notice of the General Office of the National Health and Wellness Commission on Establishing a National Collaborative Network for Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Diseases, and selected 324 hospitals with strong diagnosis and treatment capabilities and more cases as collaborative network hospitals to form a collaborative network for diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases.

According to Wang Ping, Director of the Department of Drug Registration of National Medical Products Administration, a special review mechanism has been established for overseas new drugs that are urgently needed in clinic, and the first batch of 48 varieties that are urgently needed in clinic have been selected, including therapeutic drugs for rare diseases and some drugs that are seriously life-threatening. The approval time for therapeutic drugs for rare diseases is concluded within 3 months, and for other urgently needed therapeutic drugs, it is concluded within 6 months. In 2018, 18 new anticancer drugs were approved, an increase of 157% over 2017.

Shorten the "reflex arc" of policy dividends to the grassroots.

Reporters at the grassroots level found that the inability to buy medicine and the high cost of treatment have become a "life and death test" for patients with rare diseases.

The number of patients with some drugs is too small, pharmaceutical companies are unwilling to produce, and patients have no drugs available.

Zhang Shuyang said that among the 121 diseases listed in the first list of rare diseases, there are 54 medicines available for 39 diseases. Among them, 29 drugs listed in China can treat 21 diseases. There are also most rare diseases for which no medicine is available.

Some drugs for rare diseases are expensive, which makes patients daunting. Qin Jiong, director of pediatrics at Peking University People’s Hospital, said that in the United States, the average annual treatment cost for patients with rare diseases is $137,000, a large proportion of which is medicine.

In Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Xiao Yuzhe, who is more than one year old, lies quietly in his mother’s arms, his palm-sized face is covered by a mask, and his small hand is stuck with an indwelling needle. Xiao Yuzhe has been in the hospital for nearly five months.

"Langerhans histiocytosis-his father and I were stunned after hearing the doctor’s diagnosis. Two people sat outside holding their mobile phones and found out that they were crying with their children." Yuzhe’s mother counted with her fingers, and she has spent more than 110,000 yuan since she was admitted to the hospital. "I heard that the follow-up treatment will cost more than 100,000 yuan."

"cladribine, a needle costs more than 7000 yuan, one course of treatment takes 5 sticks, and the follow-up takes 3 or 4 courses. This does not include the cost of other therapeutic drugs. " Li Hui, deputy director of the oncology department of the hospital, said that Yu Zhe’s disease can’t be regarded as leukemia, and it can’t rely on solid tumors. He can’t even enjoy the policy of serious illness relief. This time, the country has published a list of rare diseases, and recently, the tax burden of these rare drugs has been greatly reduced, and the prices should be lowered accordingly, which brings a glimmer of hope to the families of rare patients like Yuzhe’s mother.

Due to the small amount of drugs used for rare diseases and the large investment of enterprises in drug research and development, the drugs for rare diseases produced in China are often scarce or expensive. However, this situation has gradually improved.

For example, Professor Liu Li, Chairman of the Rare Diseases Branch of Guangdong Medical Association and Director of the Department of Genetics and Endocrinology of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, used to want to get drugs for treating rare diseases, but they could not be bought through formal channels. After the patient tried his best to buy the medicine, the hospital dared not give it to the patient. "With the introduction of a series of policies, some therapeutic drugs included in the list of rare diseases have quickly entered the China market through the green channel."

Reporters in Guangdong, Anhui, Hubei and other places learned that 17 kinds of anticancer drugs negotiated by the state have landed, and patients can enjoy medical insurance reimbursement. According to the Anhui Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau, while ensuring the implementation of 17 kinds of anticancer drug policies negotiated by the state, Anhui implemented quantity procurement for another 13 kinds of anticancer drugs at the end of 2018, and the average price of these 13 kinds of drugs dropped by 39.52%. For example, the drug with the biggest drop is gefitinib tablets for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, from more than 1,000 yuan per box to more than 400 yuan.

What other "prescriptions" are eagerly awaited by the masses?

At the grassroots level, what are the eager hopes for patients with major diseases to use drugs?

-Strengthen the research and development of new drugs and improve the accessibility of patients’ medication.

Ensuring the supply of orphan drugs is the basis for patients with rare diseases to "save their lives".

Experts from Beijing and Guangzhou believe that it is an indisputable fact that many patients with rare diseases are prone to early disability and young death. It is imperative for hospitals to buy medicines first.

Li Hui and other experts believe that the treatment of rare diseases mainly depends on drugs, and the proportion of drug expenditure in the main medical expenditure of patients with rare diseases often reaches 80% or even higher. The preferential tax on import has brought positive influence to the market of rare disease drugs. If patients with rare diseases can afford high-end drugs, the fundamental solution is to strengthen the production and research of independent drugs.

Yan Shijie, director of gynecology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, believes that "orphan medicine" needs the support of national policies, directional production, tax reduction and exemption, and at the same time, the establishment of national reserve system and alarm mechanism to adjust supply and demand in time.

-Accelerate the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment system for major diseases such as cancer, promote the screening of rare diseases and cancers, and make efforts to reduce the mortality rate.

Early screening and early treatment are the first line of defense-according to clinical statistics, more than 80% of rare diseases are caused by heredity. Li Long, chief physician of Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, believes that the establishment of prenatal screening and physical examination for children is the cheapest and most efficient means to prevent and treat rare diseases. In addition, improving the standardized diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases nationwide, especially strengthening preventive treatment, can prevent them in advance and reduce the disability and death of rare diseases.

Liu Li believes that the establishment of the national rare disease cooperation network is to make the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases relatively centralized and two-way referral, reduce misdiagnosis and mistreatment, and give patients with rare diseases who have already developed a more suitable diagnosis and treatment plan.

-Optimizing the medical security system. Clinical experts believe that some targeted drugs and immunotherapy are expensive, and it is necessary to establish a multi-level security system and a multi-payment system as soon as possible.

Hao Chunpeng, president of China Medical Insurance Magazine, believes that it is necessary to establish a multi-level medical security system, provide social support through medical assistance and charity, and make various high-level supplements through commercial insurance to ensure people’s different levels of medical needs.

　

　　Yale University scientists revealed the gradual process of quantum transition through a high-speed photography technology. Quantum jump has once again become a buzzword, and it has set off a debate about whether quantum mechanics is random or continuous.

　　As a theory to understand the atomic scale world, quantum mechanics has a core concept that is extremely radical, bold and counterintuitive, and even becomes a buzzword, that is "quantum transition". Most pioneers of quantum mechanics believe that quantum transitions are "random and instantaneous".

　　A new experiment shows that this is not the case. The research was completed by Zlatko Minev, a graduate student of Mike de Vorreith Laboratory of Yale University. He and his colleagues revealed the gradual process of quantum transition through a high-speed photography technique. This achievement was recently published in the journal Nature.

　　The significance of the experiment may be far more than that: researchers use the high-speed detection system to "catch" the quantum transition when it is about to be marked, and then reverse it to restore the system to its initial state.

　　As a result, the inevitable stochastic processes in quantum physics are now proved to be controllable — — Can people really control quantum?

　　Debate on quantum transition

　　Unlike Bohr and Heisenberg’s quantum theory, Schrodinger believes that there is no quantum transition.

　　In the mid-1920s, physicists niels bohr, Werner Heisenberg and colleagues established quantum theory. Bohr first proposed the concept of quantum transition, but it was not observed in the laboratory until the 1980s. This theory is collectively called Copenhagen interpretation.

　　Bohr proposed earlier that the energy levels (i.e. energy states) of electrons in atoms are quantized, that is, electrons can only use certain energy levels, while all intermediate energy levels are forbidden. He assumes that electrons change their energy by absorbing or releasing light quantum particles, that is, photons, and the energy of photons matches the energy gap between the allowed electronic States. This explains why atoms and molecules can absorb or release light with specific wavelengths. For example, many copper-containing salts are blue, while sodium lamps emit yellow light.

　　In a set of mathematical theories developed by Bohr and Heisenberg, which can explain quantum phenomena, Heisenberg listed all the allowed quantum states, suggesting that the transitions between these quantum states are instantaneous and discontinuous. The concept of instantaneous quantum transition has become a basic concept in Copenhagen.

　　However, the Austrian physicist Erwin Schr?dinger, another founder of quantum mechanics, did not agree with this view. In Schrodinger’s theory, he represented quantum particles by wave-like entities of wave functions. Their changes were gentle, and they changed continuously with time, just like gentle waves on the vast sea.

　　Schrodinger believes that things in the real world will not suddenly change greatly without spending a little time, and discontinuous quantum transitions are just an illusion in my mind. In an article entitled "Is there a quantum jump" published in 1952, Schrodinger firmly replied: "No."

　　The focus of the debate between them is not just whether Schrodinger likes sudden changes, but that Bohr and others claim that quantum transitions will occur randomly, but they can’t say why it is that particular time. This is like a result without reason, which is undoubtedly a great challenge to the law of natural causality.

　　In order to explore deeply, people need to observe a single quantum transition. In 1986, three international research teams reported that they observed quantum transitions in a single atom suspended by an electromagnetic field: the atom switches back and forth between a "bright" state and a "dark" state, in which the atom emits a photon, while in a "dark" state it does not emit photons randomly; The atom stays in one of these states for a few tenths of a second to a few seconds, and then jumps again.

　　Since then, people have observed such transitions in different systems, including the transition of photons between different quantum states and the transition of atoms of solid materials between quantized magnetized states. In 2007, a French research team reported that a transition was found, which was in line with what they described as the process of "a single photon from birth, activity to death".

　　In these experiments, the transition really seems to be sudden and random, because even if the quantum system is monitored, no one can tell when the transition will occur, and there is no specific image showing the transition.

　　Capture quantum transition

　　The experiment of Yale University can not only predict the transition, but also reverse it.

　　How exactly did Yale University do this experiment?

　　Generally speaking, they use a special method to indirectly monitor superconducting artificial atoms, that is, three microwave generators are used to irradiate atoms enclosed in an aluminum three-dimensional cavity. This dual indirect monitoring method developed for superconducting circuits enables researchers to observe atoms with unprecedented efficiency. They found that every time a quantum jump occurs, a tiny photon disappearance phenomenon will occur, which can be regarded as an early warning signal.

　　Minev, the first author of the paper, said: "Using this phenomenon, we can not only predict the transition, but even reverse the transition."

　　The researchers said that although quantum transitions are discrete and random in the long run, preventing quantum transitions means that the evolution of quantum States is deterministic to some extent, rather than completely random; Transitions always occur from their random starting points in the same and predictable way.

　　The quantum system used by researchers is much larger than atoms, and it is composed of cables made of superconducting materials, sometimes called "artificial atoms" because they have discrete quantum energy states, similar to the electronic states in real atoms. Transitions between energy states can be induced by absorbing or releasing a photon, just like electronic transitions in atoms.

　　Some scientists believe that this research may also be applied to quantum computing error correction. However, the real value of the experimental results lies not in any practical application, but in our understanding of the quantum mechanical system.

　　How can Schrodinger’s cat be saved

　　Through correct monitoring, we can observe an early warning signal and take action.

　　Schrodinger’s cat paradox explains the concept of "superposition" in quantum physics (that is, two opposite states can coexist) and unpredictability: a cat is placed in a sealed box with a radioactive source and a poison in it. If one atom of radioactive material decays, it will release poison. According to the superposition theory of quantum physics, before someone opened the box, the cat in it was both alive and dead, that is, in the superposition state of two States. Once the box is opened and the cat’s life and death are observed, its quantum state will change immediately and become one of "dead" or "alive".

　　Yale University’s research shows that an early warning signal can be observed during quantum transition, which makes Schrodinger’s cat saved.

　　Because the decay of nuclear is a random event, physicists only know the probability of its decay, and can’t know when it decays. If the nucleus decays, releasing alpha particles, triggering the electronic switch, the hammer falls, smashing the poison bottle and releasing cyanide gas, the cat will be poisoned.

　　If physicists don’t open the lid of the secret room, it is uncertain whether the cat is dead or alive, and it is in a superposition state of both death and life. Only when the lid is lifted can we know for sure whether the cat is dead or alive. In this way, the microscopic uncertainty principle has become a macroscopic uncertainty principle.

　　Yale University researchers use an indirect observation method in the experiment, which is also a "weak measurement" method widely used in the field of quantum information, and will not disturb the observed object. Researchers believe that the transition of a particle is neither as sudden nor as random as previously thought, and the evolution of quantum state is deterministic rather than random to some extent. Theoretically, through correct monitoring, we can definitely find the warning of the coming disaster, and take action before the disaster, and remove the poison bottle at the moment when the nuclear decay is predicted, so Schrodinger’s cat was saved. Minev said: "The quantum transition of atoms is somewhat similar to volcanic eruption. In the long run, they are completely unpredictable. Nevertheless, through correct monitoring, we can accurately get the early warning of the impending disaster and take action before it happens. "

　　The foundation of quantum mechanics has not been affected.

　　The paper clearly shows that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theory of quantum mechanics.

　　According to von Neumann’s summary, quantum mechanics has two basic processes, one is deterministic evolution according to Schrodinger equation, and the other is random collapse of quantum superposition state caused by measurement. Schrodinger equation is the core equation of quantum mechanics, which is deterministic and has nothing to do with randomness. Then the randomness of quantum mechanics only comes from measurement.

　　This randomness of measurement is what Einstein can’t understand. He used the metaphor that "God can’t roll the dice" to oppose randomness of measurement. However, countless experiments have confirmed that the result of directly measuring a quantum superposition state is random. In order to solve this problem, many interpretations of quantum mechanics have been born, among which three mainstream interpretations are Copenhagen interpretation, multi-world interpretation and consistent historical interpretation.

　　According to Copenhagen interpretation, measurement will lead to the collapse of quantum state, that is, quantum state will be destroyed instantly and fall to an eigenstate randomly; According to the multi-world interpretation, every measurement is a division of the world, and the results of all eigenstates exist, but they are completely independent of each other and do not interfere with each other. We are just randomly in a certain world; Consistent historical interpretation introduces quantum decoherence process, which solves the problem from superposition state to classical probability distribution. However, in choosing which classical probability, it still goes back to the debate between Copenhagen interpretation and multi-world interpretation.

　　Professor Li Chuanfeng from the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information of China Academy of Sciences told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that these interpretations predicted the same physical results, and they could not be falsified, so the physical meanings were equivalent. Therefore, the academic circles mainly adopted Copenhagen interpretation, that is, the word collapse represented the randomness of measuring quantum states.

　　"The experiment of Yale scholars has not affected the foundation of quantum mechanics, that is, the inherent uncertainty of quantum mechanics." Li Chuanfeng said that the quantum transition is certain for the wave function itself, just like a dice, and it is certain that it can’t roll 7 points. The wave function can calculate how the particle probability cloud in quantum state evolves, but once the measurement problem is involved, the Schrodinger equation cannot be solved. The only way is to calculate the probability of particles, such as position probability, momentum probability and so on.

　　"In fact, as early as 1986, a research team confirmed through experiments that quantum transitions take time. Yale University found that quantum transitions not only take time, but also send out an early warning signal before each transition. " Li Chuanfeng said that this is like saying that someone wants to jump long, but it is impossible to predict when he will take off, but before jumping forward, his body will lean forward and raise his arm to swing back and forth, and there is a definite causal relationship between these two things. Just hit him as soon as he raises his arm, and he won’t jump. However, when this early warning signal appears is still probabilistic. As for the "overturning quantum mechanics and overturning the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics" circulating on the Internet, it is not involved in the experiment at all, and it is clearly stated in the paper that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theory of quantum mechanics.

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　 　 　 　 On the social networks where Zhihu, Douban and other young artists gather, there has never been a lack of such topics as "XX absolutely beautiful unpopular songs" and "Recommend some popular music that is nice but not popular". There is no distinction between the public and the minority in the genre of music. The so-called minority or unpopular music is mostly defined according to the amount of play or the audience.

　 　 　 　　Van adib, CEO of eCast, discovered the famous "98 Rule" in his research on digital music, that is, the audience has unlimited demand for 98% of non-popular music, and the market for non-popular music collections is enormous and boundless.

　 　 　 　　On the one hand, there is a strong user demand, and on the other hand, there is a huge market prospect. How to recommend these 98% unpopular songs to the audience has been tried by music service providers all over the world, as has the domestic online music platform, and Netease Cloud Music, which stands out by virtue of the unique positioning of the music community, is one of the best. Compared with the average utilization rate of music libraries below 20% in the industry, Netease Cloud Music has reached 80% of "going against the sky". In addition to the ingenuity of products, Netease Cloud Music has mainly done two things right.

1. Reconstruct the music recommendation method.

　 　 　 　　Netease Cloud Music was launched in April 2013. At that time, most of the music software on the market was "music library+player", which played the role of listening to songs. It is not difficult to understand the phenomenon mentioned at the beginning of this article. Users can’t find their favorite music in the music player, and interest-oriented online communities have become a natural medium for discovering and sharing music.

　 　 　 　　The appearance of Netease Cloud Music has changed the traditional music recommendation method, mainly in two aspects, one is song list, and the other is personalized recommendation.

　 　 　 　　Let’s start with the song list, which is similar to the song sharing article on Douban, but it is transferred from a third-party social platform to a music APP, which is also in line with the positioning of Netease Cloud Music Music Community. The song list has realized two direct functions. In the past, the chaotic song collection was solved after joining the song list. In the past, users had a strong dependence on various lists to find songs, which actually accelerated the difference between popular and non-popular. Songs appearing on the list will be heard by more people, while music outside the list may become a long tail. On Netease Cloud Music, song list has replaced the list as a popular listening behavior.

　 　 　 　　Up to now, the number of high-quality song lists created by users on Netease Cloud Music has exceeded 200 million, with an average of 420,000 song lists created every day. This figure far exceeds the posts recommended by music on social platforms. Through the song list, users can find the music they listen to at work, the lullaby they listen to when they are insomnia, the unpopular music they can’t miss, and even the background music of PPT. Not only has it solved the pain points of users, but for Netease Cloud Music itself, the song list has become a "trump card" to maintain the stickiness of users.

　 　 　 　　Personalized recommendation is another initiative to solve the problem that users find good music, so Netease Cloud Music is also called a music player that "knows you better than your mother".

　 　 　 　　The great god in Zhihu has a professional explanation for the recommendation mechanism of Netease Cloud Music, which is mainly divided into two parts in algorithm, the recommendation of similar people and the recommendation of similar songs. As the name implies, similar songs mainly Tag songs in the music library, and push music with similar tags or the same tags according to users’ listening habits. The recommendation of similar people refers to modeling according to users’ listening habits, and screening out people with similar tastes. For example, A and B belong to the same kind of people, and the songs that A likes are probably the ones that B is willing to listen to.

　 　 　 　　Through song list and personalized recommendation, Netease Cloud Music has established a recommendation mechanism of "algorithm+labor +UGC", which not only satisfies the interest of users, but also ensures the quality of products.

　 　 　 　　There is a "story from Netease cloud music to the real world" circulating on the Internet. GalenCrew is a relatively small singer in both China and the United States, but his single Sleepyhead has tens of thousands of comments on Netease cloud music. Finally, Galen began to tour in China, and the venue was full.

2. Break the barriers of music sharing

　 　 　 　　Music sharing in the traditional sense is mostly word of mouth or shared on social networking platforms. After all, it is still the active sharing of users. Especially for minority music, many listeners have a mentality of "like it but don’t want it to be popular", and it is difficult for traditional sharing methods to break this boundary.

　 　 　 　　In essence, the song list and personalized recommendation on Netease Cloud Music also belong to the category of sharing. The song list was created spontaneously by users and found and collected by "music friends" with similar interests, among which there were many song lists with hundreds of thousands or even millions of listeners. According to the personalized recommendation of similar people, the sharing process was imperceptibly completed.

　 　 　 　　However, what Netease Cloud Music enjoys in sharing is the positioning and comment mechanism of the music community. The former meets the needs of users to share good music, so that good music can be shared with like-minded people, which is in line with the behavior habits of minority music lovers. Many listeners of minority music have their own circles. They recognize each other’s identity and values and enjoy the sense of security that this group gives them. And this kind of people in the hope of independence and eager to communicate, we strive to expand the small circle, while trying to control the small circle in the illusion of independence. Compared with popular social channels, Netease Cloud Music’s vertical socialization is just what it wants.

　 　 　 　　But music itself is also a commodity, and it is bound to be tagged. When we listen to songs, the background data of online music is constantly tagging us. The so-called niche only exists in data algorithms. This kind of label is a good thing for the promotion of minority music. Compared with the promotion for individuals, the label-oriented group has more advantages in both accuracy and cost. How to recommend minority music to more people’s ears according to this feature? Netease Cloud Music chose the comment mechanism.

　 　 　 　　The Indonesian song "Bila" has 25,000 comments on Netease Cloud Music, and the most praised comments are 46,000.

　 　 　 　　Yes, it’s a comment, not a grade. According to the rules of scoring, users score their favorite or disliked music, and then find out similar user groups on the difference of scoring. However, if there is a score, there will be a brush score, which will lead to irrational behavior of the user group and even cause the loss of users in a large area. In addition, letting users rate songs that have been listened to for a few minutes increases the cognitive cost of users, and it is also a kind of harm to music itself. Music has no advantages or disadvantages, only likes and dislikes.

　 　 　 　　Netease Cloud Music’s comment mechanism has achieved results. At present, it has generated 400 million comments, and users have generated 640,000 music comments every day. More than 50% of users have developed the habit of commenting while listening to songs. Compared with the digital rating, this kind of comment entrusts users with more emotional factors, such as excellent comments will be praised at the top. Moreover, music criticism itself is a kind of sharing, and it is a way for users to express their love for works. Even some relatively unpopular music still gets tens of thousands of comments.

　 　 　 　　Almost all fields are looking for explosions, such as e-commerce, IP, and even music. But distributing pop music to more people is an ability to bring more fans to minority music or unpopular songs. This is feelings.

Source: China Network