Everyone, the country will make a heavy plan, which is related to your life.

  CCTV News:Li Ganjie, Minister of Environmental Protection, said at the 2018 National Environmental Protection Work Conference, which closed yesterday, that the country will formulate a three-year operational plan to win the blue sky defense war, so as to ensure greater achievements in air pollution control in 2020. Up to now, the control effect of air pollution in winter is good, which has contributed to the control of loose coal and "scattered pollution" enterprises. In 2018, more coal to gas and coal to electricity will be completed in the northern region.

  China’s air pollution situation is still grim.

  Li Ganjie said that in the five years since the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan was issued and implemented, the first-stage national air quality improvement goal has been fully achieved. But overall, China’s air pollution situation is still grim.

  In 2018, the state will formulate a three-year battle plan to win the blue sky defense war. The key areas will be Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta and the Fenwei Plain. It will speed up the adjustment of industrial structure, energy structure and transportation structure, and pay close attention to the heavy pollution weather in autumn and winter. By 2018, the average concentration of cities at or above the prefecture level where PM2.5 is not up to standard will decrease by 2% year-on-year. In 2020, the proportion of excellent days in cities at or above the prefecture level will reach 80%.

  In order to achieve the goal, the Ministry of Environmental Protection will improve the environmental supervision system, continue to promote the reform of the vertical management system of environmental protection institutions below the provincial level, and effectively transmit the pressure and responsibility of environmental governance.

  In 2017, coal changed to gas, which caused some areas not to heat on time.

  Li Ganjie said that up to now, the control effect of air pollution in winter is good, and the control of loose coal and "scattered pollution" enterprises has contributed greatly. This year, the Ministry of Environmental Protection will continue to promote the clean heating project in the northern region and actively ensure that the people involved are not frozen.

  According to reports, in 2017, a total of 5.78 million households were converted from coal to gas and coal to electricity, of which 3.94 million households were completed in 28 cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas. To promote the transformation of clean energy, the guarantee of gas source and power supply is the foundation. In 2017, in the process of promoting renovation in some areas, there were problems in the overall planning of gas source and power supply and price management, which caused some areas to be unable to heat on time, and the impact was relatively bad.

  "We sent 2,367 people and spent 6 days in 25,220 villages in 28 cities, and went to the village to check. From the beginning of heating to the present,More than 1,200 villages were affected., give people a very bad impression, in this sense, it is no small matter. "

  — — Minister of Environmental Protection Li Ganjie

  The substitution of loose coal will continue to ensure that people stay warm for the winter.

  In 2018, the clean energy transformation in the northern region is expected to complete 4 million coal-to-gas and coal-to-electricity conversion, accelerate the elimination of small coal-fired boilers with 10 tons or less, and comprehensively start the elimination of coal-fired boilers with 35 tons or less in urban built-up areas, and ensure that people stay warm for the winter as a prerequisite for promoting the transformation.

  Li Ganjie said that overall, the gas source is sufficient, and it can completely protect the people. As long as you receive a report, you will send someone to make sure that the people don’t get cold.

  Will carry out the first round of rectification of central environmental protection inspectors "looking back"

  By the end of 2017, China has completed the full coverage of central environmental protection inspectors in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), accepted more than 135,000 complaints from the masses, and promoted the resolution of more than 80,000 environmental problems around the masses. Li Ganjie said that he would continue to carry out various special inspectors and promote the institutionalization of environmental protection inspectors.

  "We won’t have comprehensive inspectors this year, but special mobile inspectors are very necessary for key areas, key industries, and even some key departments and units. It is planned to carry out special inspections in "2+26" cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas. "

  — — Minister of Environmental Protection Li Ganjie

  According to reports,This year, the Ministry of Environmental Protection will "look back" on the first round of rectification of central environmental protection inspectors.In view of the key areas of the battle against pollution,Organize and carry out mobile and acupoint-type special inspectors.We will comprehensively carry out provincial-level environmental protection inspectors, basically achieve full coverage of municipal-level city inspectors, and promote the improvement and institutionalization of environmental protection inspectors.

Dragon Boat Festival, everything you want to know is here!

erect

noon

festival

sun

safe

healthy

Zongqing Dragon Boat Festival

"Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival. The end, the beginning. " The records in the local customs of the Western Jin Dynasty may be the earliest source of the word "Dragon Boat Festival". However, as a traditional festival, the Dragon Boat Festival began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and has existed for more than 2,000 years. It is the first festival in China that ranks among the world’s "non-legacy".

The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival

The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival has its own origins, including Qu Yuan’s theory, Wu Zixu’s theory, Cao E’s theory, wuyue’s national totem festival, etc., but Qu Yuan’s theory is the most recognized.

Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The Chinese character "Duan" means "initial", which is the beginning of midsummer and midsummer. According to the calendar, May is the "noon month", so it is called "Dragon Boat Festival".

Dragon Boat Festival, also known as "Duanyang Festival, Chung Wu Festival, May Festival, Daughter’s Day and Poet’s Day", is the festival with the most names among all traditional festivals in China.

Dragon Boat Festival custom

eat Zongzi

Zongzi, as the representative food of the Dragon Boat Festival, is said to be thrown into the river to prevent fish and shrimp from biting Qu Yuan’s body. Second, it is because the edges and corners of zongzi are like a knife, which can eradicate diseases and disasters.

Draw a forehead

The custom of daubing children’s foreheads with realgar during the Dragon Boat Festival can ward off poisonous insects. The typical method is to draw the word "Wang" on children’s forehead with realgar, one to drive away poison, and the other to suppress evil by tiger ("Wang" is like a tiger’s forehead, and the tiger is the king of beasts).

Daixiangnang

Wearing sachets is quite particular. In order to prevent diseases and keep fit, the elderly generally like to wear peaches, apples, dolls holding cocks and other shapes, symbolizing all the best and family harmony. Children like birds and animals. Young people, if they are lovers in love, the affectionate girl should carefully make chic sachets long ago and give them to her lover before the festival.

Artemisia argyi

"Qingming inserts willows, Dragon Boat Festival inserts Ai." Legend has it that in ancient times, the fairy and the water monster agreed that no one should offend anyone who hangs wormwood and calamus in front of the door, so people like to pick and hang wormwood on the Dragon Boat Festival. Intended to dispel demons and defend the family.

Drink realgar

"The Chronicle of Jingchu’s Years Old" says: "Use calamus, carving or scraps, and use cold wine." Pu wine is fragrant and refreshing. Later, realgar and cinnabar were added to the wine. This custom is widely circulated.

dragon boat race

Qu Yuan threw himself into the river with hatred, and the people of Chu were reluctant to let Qu Yuan, a worthy minister, die, so many people rowed to catch up and save, which was the origin of the dragon boat race. Therefore, dragon boat racing has become one of the most traditional customs of the Dragon Boat Festival.

Dragon Boat Festival in Tang Poetry and Song Poetry

Dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine …

In fact, among many characteristic folk customs,

Full of feelings and interests.

Let’s taste it together today

Tang Poetry and Song Poetry Related to Dragon Boat Festival

DUAN WU

Dragon Boat Festival

Wen Xiu [Tang]

The festival is divided into the Dragon Boat Festival,

It has been rumored for ages that Qu Yuan.

Laughing at the emptiness of the Chu River,

You can’t wash it straight.

Appreciation: One saying about the origin of Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Qu Yuan. The poet lamented the injustice suffered by Qu Yuan as a loyal courtier.

Jingdu poem

Lu Zhao

Shixi has been thinking about the Dragon Boat Festival for a long time.

Look at the transmitter in front of the inn building.

Thunder is faint when the drum is moving,

The snow is slight at the head of the beast.

Rushing waves stand out from the crowd,

Jump the waves and fight for the birds to fly back.

Kong Lung didn’t believe me,

Sure enough, I won the championship.

Appreciation: "Race Crossing" is the predecessor of the current dragon boat race. In order to measure the outcome of the race, the Tang people created a "championship" competition system, which means that when the dragon boat reaches the end, the winner is judged by grabbing the buoy, and the winner is the winner. Drums are beating, ships are flying in unison, scrambling, scaring waterfowl flying around, just to win the championship.

Yujiaao

Ouyang Xiu

In May, the pomegranate blossoms are enchanting and dry, the green poplars are raining and heavy, and the five-color new silk is wrapped around the horns. The golden plate is sent, and the double phoenix is painted on the fan plate.

It is the time to bathe in orchids, and the calamus wine is beautiful and respectful, and the leaves are yellow. I’m still worried, and I can’t wait to break the dream of screen window.

Appreciation: In May, pomegranate flowers are bright and red, standing silently in the green rain, zongzi wrapped in silk thread is placed in a golden plate, and the fans are painted with double phoenixes. It is the Dragon Boat Festival, bathing in orchid soup and drinking calamus wine, and the sound of orioles among the leaves awakens a good dream in the hazy sky.

Dragon Boat Festival is an event.

Wen Tianxiang [Song]

May 5 is the dragon boat festival, you gave me a wormwood.

The dead can not see, the new friends are in the distance.

Those who can be loyal to the country in the past, are now grey – headed.

I want to get hope from qu yuan, Hunan is far apart.

Appreciation: On the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th, you gave me a wormwood. Old friends can’t see that new friends are thousands of miles away. Those who used to be loyal to their country are now white-haired. Although Sanxiang is far away from here, it still wants to get comfort and strength from Qu Yuan.

A wisp of zongzi is fragrant everywhere.

Be passionate and dedicated.

"Zongzi" is full of affection and training is in full swing.

Look at the officers and men of armed police

Practice building skills in summer

Jing Wu Qiang neng Hu wan Jia

(Content source: Xinhua News Agency, People’s Daily, China Education News; Posters: Geng Yanqing, Zheng Yuepeng, Chen Yuxin, Zheng Wentai, Shan Jie)

The authoritative release of the theater indicates the source.

Source | central horn

No. | No.1303

Supervision system | Zhao Guotao

Editor | Yang Danpu

Editor | Zhao Jianhua

Original title: Dragon Boat Festival, everything you want to know is here! 》

Read the original text

Discussion on the concept of network rumors under legal regulation

The proliferation of online rumors needs to be regulated, but before regulation, it is necessary for us to clarify the meaning of online rumors, which will help us to clarify individual crimes and more clearly divide and improve the accusation system. In the era of information network, network rumors contain false information, but they cannot be equated with false information; The spread of rumors can be used as a means of slander, but it cannot be equated with the crime of libel itself.

The phenomenon of rampant network rumors has aroused widespread concern and discussion in the judicial and academic circles. Strengthening the control of online speech and perfecting relevant legislation have become the hot spots at present. In the construction and induction of many accusation systems, many people regard the involvement of information network in traditional accusations as network rumor-making behavior. For example, when discussing and studying the accusation system of network rumor regulation, online libel, insult and other behaviors are also included, and some people directly equate the crime of fabricating and spreading false information with the crime of network rumor. This will lead to the trend that the network rumor accusation system will evolve into a new type of "pocket crime" under the current situation that information network has become an inseparable part of citizens’ lives. In fact, the concept of "rumor" itself is not really unified in the domestic context, and even "network rumor" can only summarize some characteristics. Therefore, clarifying its concept in the legal sense plays a very important role in clarifying the system of charges.

The understanding of "rumors" abroad is relatively unified, that is, rumors are essentially information with "doubtful facts". In Webster’s English Dictionary, "rumor" is defined as a kind of gossip, rumor or public opinion that lacks real basis or is unconfirmed, and it is difficult for the public to distinguish authenticity for a while. Foreign scholars believe that rumors are unsubstantiated and unconfirmed information, that is, "the facts are in doubt". As far as the current research situation of sociology and communication in China is concerned, there are roughly three views on the definition of online rumors:

First, the media said. That is to say, it is believed that online rumors are rumors spread on the Internet. Using "rumor" to explain "network rumor" is only that the information network has intervened in the spread mode of rumors, and the expression form has changed, and there is no essential difference. For example, "a rumor is defined as news that has no factual basis. Internet rumors, as the name implies, are rumors generated or spread through the computer internet. "

Second, the theory of law and politics. Taking the field of political research as the breakthrough point, researchers of related majors explain the "rumors". Explaining "network rumors" from the professional perspective of law and politics enriches the concept of rumors. This kind of identification does not emphasize the essential difference between rumors and online rumors, but endows rumors and online rumors with characteristics in the professional field, which has certain reference function in the professional field.

Third, comprehensively. This explanation method focuses on "network" and "rumor" at the same time, which can make the concept more comprehensive and complete, not only emphasizes the influence of information network media on rumors, but also affirms the essence of rumors as a social phenomenon.

It is generally believed that "network rumors" are just as false network information as a scourge. We seem to think that "rumor" itself is derogatory and holds a negative attitude, but we often ignore the other side of rumors: although some online rumors were questioned at the beginning, the facts and results that happened later confirmed that online rumors were not false, but indeed true. Then, in the conventional view, most of them ignore the authenticity components contained in the information conveyed by online rumors, and the final verification results of online rumors are often ignored. Then, we can’t simply define network rumors as false network information, because the authenticity of network rumors is uncertain in the final state: it may be true or false. Based on the above definitions of rumors, this paper holds that the so-called "network rumors" are unconfirmed statements or interpretations of things, events or problems that are of interest to the public spread by information network media. In view of the fact that some "rumors" that are finally proved to be true have not caused serious harm in practice, and they have no serious social harm in essence, which is essentially different from false information.

Article 105 of the Criminal Law also recognizes that "spreading rumors" and "slandering" may both be crimes of subversion of state power and incitement to subversion of state power. Article 246 of the Criminal Law defines the crimes of "insult" and "libel". "Whoever publicly insults others by violence or other means or fabricates facts to slander others, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights. The crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be dealt with only if they are told, except those that seriously endanger social order and national interests. "

In Article 105 of the Criminal Law, the juxtaposition of "rumor" and "slander" shows that they are similar in behavior and can be converted to each other under certain circumstances. But "spreading rumors" and "slandering" can be clearly distinguished:

First of all, from the perspective of criminal objects, the objects infringed by network rumors are social management order and national security. The object of libel is the personal dignity and reputation of others.

Secondly, from the point of view of the criminal object, the object of network rumor is the country and society, but the criminal object of libel is the natural person.

Finally, from the procedural point of view, public prosecution is generally applicable to online rumors, while private prosecution is applicable to libel crimes, and public prosecution is applicable in specific circumstances.

Network rumors and network slander may also be transformed into each other. When the object of slander is the state power and socialist system, "slander" can be transformed into "rumor". At the same time, when fabricating facts on the information network to slander others and seriously endangering the social management order and national security, slander is applicable to public prosecution. At this time, online slander is equivalent to online rumor to a certain extent. Therefore, the condition for equating "libel" with "spreading rumors" is that when libel seriously endangers social management order and national security. The crime of libel targets at the personal dignity and reputation of natural persons. If libel infringes on a natural person who can represent the national image, or infringes on the reputation of a natural person, it actually infringes on the state power, socialist system or affects social order and national interests, libel is equivalent to spreading rumors. (He Xinglin, Central South University Law School)

Cross-border e-commerce "accelerated running" opens up a new channel for enterprises to go to sea

  Home appliances and digital products made in China swept the Korean market; China’s cross-border e-commerce platform has further emerged in Europe and America; Yiwu Christmas products, warm products and other commodities have exploded … … In the just-concluded "Black Friday" shopping week, a Chinese style once again blew up in overseas markets.

In land port, Ganzhou, Nankang District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, cross-border e-commerce sellers are broadcasting live. People's Daily Online Zhu Haipeng photo

 In land port, Ganzhou, Nankang District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, cross-border e-commerce sellers are broadcasting live. People’s Daily Online Zhu Haipeng photo

  Strong policies and emboldened enterprises make cross-border e-commerce a new force to promote the growth of China’s foreign trade and accelerate enterprises’ going out to sea.

  Customs data show that in the first three quarters of this year, China’s cross-border e-commerce import and export was 1.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 14.4%; Among them, exports reached 1.3 trillion yuan, up by 17.7%.

  "Fast" is a distinctive feature of cross-border e-commerce development in China. According to data from the Ministry of Commerce, the scale of cross-border e-commerce in China has increased nearly 10 times in the past five years. National policy support, speeding up logistics customs clearance and accelerating the layout of e-commerce platforms have promoted the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce and become a new bright spot in foreign trade growth.

  The rapid development of cross-border e-commerce in China is inseparable from policy support. Since the word "cross-border electronic commerce" first appeared in the government work report in 2014, cross-border e-commerce has been written into the government work report for 10 consecutive years. From the central government to the local government, a series of support policies have been introduced, which have continuously injected momentum into the development of cross-border e-commerce.

  Since the beginning of this year, Shanghai has put forward 18 key tasks such as implementing the action plan of "going to the sea for excellent products" and improving the public service level of cross-border e-commerce; Shandong proposed to strive to build 20 cross-border e-commerce characteristic industrial belts by 2025; Jiangsu proposes that by 2025, more than 120 cross-border e-commerce industrial parks will be built, and more than 600 cross-border e-commerce enterprises with leading industries and strong international competitiveness will be cultivated … …

  Zhu Keli, the founding dean of the National Research Institute for New Economics, said: "By supporting the development of cross-border e-commerce, all localities have tapped the potential of economic growth, which has provided important support for promoting the stable scale of foreign trade, promoting innovation and increasing kinetic energy."

  Speeding up logistics customs clearance and continuous improvement of supporting services are major foundations for promoting the release of the advantages and potential of cross-border e-commerce in China.

  At 8 pm on November 4, the world’s first live broadcast of cross-border logistics came to an end. A commodity sent from China can be delivered to consumers thousands of miles away in just five days. From the original 60-day delivery to the 10-day delivery, and now to the 5-day delivery, the timeliness of cross-border e-commerce logistics has continuously refreshed the "fastest" record.

  Online shopping bonded import, direct purchase import, special area export and cross-border e-commerce export overseas warehouse … … In recent years, the relevant departments have introduced nearly 200 innovative measures, accelerated the comprehensive reform of the comprehensive bonded zone, and constantly promoted the all-round acceleration of cross-border e-commerce in China. Up to now, China has signed memorandums of bilateral e-commerce cooperation with 29 countries, with more than 1,500 overseas warehouses of cross-border e-commerce with a total area of over 19 million square meters.

  According to the World Bank’s logistics performance data, China’s logistics performance index ranked 19th in the world in 2022; International shipping ranks 14th. Specific to the customs clearance time, in 2022, the overall customs clearance time for imported and exported goods nationwide was 32.02 hours and 1.03 hours respectively, which was 67.1% and 91.6% shorter than that in 2017; It is about 16 hours faster than the 48-hour customs clearance time stipulated by CPTPP.

  The rapid development of cross-border e-commerce platforms is helping enterprises accelerate the overseas market of "Nuggets".

  The reporter learned that since the beginning of this year, Ali, Pinduoduo, JD.COM, ByteDance and other e-commerce platforms have continuously increased their cross-border e-commerce business. Ali launched the foreign trade AI product "business assistant", Pinduoduo’s Temu launched the "full custody" model, and Jingdong Logistics accelerated its layout in the international supply chain field … … These diversified cross-border businesses have continuously opened up new space for the development of cross-border e-commerce, and at the same time, they have become a "new channel" for many small and medium-sized enterprises to accelerate their going out to sea.

  "We export more than 400,000 parcels every day, and the average daily cargo weighs about 600 tons." The person in charge of Pinduoduo’s overseas cross-border platform Duoduo Cross-border told reporters that by the end of the third quarter, Duoduo Cross-border had penetrated into more than 100 manufacturing industrial belts in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui and other places, and promoted high-quality manufacturing products to more than 40 countries and regions in North America, Australia, Europe, Asia and other places, helping more than 10,000 China factories successfully go to sea.

  Cross-border e-commerce has greatly lowered the threshold of international trade specialization, making a large number of small and micro-subjects become operators of new trade. According to the data of the Ministry of Commerce, at present, the number of cross-border e-commerce entities in China has exceeded 100,000, and the number of independent stations has exceeded 200,000. The proportion of import and export of cross-border e-commerce goods in foreign trade has increased from less than 1% five years ago to about 5% at present.

  Li Mingtao, chief e-commerce expert of China International E-commerce Center of the Ministry of Commerce, said that the cross-border e-commerce platform has provided a brand-new commercial infrastructure for enterprises going to sea. "The global channel we have built strongly supports the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce in marketing, logistics and other services."

Consumer confidence picks up. In 2023, the China consumer market pressed the "fast forward button"

  CCTV News:Riverside plumbing, the store took the lead in sensing the temperature of China economy. As a lamp lights up, the capillaries of urban economy are reconnected. Every order, every customer, and every business in ordinary life illuminate the confidence of the consumer market in China.

  Reporter Meng Xiabing:There are thousands of lights, and there is always a light for you. In 2022, durable consumer goods lit a consumption indicator at home. Last year, people pursued health more, starting with breathing healthy air. As a representative of health, fresh air conditioning is far ahead in the air conditioning market with a retail sales of 6.25 billion yuan. Then there is the pursuit of satisfaction, which comes from larger appliances. There is more and more inventory at home. Is it necessary to change a bigger refrigerator? The sales volume of large-capacity refrigerators with a capacity of more than 500 liters has accounted for more than 43.8% of the overall market share. What attracts you to change the TV at home? That’s a bigger TV. In 2022, the sales volume of large-screen TVs over 75 inches was 6.546 million units, up 80.1% year-on-year. In recent years, the demand for liberating hands has not changed, and the protagonist is it. Let’s go to work! In addition to automatic cleaning, the current sweeping robot also has the functions of automatic cleaning and automatic dust collection. This highly intelligent upgrade has increased its market share to 45.1%.

  These upgraded products that accurately attack consumer demand have gained an increase in the home appliance market. In 2022, the sales of household appliances exceeding 700 billion yuan showed that residents’ consumption power improved and consumer confidence picked up.

  What makes people willing to spend money is not only the electrical appliances around them, but also the distant scenery. Welcome to Badaling Great Wall at night. This is the first time that it is open for night tour in winter. Waiting for the first sunshine of the new year on the Millennium ancient wall attracted tens of thousands of tourists to punch in. During the Spring Festival holiday, there are 243 cultural tourism consumption gathering areas all lit up at night, attracting 52.122 million tourists. This is a microcosm of the national tourism market. During the Spring Festival, 308 million people chose to travel, contributing 375.843 billion yuan to domestic tourism revenue, up 30% year-on-year.

  In the beginning of 2023, the strong recovery of the tourism market led to a rapid recovery of consumption. This is a consumption heat map of urban business circle gathered by us according to consumers’ payment information. In January this year, ten business districts in Hangzhou, Changsha, Chongqing, Xiamen and Nanjing occupied the top ten in the list of consumption growth rate of business districts. There are still many cities whose "thermal values" are always online. The cities that continue to light up now are Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing and Guangzhou, which are international consumption center cities under cultivation. Commodity resources from all over the world and the freshest consumption scenes have turned these cities into the lights of China’s consumer market.

  The little lights converge into a consumption boom, which is transformed into the surging power of economic development. In 2023, the China consumer market will press the "fast forward button".

China’s wisdom in the diplomacy of the supreme leader’s great powers.

An old saying from Zhouyi tells the profound truth that grasping the opportunity and advancing with the times can help each other.

President Xi often said: "The development of China cannot be separated from the world, and the prosperity of the world also needs China." It also embodies the open mind of "stand up for yourself, stand up for yourself, and reach for others".

At one time, every country along the "Belt and Road" was faced with the same multiple-choice question: Is the "Belt and Road" to participate in it or stay out of it, shake hands with precious historical opportunities or turn a blind eye?

For many countries, the answer is clear. Choosing cooperation is also choosing foresight and choosing the future.

This year’s second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum, 39 foreign leaders, 150 countries, 92 international organizations and more than 6,000 foreign guests & HELIP; … Compared with the first forum, the change lies not only in the increase of numbers.

The "One Belt, One Road", with its rapid progress, has once again proved by practice that "the development of China is not an isolated development, ‘ Belt and Road ’ It is to achieve mutually beneficial and win-win development with all countries in the world willing to cooperate with us, and finally realize the harmonious symbiosis of mankind. "

Welcome guests from all over the world, and make the world better. In the colorful late autumn of 2019, guests and friends from all over the world gathered on the Huangpu River, and the second China International Import Expo made the attending enterprises take advantage of it and return with satisfaction.

Facing the guests and friends from all over the world, the Supreme Leader once again expressed China’s full sincerity in walking hand in hand with the world: "If the world is good, China can be good; China is good, and the world is better. "

"The southeast is victorious, the city of Sanwu, and Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times." Three years ago, at the G20 "China Time", the top leaders used China’s wisdom to "solve problems" in the keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the G20 Business Summit.

An old saying leads to the dialectics of "Xiao Zhi" and "great wisdom", which is thought-provoking.

Facing the complicated world situation, what positive role does China play in the reform of global governance system? What kind of wisdom will you grasp the general trend?

"A little wisdom seeks a child, a wise bureau, and a great wisdom seeks a situation." From the Beijing APEC Leaders’ Informal Meeting to the G20 Leaders’ Hangzhou Summit, from the BRICS leaders’ meeting in Xiamen to the SCO summit in Qingdao, from the Belt and Road International Cooperation Summit Forum to the China International Import Expo … … In a series of major home events, the Supreme Leader guided China to actively participate in global governance with great wisdom.

Cut the pulse of history and see the world.

In 2019, the China-France Global Governance Forum was given high hopes by President Macron to "jointly define a new international order".

At the forum, the top leaders clearly pointed out the four major challenges faced by the international community: governance deficit, trust deficit, peace deficit and development deficit, and put forward four concepts that need to be upheld to solve these four major deficits: fairness and rationality, mutual understanding, mutual help and mutual benefit.

"All countries should have the spirit of taking the world as their own responsibility, actively act as activists and not wait and see, and work together to take the future and destiny of mankind into their own hands." At the closing ceremony, President Xi called on hit the floor.

From actively promoting the political settlement of the Korean Peninsula issue, to maintaining the comprehensive Iranian nuclear agreement, and then to promoting the political settlement process of Afghanistan, Syria, Palestine and Israel & HELIP; … China has always firmly upheld the international system with the United Nations at the core and based on international law, always stood firmly on the side of international law and international morality, and acted as an "activist" in safeguarding international fairness and justice.

Cheng Guichao, the blind messenger in the 196th issue: Illuminating the road with love.

He is not a postman, but he can deliver letters to the villagers in time, and all kinds of letters he handles are without mistakes; He leaned against a bamboo pole and measured every street and corner with his feet. He was bent on doing something for the village. He is not rich in life, but he helps others without expecting anything in return. He is blind and the world is "black" to him, but he not only illuminates himself with light, but also benefits others. He warmed and touched the surrounding villagers with ordinary actions. He is Cheng Guichao of South Shi Qiaocun in Junan Economic Development Zone, and he is called "a living map" by the villagers.


When Cheng Guichao was two years old, he lost his sight because of measles fever. Although he can’t see with his eyes, he always wants to do something that can help others. "If you want to be disabled, you must do something." In the countryside in 1972, due to the scattered population and irregular life, it was difficult for the postman to deliver letters, newspapers and periodicals to the masses one by one, and they were often handed over to the village Committee for distribution on a village basis. In the village, there are no expenses in this respect, and there are no full-time messenger staff. Basically, the villagers take them away when they come to the village to do things, which can not guarantee the timeliness, let alone safety.


When Cheng Guichao was 16 years old, when he was playing in the village committee compound, he saw that all the letters sent by the post office were placed in the village committee office. If the villagers didn’t collect them in time, it would sometimes delay things. Therefore, he proposed to the village to "volunteer to help the villagers send the letters home". Many people think it’s a chore to deliver letters, and they have to run around without saying anything about it. For ordinary people, delivering letters requires not only hard work, but also flexible eyes. As a blind messenger, Cheng Guichao has many difficulties in delivering letters.


At the beginning of delivering letters, Cheng Guichao often fell down, hit the wall, fell into the river, and was scratched by branches. Sometimes, sending a letter would make him covered in scars. Later, Cheng Guichao mastered the law. Every time he went out to deliver a letter, he silently remembered the road he had traveled. The corners of the village, as big as a room and as small as a tree, were "measured" by him over and over again.


After a long time, an invisible "map" was formed in his brain. Wherever there are potholes and steep slopes, he can "see" with the memory of his brain. In this way, Cheng Guichao’s delivery speed is much faster, and the chance of injury is also reduced a lot. Sometimes, he can tell exactly which family this is by touching the knocker on the gate. Cheng Guichao proved to people with his own actions that nothing is difficult in the world, and nothing is impossible to a willing mind.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.

        When everyone is advocating the full screen, some people still like the traditional screen, exquisite appearance and perfect feel. In the price range of 2,000 yuan, there are two models, and these two phones can meet the needs of many people in terms of performance and appearance. Today, let’s compare these two mobile phones and see which one is more suitable for you.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Small contrast glory 9

        The small 4+64GB version costs 2299 yuan, the 6+64GB version costs 2499 yuan, and the 6+128GB version costs 2699 yuan; Glory 9 full netcom 4+64GB version 2299 yuan, 6+64GB version 2699 yuan, 6GB+128GB version snapping price 2799 yuan. As you can see, the price difference between these two mobile phones is not more than that of 200 yuan. In today’s non-full screen market, if you want to choose such a moderately priced flagship machine, you really have to look at these two.

Appearance: the overall design is similar, look for differences.

        Let’s take a look at the appearance of these two mobile phones. Xiaomi 6 and Glory 9 also adopt a more rounded design, and their screen ratios are similar. All adopt frontal fingerprint recognition.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Comparison between the foreheads of Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6

        Both mobile phones put the front camera on the left side of the handset. The opening of the handset of Glory 9 is longer than that of Xiaomi 6. Because Xiaomi 6 uses the black treatment of the front panel, many sensors are covered, and the forehead length of the two mobile phones is similar.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Comparison of Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6Home Keys

        Both phones have an unpressurized Home button, and there are hidden back buttons and multitasking buttons on both sides. The Home button of Glory 9 is more slender than that of Xiaomi 6. From the feel of both, the Home button of Xiaomi 6 is deeper and the Home button of Glory 9 is shallower.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Comparison of Right Keys between Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6

        Judging from the right buttons of the two mobile phones, the design is very similar, both of which are volume addition and subtraction and power button. The author measured that the buttons of Glory 9 are tougher and the feedback is clearer, while the buttons of Xiaomi 6 are softer and shorter. In terms of antenna design, the antenna of Xiaomi 6 is lower, but the antennas of the two mobile phones are adapted to the color of the fuselage accordingly.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Comparison of left design between glory 9 and Xiaomi 6

        The left sides of the two mobile phones are similar in design, both of which are dual SIM card slots. The slight difference is that Xiaomi’s card slot jack is on the mobile phone, while Glory 9 jack is on the card slot. In addition, there are no other designs on the left side of these two phones.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Top comparison between glory 9 and Xiaomi 6

        The top designs of these two mobile phones are also very similar, both of which are an infrared module and a noise-reducing microphone, and there are no other openings.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Comparison between the bottom of glory 9 and Xiaomi 6 fuselage

        Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6 both use USB Type-C interface. Glory 9 retains 3.5mm headphone jack, while Xiaomi 6 directly cancels headphone jack, which makes Glory 9 more conscientious.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Comparison of details on the back of glory 9 and Xiaomi 6 fuselage

        Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6 both adopt rear dual camera, but the schemes adopted by them are different. Glory 9 adopts color+black and white scheme, while Xiaomi 6 adopts wide angle+telephoto scheme. From the appearance, Glory 9 has a better look and feel, because it hides the camera under the glass of the whole back plate, while Xiaomi 6 has two holes in the glass back cover, so you can touch the sense of separation between the camera and the glass back plate by hand.

        In a word, the two mobile phones seem to have little difference in appearance, the same curved glass design and the same 5.11080P screen, but the experience of getting started is slightly different. You can feel that Xiaomi 6 is slightly heavy, and you can see from the weight parameters that Xiaomi 6 weighs 168g, while Glory 9 is 155g.

Performance: It is the flagship level of all platforms.

        Equipped with Qualcomm Xiaolong 835 mobile platform,Xiaolong 835 is the industry’s first mobile platform using commercial 10nm process technology and independent Kryo architecture. The 10nm process can reduce chip area by 35% and power consumption by 25% compared with the previous generation. The independent Kryo 280 architecture in Xiaolong 835, with Adreno 540 as GPU, has improved performance by 25%, display color by 60 times and efficiency by 40% compared with the previous generation.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Xiaolong 835 mobile platform

        While the Kirin 960 processor is adopted.Kirin 960 is the top chip launched by hisilicon last October. Kirin 960 is equipped with ARM Cortex-A73 CPU core for the first time, and the small core is A53, which constitutes a big.LITTLE combination of four big and four small, and the GPU is Mali G71 MP8. Compared with the previous generation, the CPU energy efficiency is improved by 15%. Although Kirin 970 has been released, Kirin 960 is still very eye-catching in performance.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Kirin 960 processor

        Let’s take a look at the running scores of the two models.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Geekbench 4 running points

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
6.3.3 Running points

        From the running score, the two processors have their own advantages and disadvantages. It can be said that the performance of these two mobile phones is the level of the first echelon in the mobile phone market today. There is no pressure to deal with daily tasks, even running large games. Let’s take a look at the endurance of these two mobile phones.

Endurance: Xiaomi charges quickly, glory lasts long.

        It is equipped with a 3200mAh battery and a 9V/2A charger, while a 3350mAh battery is used.Support Quick Charge 4.0 fast charging technology.

        We conducted a 30-minute charging test and a 5-hour battery life test on these two models, respectively, to simulate the daily use of mobile phones by ordinary users.

* The test process is divided into eight items, namely photo test (30 minutes), test (60 minutes), social test (30 minutes), instant messaging (30 minutes), web browsing (30 minutes), game test (60 minutes), online music (30 minutes) and e-book (30 minutes). During the test, the mobile phone turned on WiFi all the time, the screen brightness was set to 270cd/m2, and the external playback volume was moderate. The default effect mode of the system was used, and the background was cleaned after each item was tested. The power of the mobile phone was 100% before the test, and the card was not inserted during the test.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
30-minute charging test

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
5-hour endurance test

        It can be seen that the small charging speed is very fast, and it can charge 50% of the electricity in half an hour, while glory only charges 36% of the electricity in 9 and a half hours. In the 5-hour battery life test session, Glory 9 has 34% of the remaining power and Xiaomi 6 has 40% of the remaining power. From the power consumption curve, Xiaomi 6′ s power consumption control ability is still poor in large-scale game sessions, even though Xiaomi 6 is equipped with a battery with a larger capacity, it is still slightly weaker than Glory 9 in terms of battery life.

System: each has its own characteristics and functions are comprehensive.

        In terms of system, the author has this MIUI 8.2 that came with him when he left the factory. Now he can update MIUI 9. From the experience, MIUI has strong functionality, almost all commonly used functions, but it is inevitable that some advertisements appear.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.

        However, MIUI 8.2 is still slightly bloated, and this problem has also been slightly improved in MIUI 9, and the problem of advertising has also been greatly reduced.

        Equipped with EMUI 5.1 system,As Huawei’s traditional UI, EMUI5.1 has implanted artificial intelligence into its smart personality. Self-learning system based on artificial intelligence, fine resource scheduling combining soft and hard and in-depth optimization of Android system components bring a good experience. The intelligence of EMUI5.1 lies in the use of intelligent touch position prediction algorithm to predict the user’s sliding trajectory and refresh the interface display in advance, which improves the response speed of touch operation by 10%.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.

        Every time I talk about the EMUI system, the author willI can’t help but want to talk about EMUI’s intelligent assistant system. You can intercept the full-screen or circled part by tapping the screen hard with your knuckles or drawing circles after tapping, showing black technology. In general, EMUI5.1 is very concise and flexible, and it is also handy to use.

Screen: the brightness is dominant but the color temperature is cold.

        Small and use 5.1 1080P screens.We choose to test in a completely black closed environment. The screen with DisplayTester Pro installed in it has the highest brightness adjustment, and the screen automatically sleeps when it is turned off. The L value of the white screen and the X, Y and L values of the three primary colors of red, green and blue are tested by Topcon BM7A brightness colorimeter respectively, and each value is tested three times, and the average value is taken. The results are automatically calculated by filling the above values into the table respectively.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Measured screen quality of Xiaomi 6

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.
Glory 9 screen quality measurement

        It can be seen that Xiaomi 6 has an advantage in screen brightness, reaching 585nits, but it is cold in screen color temperature. According to the screen color temperature of 6500K that Asians are most suitable for, Glory 9 is more suitable for our eyes, while in terms of color gamut, Glory 9 and Xiaomi 6 have similar performances, both of which are wide color gamut screens.

Photographing: the blurring ability is stronger.

        Glory 9 and both adopt dual cameras. Glory 9 is a 12-megapixel color+20-megapixel black-and-white solution, and the small one is a 12-megapixel wide-angle+telephoto solution. Let’s take a look at the real proofs of these two models.

Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.Buy Xiaomi 6 or Glory 9. There is no need to entangle after comparison.

Comparison of real shot proofs

        Judging from these groups of proofs, the overall brightness of Xiaomi 6′ s proofs is higher, but the noise control is slightly worse than that of Glory 9. In the macro proof of the last one, Glory 9 uses a color+black and white scheme, but the background blur ability is better, which is worthy of praise.

        Generally speaking, Xiaomi 6 and Glory 9 are both good choices at the price of 2,000 yuan. Although neither of these two mobile phones is equipped with a very popular full-screen recently, the design of the same curved body brings a good feel and exquisite appearance. If you have requirements on charging speed, then you can choose Xiaomi 6. If you care about more exquisite appearance, lighter feel, better battery life and stronger camera ability, then Glory 9 is your best choice.

Beijing announced the trajectory of new cases, involving Fengtai, Daxing, Chaoyang and Xicheng.

  On January 30th, at the 280th press conference of novel coronavirus epidemic prevention and control work, Pang Xinghuo, deputy director of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention and a member of the national novel coronavirus expert group, introduced that from 16: 00 on January 29th to 16: 00 on January 30th, there were 12 new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in this city, all of which were from control personnel. There are no new infections associated with the mutant epidemic in Omicron.

  Associated epidemic situation of Delta mutant:

  Infected person 91: I now live in Wanliuyuan Community, Yuquanying Street, Fengtai District, and work in the cold storage in the southwest suburb. On January 19, as a risk person, the nucleic acid test was negative. Home isolation was carried out on January 20, during which two nucleic acid tests were negative. The result of nucleic acid test was positive on January 28th, and it has been transferred to a designated hospital. Based on the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case on January 29th, and the clinical classification was common.

  Infected person 92: Now living in the dormitory of the cold storage in the southwest suburb of Fengtai District, and working in the cold storage in the southwest suburb. On January 20, he was isolated at home as a risk management personnel, and the results of five nucleic acid tests were negative. On January 25, it was transferred to the centralized isolation point, during which the results of three nucleic acid tests were negative. The result of nucleic acid test was positive on January 28th, and it has been transferred to a designated hospital. Based on the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case on January 29th, and the clinical classification was common.

  Infected person 93: Now living in the dormitory of the cold storage in the southwest suburb of Fengtai District, and working in the cold storage in the southwest suburb. On January 21, I was quarantined at home as a risk management officer, and the results of five nucleic acid tests were negative. On January 25, it was transferred to the centralized isolation point, during which the nucleic acid test result was negative. The result of nucleic acid test was positive on January 28th, and it has been transferred to a designated hospital. Based on the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case on January 29th, and the clinical classification was common.

  Infected person 94: Now living in the dormitory of the cold storage in the southwest suburb of Fengtai District, and working in the cold storage in the southwest suburb. On January 20, he was quarantined at home as a risk management personnel, during which the results of two nucleic acid tests were negative. On January 25, it was transferred to the centralized isolation point, during which the nucleic acid test result was negative. The result of nucleic acid test was positive on January 28th, and it has been transferred to a designated hospital. Based on the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case on January 29th, and the clinical classification was mild.

  Infected person 95: Now living in the dormitory of the cold storage in the southwest suburb of Fengtai District, and working in the cold storage in the southwest suburb. On January 20, he was quarantined at home as a risk management personnel, during which the nucleic acid test result was negative. On January 25, he was transferred to a centralized isolation point, during which the results of two nucleic acid tests were negative, and on January 28, the results of nucleic acid test were positive. He was transferred to a designated hospital, and was diagnosed as a confirmed case on January 29, combining the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, and the clinical classification was ordinary.

  Infected person 96: Now living in the dormitory of the cold storage in the southwest suburb of Fengtai District, and working in the cold storage in the southwest suburb. On January 20, he was quarantined at home as a risk management personnel, during which the results of two nucleic acid tests were negative. On January 25, it was transferred to the centralized isolation point, during which the nucleic acid test result was negative. Self-reported symptoms such as runny nose on January 26, positive for nucleic acid test on January 28, and transferred to a designated hospital. Based on the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, the case was diagnosed as a confirmed case on January 29, and the clinical classification was ordinary.

  Infected person 97: I now live in Yihai Garden Community, Xincun Street, Fengtai District, and my work place is the same as my current address. On January 22, as a risk management personnel, the nucleic acid was tested, and the results were negative twice. Self-reported symptoms such as runny nose on January 27, positive for nucleic acid test on January 29, and transferred to a designated hospital. Based on the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, the case was diagnosed as a confirmed case on January 30, and the clinical classification was mild.

  Infected person 98: I now live in Dongli Community, Jiaomen, Xiluoyuan Street, Fengtai District, and work in the cold storage in the southwest suburb. On January 20, he was isolated at home as a risk management personnel, and the results of four nucleic acid tests were negative. On January 25, it was transferred to the centralized isolation point, during which the nucleic acid results were negative twice. On January 29th, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was transferred to a designated hospital. Based on the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case on January 30th, and the clinical classification was mild.

  Infected person 99: I now live in the north area of Kangyi Jiayuan, Qingyuan Street, Daxing District, and work in the cold storage in the southwest suburb. On January 20, he was quarantined at home as a risk management personnel, during which the results of two nucleic acid tests were negative. On January 25, it was transferred to the centralized isolation point, during which the results of two nucleic acid tests were negative. The result of nucleic acid test was positive on January 28th, and it has been transferred to a designated hospital. Based on the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case on January 29th, and the clinical classification was common.

  Infected person 100: currently living in Anzhenli District 3, Anzhen Street, Chaoyang District. Because there are confirmed cases in the same community, on January 23, as a risk management personnel, the nucleic acid test was negative. He was quarantined at home on January 24, and reported that he developed symptoms such as cough on January 27. On January 28, the nucleic acid test result was positive, and he was transferred to a designated hospital. Based on the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, he was diagnosed as a confirmed case on January 29, and his clinical classification was ordinary.

  Infected person 101: currently living in Anzhenli District 3, Anzhen Street, Chaoyang District. Because there are confirmed cases in the same community, on January 23, as a risk management personnel, the nucleic acid test was negative. Home isolation was carried out on January 24, during which the nucleic acid test result was negative. On January 29th, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was transferred to a designated hospital. Based on the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case on January 30th, and the clinical classification was common.

  Infected person 102: I now live in No.1 Yard, Yaziqiao Road, Guanganmenwai Street, Xicheng District. On January 25, as a close contact of the confirmed case, he was transferred to the centralized isolation point, during which the results of four nucleic acid tests were negative. On January 29th, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was transferred to a designated hospital. Based on the results of epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, the case was diagnosed as a confirmed case that day, and the clinical classification was mild.

  At present, epidemiological investigation and close contact tracking have been carried out, the risk points involved have been investigated, and various risk personnel have been classified and controlled.

Application for the Project "Host Adaptation and Immune Intervention of Pathogens" of Chinese Academy of Sciences

China Academy of Sciences’ strategic pioneer science and technology class B special project "Host Adaptation and Immune Intervention of Pathogens" (hereinafter referred to as "special project") has been approved and will soon enter the implementation stage (2018-2022). 
 
With the core demand of "pathogen host adaptation and immune intervention", the project focuses on solving the following scientific problems. Clarify the source and transmission mechanism of pathogens of emerging infectious diseases such as influenza and SARS, and provide theoretical basis for early warning and forecasting of emerging infectious diseases; Clarify the drug resistance mechanism of drug-resistant pathogens such as tuberculosis and find new targets of pathogenic drugs; To clarify the mechanism of immune recognition and response, immune memory and organ damage caused by excessive immunity in the process of acute infection, and provide theoretical basis for vaccine development and clinical treatment; To clarify the mechanism of immune escape and immune exhaustion in the process of chronic infection, and provide theoretical basis for immunotherapy strategies; Based on the study of the interaction mechanism between acute and chronic infection and host, this paper puts forward new immune intervention strategies, and puts forward ideas and strategies for the long-standing world problems such as the design of AIDS vaccine and influenza universal vaccine. 
 
According to the special management regulations of strategic pilot science and technology of China Academy of Sciences, around the special objectives, the top-level design is adopted, and the implementation of special research tasks and team building are organized by combining key tasks with free bidding.  
 
I. Scope of application and research content  
 
According to the framework of the overall implementation plan of the special project and the regulations of the pilot project of China Academy of Sciences, there are five special projects, including: 1. Tracing the source of the virus, cross-species transmission and pathogenic mechanism; 2. Pathogenicity and drug resistance mechanism of pathogenic bacteria; 3. Pathogen immune response and immune escape; 4. New ideas and strategies of immune intervention; 5. New methods and technologies for infection and immunity research. Declare according to the bidding direction under the affiliated project, and the same research content cannot be declared repeatedly in different projects. 
 
Based on the above-mentioned projects, the special project aims at major scientific issues and sets up three special teams to jointly tackle key problems: universal influenza vaccine, immunotherapy based on NK cells, and early warning of emerging infectious diseases. Specially encourage and support the research group to participate in joint research, and participate in joint research teams to give priority to selected projects at the same level and give priority to raising the funding level. 
 
Project 1: To study the origin, cross-species transmission and pathogenic mechanism of the virus.
 
Targeting of this projectEarly warning, prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases"This frontier scientific problem, aiming at the internationally recognized scientific problems such as the complexity of viruses in nature, the diversity of transmission routes and pathogenic mechanisms, has been studied from three aspects: the molecular epidemiology of viruses, the cross-species transmission mechanism and the interaction between viruses and hosts, thus changing the passive response situation of emerging infectious diseases into active monitoring and early warning. Proposed for the followingthreeA key direction for bidding:
 
1. The origin, evolution and transmission mechanism of new pathogens: 
 
In view of the new outbreak of infectious virus, the virus and its variants carried by its natural hosts (birds, bats and rodents, etc.) and vector hosts (mosquitoes and ticks, etc.) were tracked to understand its temporal and spatial distribution and analyze its origin, evolution and variation in nature. For patients with unexplained diseases, as well as sick and healthy animals (including samples from China’s surrounding areas and the Belt and Road area), unknown pathogen detection and pathogen group research were carried out to explore and determine pathogens with potential risks of infecting people and animals. Including: virus traceability and new virus discovery, virus origin and evolution, virus spread and diffusion mechanism, etc. 
 
2. Molecular mechanism of virus cross-species infection and pathogenicity: 
 
Aiming at important new outbreaks and virulent viruses (influenza virus, Ebola virus, coronavirus, Marburg virus, arenavirus, etc.), the key molecules affecting their cross-species infection and their pathogenic mechanisms were analyzed by studying their ability to invade and replicate in different host cells. Including: virus invasion, virus replication and assembly, and infection model. 
 
3. Interaction mechanism between virus and host: 
 
For acute and chronic infected viruses, the interaction between pathogen and host (including natural host, vector host and human) was studied, the important host factors regulating virus infection and replication were analyzed, the molecular mechanism of the occurrence, development and prognosis of infectious diseases was clarified, and the basic research on the application of new antiviral means was carried out. Including: host factors and their mechanism of action, virus mutation and escape mechanism. 
 
Item 2: Pathogenicity and drug resistance mechanism of pathogenic bacteria
 
This project intends to systematically and deeply study the molecular mechanism of infection, pathogenicity, adaptation and regulation of host immune response, drug resistance and other important pathogens, as well as the interaction and regulation mechanism between pathogens, human microbiota and host. Committed to achieving breakthroughs in the study of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance mechanisms, and discovering potential new drug targets for pathogen diagnosis and treatment. Proposed for the followingthreeA key direction for bidding:
 
1. Systematic discovery and functional study of pathogenic factors of pathogenic bacteria; 
 
Systematically discover pathogenic factors of important pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and confirm their relationship with pathogenicity; Construct an interaction network of pathogenic factors of pathogenic bacteria and verify its function; To clarify the structural basis and function of key pathogenic factors of pathogenic bacteria. 
 
2. Study on the interaction mechanism between pathogen and host; 
 
Identification and confirmation of pathogenic factors (including secretory effector proteins and bacterial surface proteins) and host factors (including host limiting factors and susceptible factors) closely related to infection and pathogenicity of important pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Clarify the structural basis and biochemical mechanism of the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and host protein; To explore the regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of pathogenic factors on host signal pathway and cell function during infection; To study the influence of host factors and human microbiome on the infection and pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria and its molecular mechanism. 
 
3. Study on drug resistance mechanism of pathogenic bacteria: 
 
Identify and verify new genes related to drug resistance of important pathogens; Clarify the structural basis and function of drug resistance-related factors; Explore new mechanisms of drug resistance and develop new technologies for rapid detection of drug resistance.  
 
Item 3: Immune Recognition Activation and Immune Memory of Pathogens
 
In this project, the natural immune recognition receptor (intracellular) of virus is deeply studied/) and its immune signaling pathway, trying to find new receptors, new pathways and new mechanisms; Enhance toxicity to memory cellsTCell and memoryBThe study of the formation mechanism of cells has found the key immune molecules and regulatory pathways that can enhance the antiviral ability. Proposed for the followingthreeA key direction for bidding:
 
1. Immune recognition and regulation of pathogens: 
 
In-depth study of the virus’s natural immune recognition mechanism, and discovery of new receptors and new pathways of antiviral natural immunity; To study the regulatory effects of acquired immunity, metabolic system or nervous system on the natural immune response of anti-virus, and to reveal the prognosis mechanism of viral immune response. 
 
2. Immune escape and immune exhaustion of pathogens: 
 
Establish an international leading animal model of chronic virus infection; Describe the key cellular and molecular mechanisms of virus-induced immune tolerance/depletion; To verify the new card control points that mediate immune tolerance/exhaustion in major chronic virus diseases, and obtain the means and schemes to adjust the card control points. 
 
3. Immune damage and malignant transformation mechanism of pathogens: 
 
To compare the different pathological mechanisms of immune damage caused by acute and chronic virus infection; To compare the characteristics, common rules and intermodulation mechanism of tissues and organs caused by different pathogens; To find the effector cells and key molecules that block the persistent infection of pathogens, and to reveal their role and mechanism in the malignant transformation caused by persistent infection. 
 
Fourth, study new strategies and theories of immune intervention.
 
On the basis of the above three projects, this project puts forward new ideas and strategies of immune intervention based on pathogen infection and immune mechanism. Develop new vaccines and new immunotherapy methods. withUniversal influenza vaccine"This world problem is a breakthrough, focusing on solving.1-2A scientific problem, and realize1-2Industrialization of application results. Proposed for the followingthreeA key direction for bidding:
 
1. Functional transformation of various cells in immune microenvironment during acute inflammation-chronic inflammation-cancer transformation: 
 
To understand the regulatory mechanism of the interaction network between various immune cells and interstitial cells and tumor cells and their effects on inflammation-cancer transformation; Aiming at the immune microenvironment, we developed a multi-target immunotherapy strategy that systematically blocked the transformation from inflammation to cancer. Including: specific antibody immunomodulation for various targets and new strategies and concepts of cell therapy such as CAR-T, TCR-T and CAR-NK. 
 
2. Mechanism of neutralizing antibody production and screening of monoclonal neutralizing antibody during pathogen infection; 
 
In view of different pathogen infections, various new technologies are used to separate neutralizing antibodies and identify antigenic epitopes in patients recovering from pathogen infections, which on the one hand provides a basis for the design of new vaccines; On the other hand, monoclonal neutralizing antibodies were prepared for the prevention and treatment of pathogen infection, and the preclinical experiments of some antibodies were completed. 
 
3. New strategies for designing new vaccines and adjuvants: 
 
Design a safe, rapid and effective vaccine against the pathogens of emerging infectious diseases; Under the guidance of the new immune theory, new vaccine design strategies (such as synthetic vaccine based on neutralizing antibody production characteristics, new vaccine based on dendritic cells, nano-vaccine, genetic engineering vaccine based on structural biology and antibody design) are put forward for pathogens and cancers with long-term slow progress in vaccine research and development. At the same time, research on new immune adjuvants was carried out. 
 
Project 5: New methods and technologies for infection and immunity research
 
This project will combine special important scientific issues, especially the visualization of pathogen infection and host cell immune process, the heterogeneity of pathogenic microorganisms and host cells, the occurrence and development law of drug-resistant bacteria, and the research methods and evaluation methods of new drugs and vaccines. The methods used include super-resolution imaging technology, biosensor technology, nano-biology technology, organ chip technology, single cell technology, synthetic biology technology and so on. The breakthrough of new technologies and methods will not only solve the scientific problems in this field, but also promote the development of new industries. Proposed for the followingsixA key direction for bidding:
 
1. High time-space resolution tracing of pathogen infection process: 
 
Aiming at the scientific problems of virus and bacterial infection and host immune process, a high time-space resolution monitoring technique is established to visualize the key steps of pathogen infection process, trace and interpret the infected cells and tissues and host immune process in real time, and reveal the pathogen infection and pathogenic mechanism in depth. 
 
2. Humanized tissue and organ chip and humanized small animal model; 
 
Develop human-like tissue and organ chip, establish in vitro pathogenic infection and immune model, and carry out drug evaluation and pharmacodynamic research; Aiming at the infection and immune research of important pathogens, a humanized small animal model was established. 
 
3. Raman fingerprint and single cell biology of pathogenic bacteria: 
 
Establish a single cell Raman fingerprint library of pathogenic microorganisms to realize rapid identification of pathogenic microorganisms and rapid determination of drug resistance; To study single cell biology such as drug resistance and pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria. 
 
4. Rapid evolution of bacteriophage molecules resistant to bacterial drug resistance: 
 
In view of the increasingly serious drug resistance in clinic, and the speed of new drug research and development can’t keep up, according to the bacterial specificity of phage, a new strategy of rapid, efficient and broad-spectrum drug research and development of phage resistant bacteria was established by using synthetic biology and directed molecular evolution technology. 
 
5, nano antigen and antigen binding genomics: 
 
Rational design of pathogen-like nano-antigen, study of its specific immune cell response in vivo, and development of new vaccine technology; Carry out pathogen-host combinatorics, systematically find and identify receptors and immune factors, and reveal the mechanism of pathogen-host interaction and immune response. 
 
6, new technology of pathogen screening and new technology principle of infection and immunity research: 
 
In view of the high incidence of infectious diseases and public emergencies, a new rapid, highly sensitive and Qualcomm-rich pathogen immunoassay method was established to provide support for the monitoring and early warning of emerging infectious diseases; Aiming at the bottleneck problem in the research of infection and immunity, through interdisciplinary research, we explore the establishment of advanced new technical principles.     
 
Second, the reporting requirements  
 
1. All applicants are required to obtain the recommendation of the project leader. 
 

Person in charge of project 1 

 Shiyi 

 shiyi@im.ac.cn 

 Shi Zhengli 

 zlshi@wh.iov.cn 

 Person in charge of project 2 

 Liu cuihua 

 liucuihua@im.ac.cn 

 Bi Lijun 

 blj@sun5.ibp.ac.cn 

 Person in charge of project 3 

 Tian zhigang 

 tzg@ustc.edu.cn 

 Tang hong 

 htang@ips.ac.cn 

 Person in charge of project 4 

 Yan xiyun 

 yanxy@ibp.ac.cn 

 Yan jinghua 

 yanjh@im.ac.cn 

 Person in charge of project 5 

 Zhang xianen 

 zhangxe@ibp.ac.cn 

 Cui Zongqiang 

 czq@wh.iov.cn