On the evening of January 17th, a picture of "Notice on Suspending Haze Forecast and Warning Service" was circulated in Weibo. The text in the picture reads: "The meteorological bureaus of cities under the provincial jurisdiction, the meteorological bureaus of counties (cities) and the provincial meteorological bureaus: At 18: 36 on January 17, 2017, they received a telephone call from the forecast department of China Meteorological Bureau, demanding that the haze forecast and early warning work be stopped immediately. After receiving this notice, all units are requested to immediately stop making and publishing haze forecasting and early warning products. For the case that the visibility is less than 10KM, the forecast and early warning work can be carried out according to the relative humidity and fog, and the signature is "Science and Technology and Forecast Department".

　　That night, The Paper confirmed the authenticity of the notice from the relevant staff of China Meteorological Bureau. The staff member said, "This notice on suspending the haze forecast and early warning business is only an internal notice and has not been publicly released. It is because the meteorological bureau and the environmental protection department often have different situations when releasing information about haze. This time, a joint working mechanism will be introduced. In the future, there will be a consultation mechanism on how to send early warnings and who will send them. Under the new mechanism, not only the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Meteorological Bureau, but also other relevant units will be released by one department after consultation. At present, the details of the joint working mechanism are still being solicited and should be announced soon. "

　　A number of meteorological and environmental protection system analysts said that the meteorological department no longer issues haze warning and forecast, which means that the two departments are further clarifying the division of responsibilities to avoid misunderstanding caused by two kinds of "early warning" in public release. Song Yingjie, the host of CCTV’s weather forecast program, forwarded the news on the certified Weibo, and commented: "I guess the two departments are discussing new regulations and how to jointly issue a haze pollution warning to avoid the inconsistency of the previous warning levels."

　　In the past, people may encounter this situation. At the same time, the Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange warning of haze, while the Beijing Emergency Office issued a red warning of heavy air pollution. The two institutions issued warnings about different "colors" of haze weather.

　　Why are there two color warnings on the same day? What’s the difference between these two kinds of early warning?

　　According to China Weather Network, first of all, the publishing units are different. The release unit of haze orange warning is Beijing Meteorological Observatory, and the release unit of heavy pollution red warning is Beijing Emergency Office.

　　Secondly, the release process is different. Haze orange warning is decided by the internal consultation of the Central Meteorological Observatory and released by itself; The red warning of heavy pollution is that emergency headquarters is heavily polluted by the air set up in Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau, and the Beijing Emergency Office puts forward the suggestion of issuing red warning information, and then the Beijing Emergency Office issues the red warning of heavy pollution.

　　The publishing standards are also different.

　　Release standard of orange haze warning (Beijing Meteorological Observatory): It is estimated that one of the following conditions may occur in the next 24 hours and will continue or the actual situation has reached one of the following conditions and may continue:

　　(1) Haze with visibility less than 2000m and relative humidity less than 80%.

　　(2) Visibility is less than 2000m, relative humidity is greater than or equal to 80%, and PM2.5 concentration is greater than 150μ g/m3 and less than or equal to 250μ g/m3.

　　(3) Visibility is less than 5000m, and PM2.5 concentration is more than 250μ g/m3 and less than or equal to 500μ g/m3.

　　Release Standard of Red Warning for Heavy Pollution (Beijing Emergency Office): The warning level is defined according to the Emergency Plan for Heavy Air Pollution in Beijing.

　　(1) The air quality index (AQI) above 200 is heavy air pollution, and it is predicted that the heavy air pollution will last for one day (24 hours), which is the early warning level 4 (blue);

　　(2) For two days (48 hours), it is warning level 3 (yellow);

　　(3) Three days (72 hours) is the warning level 3 (orange);

　　(4) For more than three days (more than 72 hours), the warning level is red.

　　In a word, the main indicators of haze warning issued by Beijing Meteorological Observatory are visibility and PM2.5 concentration. The main indicator for the emergency office to issue early warning of heavy pollution is AQI. It should be noted that AQI (air quality index) includes five other reference standards, such as SO2, NO2, PM10, O and CO, in addition to PM2.5, so the concentration of PM2.5 cannot completely control AQI index.

Uncle Wu was diagnosed with lung cancer some time ago. Fortunately, the course of the disease is still in the early stage, and he soon recovered and was discharged after treatment. After returning home, his wife attached great importance to Uncle Wu’s diet and searched online for various dietary patterns suitable for cancer patients.

By chance, my wife saw an article saying that sugar would promote the development of cancer, so she began to strictly control Uncle Wu’s sugar intake. This is very uncomfortable for uncle Wu, because he likes sweets himself. My wife not only doesn’t put sugar when cooking, but also doesn’t let him add sugar when drinking soybean milk.

When drinking soybean milk this morning, Uncle Wu secretly added a few spoonfuls of sugar, turned around and was found by his wife, and then was severely scolded. Uncle Wu is also very unconvinced. He thinks that his wife has read some pseudo-popular science articles. Now he will take his wife to the hospital to ask the doctor if sugar can be eaten.

01

The latest research: sugar can directly promote cancer!

Sugar is one of the condiments often eaten in life. In recent years, there are more and more debates about it. It is even said that sugar will promote the occurrence of cancer. What is going on?

There is no denying that cancer cells have a special preference for sugar. Compared with normal cells, the amount of glucose required by cancer cells for metabolism is more than 10 times that of normal cells.

Many scientific studies also show that a high-sugar diet will increase the risk of cancer. Researchers at Harvard Medical School once published a study in JAMA, which included data of 98,000 postmenopausal women and followed them for 21 years. It was found that compared with women who drank less than three sugary drinks a day, women who drank one or more sugary drinks a day had an increased risk of liver cancer by 85%.

In the past, the medical community generally believed that glucose promoted cancer by participating in various metabolic pathways, but a recent study pointed out that glucose itself is a signal molecule that can induce cancer without metabolism.

Researchers at Duke University in the United States once published a study in Cell Metabolism, which pointed out that glucose, as a single signal molecule, can directly bind to activate NSUN2, inhibit cGAS/STING pathway, promote the occurrence of cancer and increase the drug resistance of immunotherapy.

With the development of science and technology, more and more cancer treatments have entered our lives, among which the advent of PD-1 and PD-L1 immunotherapy has brought new hope to many cancer patients, but the mechanism of immune resistance against PD-1 and PD-L1 is still unclear.

The researchers further explored the therapeutic effect of targeting glucose /NSUN2/TREX2 axis, and knocked out the gene encoding NSUN2/TREX2 in breast cancer cells and prostate cancer cells which were tolerant to PD-L1 inhibitor.

The results showed that whether the gene was deleted or not, it could activate cGAS/STING pathway, thus exerting anti-cancer activity and overcoming the drug resistance of cells to PD-L1 inhibitors. In other words, targeting glucose /NSUN2/TREX2 axis is directly related to cancer development and overcoming drug resistance in immunotherapy, which may become a new idea for cancer treatment.

02

Can cancer patients still eat sugar?

The fast growth of cancer cells is related to its ability to absorb a lot of energy in glucose. As a result, many people think that eating sugar is "feeding" cancer cells. In order to prevent the disease from getting worse, I will strictly limit the sugar intake in my diet every day. Can this really stop the development of cancer?

Sugar, also known as carbohydrates, will be hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose after entering the body, then absorbed into the blood by the body, and finally entered the cells as raw materials for breathing to provide energy for the body. All cells in the body need glucose to provide energy. Without glucose, the body will have no energy source and life activities will not be normal.

Cancer cells and normal cells have different energy metabolism pathways. Cancer cells mainly use glucose to generate energy through anaerobic glycolysis, which is inefficient, which directly leads to the demand for glucose for cancer cells is much higher than that for normal cells. Therefore, many people think that cancer cells can starve to death without eating sugar.

In fact, in addition to cancer cells, normal cells also need to absorb sugar to provide energy for organs to maintain operation. Moreover, glucose is not the only source of nutrition for cancer cells. Without sugar, cancer cells will absorb a large amount of protein to produce their abilities, and even plunder the nutrients of normal cells.

So if you don’t eat sugar, not only can you not starve cancer cells, but you may starve normal cells first.

Cancer patients should learn to eat sugar instead of being unable to eat sugar. Li Ying, Department of Nutrition, xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, said that cancer patients should learn these three things when eating sugar:

Learn to read the ingredient list: read the ingredient list when buying food, and try to eat as little as possible when you see ingredients related to adding sugar, such as sweet drinks, desserts, snacks and biscuits.

The staple food should be thick and thin: compared with fine rice flour, the GI value of coarse grains is lower, and the blood sugar fluctuation after eating is smaller. Pay attention to the thick and thin collocation in daily staple food, and you can’t just eat coarse grains or flour and rice. Optional coarse grains include corn, black rice, Redmi, oats, buckwheat and other grains; Miscellaneous beans such as yellow mung beans, red beans and black beans; Tubers such as sweet potato, yam and potato.

Beware of sugar-free food: sugar-free food does not mean that it is completely sugar-free. According to the relevant standards in China, sugar content ≤ 0.5g/100g (solid) or 100ml (liquid) can be marked as sugar-free or sugar-free. Some foods without sucrose may also contain sweeteners and other sugar substitutes. Excessive intake of these sugars will also increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, which is not good for health.

03

It is these five foods that really accelerate cancer lesions.

The most fundamental cause of cancer is gene mutation, but some external factors in life can also induce the pathological changes of cancer cells. The following five foods have been listed as "first-class carcinogens" by the International Agency for Cancer of the World Health Organization, so it is best to eat less.

1. Processed meat

Processed meat is classified as a class 1 carcinogen by WHO, and daily common sausages, bacon, ham and braised pork all belong to the category of processed meat. Because there is a large amount of nitrite in processed meat, the substance is converted into nitrosamine after entering the body. Nitrosamine is a clear carcinogen, and long-term contact will increase the risk of cancer in the body.

2. Pickled food

Pickled vegetables and salted fish are the "artifacts" that many people like to eat, but the nitrite content in vegetables will increase greatly during the pickling process. Especially in vegetables preserved for 3 weeks, the nitrite content in them will reach the peak, and will gradually fall back after 30 days.

3. Moldy food

There is likely to be aflatoxin in moldy food, which has strong toxicity and carcinogenic effect. When it enters the body, it will cause abdominal pain and diarrhea, and it will cause cancer.

Once moldy food is found in daily life, such as moldy peanuts, corn, rice, fruits, bitter nuts and melon seeds, it should be discarded in time, and the moldy parts must not be removed and eaten continuously, and some parts invisible to the naked eye may also be polluted.

4. Barbecue food

When food is baked at high temperature, the fat, cholesterol and other components inside will be pyrolyzed and thermally polymerized, and then benzopyrene will be formed. Benzopyrene is a clear carcinogen, which can increase the risk of various cancers.

5. Alcohol

Alcohol itself is not a carcinogen, but the real danger is acetaldehyde formed by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase after alcohol enters the body. Acetaldehyde is a clear carcinogen, which will directly bind to DNA, induce gene mutation, and finally easily induce cancer.

For patients with cancer, it is not that they can’t eat sugar at all, but that they should eat it selectively. Maintaining a healthy dietary pattern is more critical to health.

References:

[1] Is there a new breakthrough in the carcinogenesis of glucose? ! Optimization strategy of sugar and lipid focusing on anti-tumor therapy. Yimaitong Oncology Department 2023-09-14

[2] Nutrition Science | Can cancer patients eat sugar? Department of Clinical Nutrition, Yunnan Cancer Hospital 2023-10-08

[3] Published by WHO! Seven kinds of cancer-causing bombs are hidden on the dining table in Chinese! ".Health sector 2021-10-17.

Reprinting is prohibited without the permission and authorization of the author.

Original title: "WHO publishes a list of first-class carcinogens: don’t want to provoke cancer, don’t eat five foods easily."

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This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:New silicon NewGeek (ID：XinguiNewgeek), Author: Dong Daoli, editor: Zhang Zeyi, title map from: vision china.

Two days ago, Reuters sent a piece of news, saying that in the first half of this year, the United States imported about 1 million tons of waste cooking oil, which is commonly known as gutter oil, of which imports from China accounted for 58%, and this figure was in 2022-0.1%。

Waste cooking oil, which is notorious on the Chinese Internet, is now snapped up by Americans, and the European Union and Japan are also importing a lot from China …

More than that, the point is that we don’t want to give it yet.

According to the analysis of a Singaporean oil trader, due to the sharp increase in the demand for food waste oil in China,In about five years, China will run out of food waste oil.

In fact, countries are scrambling for waste oil for the same reason.Is to make "sustainable aviation fuel"（SAF）.

The current global background is "low-carbon economy", and various countries are carrying out energy reforms, such as electrification of automobiles and laying new photovoltaic energy sources, which are all products under this background.

Among them, how to reduce carbon emissions in the aviation industry, which is a big carbon emitter, is a big problem in front of all countries. It is not feasible to fly less economically and electricize technology, but in 2021, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) will（IATA）Just let the word out,Speaking of achieving zero net carbon emissions by 2050.

At this time, scientists have developed a sustainable aviation fuel to solve the problem of carbon emissions from the source.

From the current technology, the raw materials of sustainable aviation fuel mainly include coconut oil, palm oil, linseed oil and other vegetable oils, as well as microalgae oil and catering waste oil.(gutter oil)Animal fat, etc.

It seems that there are many choices of raw materials, but in fact there are not many. Coconut oil, olive oil and linseed oil are too late for people to use, and it always seems that they don’t eat minced meat when they are burned for airplanes. Among them, waste cooking oil, the so-called waste cooking oil, has become the most suitable raw material.

Conversion of waste oil into bio-aviation combustion(a kind of SAF),Carbon emissions can be reduced by more than half compared with traditional fuels.

Take China’s aviation industry as an example. At present, China consumes more than 30 million tons of aviation fuel every year. If these are replaced by bio-aviation coal, it can reduce about 55 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions a year, which is equivalent to-Plant 500 million trees.

Waste cooking oil originally needed to be treated with money. Now turning waste into treasure can not only reduce environmental pollution, but also reduce dependence on traditional energy. Countries have invested a lot of money and technology research and development to develop waste cooking oil resources.

The department in charge of carbon emissions is really fragrant.

Then the question is, where is the most gutter oil in the world? Nature is China with a large population and a long history of food culture.

According to Transport&Environment.（T&E）, a non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting clean transportation, China has collected 3.38 million tons of waste oil in 2023, more than the United States and the European Union.(including Britain)It adds up to more. Besides,The collection potential of surplus waste oil in China is also very considerable.

The sudden surge in the amount of China waste oil imported by the United States has something to do with the European Union.

Originally, the EU was the largest buyer of waste oil in China.However, this year, the EU announced that it would start to impose a temporary anti-dumping duty of 12.8% to 36.4% on China biodiesel.More than 40 companies, including major producers Zhejiang Jiaao, Lijing Environment Group and Longyan Zhuo Yue, were hit.

The effect is immediate. According to China Customs data, in the first half of this year, the export of waste oil to the EU decreased by 51% year-on-year.

Whether the United States began to import a large number of China waste oil, or the European Union repeatedly jumped to suppress China waste oil, there is an unchangeable fact:The demand for waste oil in various countries far exceeds the supply.

As can be seen from the data compiled by T&E, the United States and the European Union(including Britain)The gap in waste oil is very large.

The distribution of resources in different places is unbalanced, and it is very common to exchange with each other. If China can exchange waste oil for some high-tech in Europe and America, Si Zijun will also consider eating more butter hotpot.

howeverThe real importance of gutter oil lies in the "carbon emission right" it represents later.

Carbon emission right refers to the right to be allowed to emit a certain amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere within a specific range. At present, human economic activities are inseparable from carbon emissions. Simply put, the more carbon emission quotas, the greater the possibility of national development.

The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in Kyoto, Japan in December, 1997, put forward the market mechanism as a new way to solve the problem of greenhouse gas emission reduction represented by carbon dioxide for the first time, that is, carbon emission rights were regarded as a commodity, thus forming the trading of carbon emission rights.

The carbon emissions reduced by cooking oil here can be used in other places for development and even sold to other countries.

Since gutter oil is so precious, the voice of restricting the export of gutter oil has gradually appeared. On June 14th this year, Yu Feng, president of Honeywell China, said: China should restrict the export of "gutter oil".

Then in June this year, China Commercial Aircraft Corporation’s ARJ21 regional jet and C919 large passenger plane successfully completed the first test flight of domestic commercial aircraft with self-developed bio-jet fuel.It means that China also needs waste oil to make aviation fuel.

Therefore, don’t worry too much about roadside stalls eating gutter oil, and countries are not enough to grab imports.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:New silicon NewGeek (ID：XinguiNewgeek), Author: Dong Daoli, Editor: Zhang Zeyi