The State Council on printing and distributing the national

Notice of the Outline of Ecological Environment Protection

Guo Fa [2000] No.38　　

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

The "National Outline of Ecological Environmental Protection" formulated by the State Environmental Protection Administration in conjunction with relevant departments is hereby printed and distributed to you. Please conscientiously implement it in light of the actual situation of this region and this department.

All regions and relevant departments should, according to the National Outline of Ecological Environment Protection, formulate their own ecological environment protection plans, actively take measures to intensify ecological environment protection, reverse the deterioration trend of the ecological environment, and work hard to achieve the grand goal of beautiful mountains and rivers in the motherland.

State Council　　　　　　　　　　　　

November 26th, 2000　　　

National Outline of Ecological Environment Protection

Ecological environmental protection is a great cause and grand project that contributes to the present and benefits future generations. Persistently doing a good job in ecological environment protection is the need to ensure the healthy development of economy and society and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In order to fully implement the sustainable development strategy, implement the basic national policy of environmental protection, consolidate the achievements of ecological construction, and strive to achieve the grand goal of beautiful mountains and rivers in the motherland, this outline is specially formulated.

First, the current national ecological environment protection situation

(1) Achievements and existing problems in the current ecological environment protection work.

1. The national ecological environment protection has made certain achievements. Since the reform and opening up, the Party and the government have attached great importance to environmental protection, adopted a series of major measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, and intensified the construction of the ecological environment, which has effectively protected and improved the ecological environment in some areas of China. Mainly manifested in: afforestation, soil and water conservation, grassland construction and land improvement and other key ecological projects have made progress; The key prevention and control projects of soil and water conservation in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River were fully implemented; The protection of natural forest resources in key areas and the project of returning farmland to forests and grasslands have started; A number of different types of nature reserves, scenic spots and forest parks have been established; The pilot demonstration of ecological agriculture and the construction of ecological demonstration areas have developed steadily; The legal system for environmental protection has been gradually improved.

2. The national ecological environment is still facing a grim situation. At present, the trend of ecological environment deterioration in some areas has not been effectively curbed, and the scope of ecological environment damage is expanding, the degree is increasing and the harm is increasing. The outstanding performance is as follows: the deterioration of the ecological environment at the source of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and other major rivers is accelerating, and the important lakes and wetlands along the river are shrinking day by day, especially in the northern region, where rivers are cut off, lakes are dried up, and the groundwater level is seriously reduced, which has aggravated the harm of floods, vegetation degradation and land desertification; Over-grazing, over-reclamation and firewood harvesting in grassland areas, and deforestation in forested areas and forested areas have led to the destruction of forest and grass vegetation, the decline of ecological functions and the intensification of soil erosion; The indiscriminate exploitation and excavation of mineral resources, especially the improper development along the river, coast and slope, lead to frequent geological disasters such as collapse, landslide, debris flow, ground collapse, settlement and seawater intrusion; The area of wild animal and plant species-rich areas in China has been decreasing, the habitat environment of rare wild animals and plants has deteriorated, the number of precious medicinal wild plants has dropped sharply, and the total amount of biological resources has decreased; Coastal waters are seriously polluted, marine fishery resources are declining, coral reefs and mangroves are destroyed, and coastal erosion is prominent. The continued deterioration of the ecological environment will seriously affect the sustainable development of China’s economy and society and the national ecological environment security.

(B) the current reasons for the deterioration of the ecological environment.

3. Unreasonable development and utilization of resources is the main reason for the deterioration of ecological environment. In some areas, the awareness of environmental protection is not strong, and development is emphasized over protection, construction over maintenance, and resources are exploited in a predatory and extensive way, which exceeds the carrying capacity of the ecological environment. Some departments and units have weak supervision, lax law enforcement and poor management, which has led to many phenomena of ecological environment destruction, which has aggravated the degradation of the ecological environment. At the same time, the lack of investment in ecological environment protection and construction for a long time is also an important reason for the deterioration of the ecological environment. It is a long-term and arduous task for us to effectively solve the contradictions and problems of ecological environment protection.

II. Guiding ideology, basic principles and objectives of national ecological environmental protection

(a) the guiding ideology and basic principles of national ecological environmental protection.

4. The guiding ideology of national ecological environmental protection. Hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, focus on implementing the strategy of sustainable development and promoting the transformation of economic growth mode, aim at improving the quality of ecological environment and safeguarding the national ecological environment security, closely focus on key areas and key ecological environment issues, make unified planning, give classified guidance, promote by regions, strengthen the rule of law, strictly supervise, resolutely crack down on man-made destruction of ecological environment, mobilize and organize the whole society, protect and improve the ability of natural recovery, consolidate the achievements of ecological construction, and strive to curb the trend of ecological environment deterioration, in order to achieve

5. Basic principles of national ecological environment protection. Adhere to both ecological environment protection and ecological environment construction. While strengthening the construction of ecological environment, we must adhere to the principle of giving priority to protection, giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with control, and completely reverse the passive situation of destruction while building in some areas.

Pay equal attention to pollution prevention and ecological environment protection. We should give full consideration to the mutual influence and function of regional and river basin environmental pollution and ecological environment destruction, adhere to the unified planning of pollution prevention and ecological environment protection, implement them simultaneously, organically combine urban and rural pollution prevention and ecological environment protection, and strive to realize the integration of urban and rural environmental protection.

Adhere to overall planning, comprehensive decision-making and rational development. Correctly handle the relationship between resource development and environmental protection, and insist on developing in protection and protecting in development. Economic development must follow the laws of nature, unify the short-term and long-term, and give consideration to the local and overall situation. The carrying capacity of ecological environment must be fully considered in resource development activities, and immediate and local economic benefits must never be exchanged at the expense of ecological environment.

Adhere to the system of who develops and protects, who destroys and restores, and who uses and pays. It is necessary to clarify the rights, responsibilities and benefits of ecological environment protection and make full use of legal, economic, administrative and technical means to protect the ecological environment.

(2) The goal of national ecological environment protection.

6. The goal of national ecological environmental protection is to curb the destruction of ecological environment and reduce the harm of natural disasters through ecological environmental protection; Promote the rational and scientific utilization of natural resources and realize a virtuous circle of natural ecosystems; Maintain the national ecological environment security and ensure the sustainable development of the national economy and society.

Short-term goals. By 2010, the trend of ecological environment destruction will be basically curbed. Build a number of ecological function protection zones, and strive to protect and restore the ecosystems and ecological functions of the source areas of major rivers such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, important lakes and wetlands in the Yangtze River and Songhua River basins, southwest and northwest regions, important oases in the northwest, key prevention and protection areas for soil and water conservation and key supervision areas; While doing a good job in the construction and management of existing nature reserves, we should pay close attention to the construction of a number of new nature reserves, so that all kinds of good natural ecosystems and important species can be effectively protected; Establish and improve the ecological environment protection supervision system, so that the ecological environment protection measures can be effectively implemented, all kinds of development activities in key resource development zones are carried out in strict accordance with the plan, and the recovery rate of ecological environment damage has been greatly improved; Strengthen the construction of ecological demonstration areas and eco-agricultural counties, and some counties (cities, districts) in China will basically realize a virtuous circle of beautiful mountains and rivers and natural ecosystems.

Long-term goals. By 2030, comprehensively curb the deterioration of the ecological environment, effectively protect the ecological environment of important ecological function areas, species-rich areas and key resource development zones, and improve the ecological environment of the source areas of the first-class tributaries of major water systems and the national key protected wetlands; Some important ecosystems have been rebuilt and restored; 50% of counties (cities, districts) in China have achieved a virtuous circle of beautiful mountains and rivers and natural ecosystems, and more than 30% of cities have reached the standards of eco-city and garden city. By 2050, we will strive to improve the national ecological environment in an all-round way, achieve a clean urban and rural environment and a virtuous circle of natural ecosystems, and achieve the grand goal of beautiful mountains and rivers in most parts of the country.

Three, the main contents and requirements of the national ecological environment protection

(a) the ecological environment protection of important ecological function areas.

7. Establish ecological function protection zones. Important ecological functional areas, such as river source areas, important water conservation areas, key prevention and protection areas and key supervision areas for soil and water conservation, river flood storage areas, windbreak and sand fixation areas and important fishery waters, play an important role in maintaining the ecological balance of river basins and regions, alleviating natural disasters and ensuring the national and regional ecological environment security. The existing vegetation and natural ecosystems in these areas should be strictly protected, and the ecological function protection zones should be established and protective measures should be implemented to prevent the destruction of the ecological environment and the degradation of ecological functions. Important ecological function areas across provinces, key river basins and key regions, and establish national ecological function protection zones; Cross-regional (city) and county (city) important ecological function zones, and establish provincial and prefecture (city) level ecological function protection zones.

8. Take the following protective measures for ecological function protection areas: stop all development activities and other man-made sabotage activities that lead to the continued degradation of ecological functions; Stop all construction projects that cause serious environmental pollution; Strictly control the population growth, and necessary immigration measures should be taken if the population in the area has exceeded the carrying capacity; Change the extensive mode of production and management, take the road of eco-economic development, and combine the ecological environment construction measures to seriously organize reconstruction and restoration of the damaged important ecosystems, so as to curb the deterioration trend of the ecological environment as soon as possible.

9. The establishment of various ecological function protection zones shall be reviewed by the environmental protection departments at all levels in conjunction with relevant departments and submitted to the government at the same level for approval. The management of ecological function protected areas is mainly based on local governments, and national ecological function protected areas can be managed by institutions appointed by provincial governments. Among them, after the cross-provincial areas are approved by the national unified planning, they are managed by provinces according to their territories; Governments at all levels should give active support to the construction of ecological function protection zones; Agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, environmental protection, land and resources and other relevant departments should strengthen supervision over the management, protection and construction of ecological function protected areas in accordance with their respective responsibilities.

(2) Protection of the ecological environment in the development of key resources.

10. Effectively strengthen the environmental management of important natural resources such as water, land, forests, grasslands, oceans and minerals, and strictly protect the ecological environment in the development and utilization of resources. The development of all kinds of natural resources must abide by relevant laws and regulations, and fulfill the procedures of ecological environment impact assessment according to law; The key construction projects of resource development shall be compiled with water and soil conservation plans, otherwise construction shall not be started.

11. Ecological environment protection of water resources development and utilization. The development and utilization of water resources should be balanced in the whole basin, with a comprehensive balance between production, living and ecological water use, with equal emphasis on open source and throttling, priority on throttling, pollution control as the foundation, scientific open source and comprehensive utilization. Establish a control system for high-water consumption projects in water-deficient areas, gradually adjust high-water consumption industries in water-deficient areas, stop new high-water consumption projects, and ensure ecological water use in the basin. In river basins and areas where rivers are cut off, lakes are shrinking and groundwater is overexploited, new water storage, water diversion and irrigation projects that aggravate the imbalance of water balance should be stopped; Reasonable control of groundwater exploitation to achieve a balance between mining and compensation; In areas where groundwater is seriously over-exploited, delimit the forbidden mining area of groundwater, and pay close attention to cleaning up unreasonable pumping facilities to prevent large-scale underground funnels and surface collapse. Continue to strengthen the control of sulfur dioxide and acid rain, and rationally develop, utilize and protect atmospheric water resources; For lakes and rivers that are reclaimed without authorization, it is necessary to return farmland to lakes and water within a time limit. Through scientific monitoring and evaluation and functional zoning, standardize the sewage discharge permit system and the sewage outlet management system. It is strictly forbidden to dump garbage and construction and industrial wastes into water bodies, further intensify the control of water pollution, especially in key rivers and lakes, and speed up the construction of urban sewage treatment facilities and centralized garbage treatment facilities. Strengthen the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, encourage the recycling of livestock manure, ensure the discharge of aquaculture wastewater up to standard, and strictly control the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in areas where nitrogen and phosphorus seriously exceed the standard.

12. Ecological environment protection of land resources development and utilization. According to the overall land use planning, implement the land use control system, clarify the responsibility of land contractors for ecological environment protection, strengthen the protection of ecological land, and freeze the requisition of grassland, woodland and wetland with important ecological functions. If the construction project really needs to occupy ecological land, it should be submitted for approval and compensated in strict accordance with the law, and the system of "one for one" should be implemented to ensure that the restoration area is not less than the occupied area. Strengthen the supervision of ecological environment protection for major infrastructure construction such as transportation, energy and water conservancy, scientifically select construction routes and construction sites, minimize the occupation of forest land, grassland and cultivated land, and prevent soil erosion and land desertification. Strengthen the ecological supervision of the development and utilization of non-pasture grassland. Farmland on steep slopes in the upper and middle reaches of major rivers should be returned to forests and grasslands in a planned and step-by-step manner in accordance with relevant plans, and the management of farmland should be strengthened to prevent re-cultivation.

13. Ecological environment protection for the development and utilization of forest and grassland resources. Forest areas and grasslands with important ecological functions should be classified as prohibited reclamation areas, logging areas or grazing areas, and strictly managed; Those that have been developed and utilized should return farmland to pasture, cultivate forests and grass, and make them recuperate. Implement natural forest protection projects to protect and give full play to the ecological benefits of forests to the maximum extent; It is necessary to effectively protect all kinds of ecological public welfare forests such as water conservation forests, soil and water conservation forests, windbreak and sand fixation forests, and special-purpose forests; For the cultivated land and abandoned land reclaimed by deforestation and grass destruction, it is necessary to return farmland to forest and grass within a time limit in accordance with the principle of "whoever approves it will be responsible and whoever destroys it will be restored". Strengthen forest and grassland fire prevention and control of pests and rodents, and strive to reduce the disastrous loss of forest and grass resources; Increase the intensity of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and grass cultivation in burned and deforested areas, and accelerate the restoration of ecological environment and the improvement of ecological functions in forest areas and grasslands. Vigorously develop renewable energy technologies such as wind energy, solar energy and biomass energy, and reduce the damage to forest and grass vegetation caused by firewood harvesting.

To develop animal husbandry, we should insist on fixing livestock by grass and prevent overloading and overgrazing. Seriously overloaded and overgrazing, the carrying capacity should be approved, and the number of livestock should be reduced within a time limit. Take the policy of combining protection and utilization, strictly implement the grazing ban period, grazing ban area and rotational grazing system, actively develop straw feed, gradually implement the method of feeding in captivity, and accelerate the restoration of degraded grassland. In arid and semi-arid areas, it is necessary to adjust the proportion of grain and livestock production according to local conditions and vigorously implement the project of planting grass to raise livestock and enrich the people. Agricultural development in the farming-pastoral ecotone shall not cause new grassland damage; The development of oasis agriculture shall not destroy natural vegetation. For the cultivated grassland in pastoral areas, we should return farmland to grassland and restore vegetation within a time limit.

14. Ecological environment protection for the development and utilization of biological species resources. The exploitation of biological species resources should be carried out on the premise of protecting species diversity and ensuring biological safety. All forms of killing and collecting endangered wild animals and plants are prohibited according to law. Severely crack down on the illegal trade in endangered wildlife. Strictly restrict the killing, collection and sale of beneficial insects, birds and animals. Encourage the domestication and breeding of wildlife. Strengthen the development and management of wildlife resources, gradually delimit quasi-mining areas, standardize mining and excavation methods, and prohibit indiscriminate mining and excavation; It is strictly forbidden to collect and sell Nostoc flagelliforme, ban all Nostoc flagelliforme trade, and resolutely stop the indiscriminate digging of various wild medicinal plants with important sand-fixing functions in arid and semi-arid grasslands. Do a good job in the protection of spawning grounds, feeding grounds, wintering grounds, migratory passages and important aquatic organisms and their habitats for important fish. Strengthen biosafety management and establish import and export management system and risk assessment system for living genetically modified organisms and their products; Risk assessment must be carried out for the introduction of alien species, and import quarantine work should be strengthened to prevent foreign harmful species from entering China.

15. Ecological environment protection for the development and utilization of marine and fishery resources. The development and utilization of marine and fishery resources must be carried out according to functional zoning, so as to achieve unified planning and rational development and utilization. We will earnestly strengthen the management of coastal zones, strictly examine and approve land reclamation for port construction, coastal projects and the construction of tourist facilities, and strictly protect mangroves, coral reefs and coastal shelterbelts. Strengthen the protection of important aquatic resources breeding areas such as key fishing grounds, river estuaries, bays and other fishery waters, and strictly supervise the ecological environment protection of fishery resources development. Strengthen the prevention and control of marine pollution, gradually establish a system for controlling the total amount of pollutants discharged into the sea, strengthen the environmental management of offshore oil and gas exploration and development, marine dumping, ship sewage discharge and ports, and gradually establish an emergency system for major pollution accidents at sea.

16. Ecological environment protection of mineral resources development and utilization. Mining in ecological function protection areas, nature reserves, scenic spots and forest parks is strictly prohibited. Quarrying, sand mining and earth borrowing are strictly prohibited in dangerous areas of landslides, areas prone to mudslides and areas that are prone to damage to natural landscapes. The development and utilization of mineral resources must be strictly planned and managed, and the construction period, area and mode that are conducive to ecological environment protection should be selected to minimize the damage to the ecological environment caused by development activities. The exploitation of mineral resources must prevent secondary geological disasters. In the exploitation of mineral resources along the river, along the river, along the lake, along the reservoir and in the coastal areas, we must implement measures to protect the ecological environment and try our best to avoid and reduce the damage to the ecological environment. If the damage has been caused, the developer must restore it within a time limit. Mines and pits that have stopped mining or closed must be reclaimed in time.

17. Ecological environment protection for the development and utilization of tourism resources. The development of tourism resources must make clear the objectives and requirements of environmental protection and ensure that the construction of tourism facilities is in harmony with the natural landscape. Scientifically determine the tourist capacity of tourist areas and rationally design tourist routes, so that the construction of tourism infrastructure can adapt to the carrying capacity of ecological environment. Strengthen the protection of natural landscapes and scenic spots, restrict the tourism development of important natural relics, strictly control the tourism development of key scenic spots, strictly control the construction scale and quantity of tourist facilities such as ropeways, and dismantle facilities that do not meet the planning requirements within a time limit. Sewage, smoke and domestic garbage in tourist areas must be discharged up to standard and disposed scientifically.

(3) Ecological environment protection in ecologically sound areas.

18. Areas with good ecology, especially species-rich areas, are key areas for ecological environment protection, and active protection measures should be taken to ensure that the ecosystems and ecological functions of these areas are not destroyed. In areas rich in species, representative of natural ecosystems, typical and unspoiled, a number of new nature reserves should be built quickly. The Hengduan Mountains, the plateau mountains bordering New Qinghai-Tibet, the mountainous areas bordering Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Hubei, the mountainous areas bordering Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi, the Qinling-Bashan Mountains, Xishuangbanna in southern Yunnan, Hainan Island, Daxing ‘anling and Sanjiang Plain in northeast China should be listed as key areas, and nature reserves at all levels should be planned and constructed by stages. In the distribution areas of species and ecosystems with important protection value in the western region, especially in the distribution areas of important desert ecosystems and typical desert wildlife, a number of different types of nature reserves should be built.

19. Pay attention to the protection of urban ecological environment. In the process of urbanization, it is necessary to effectively protect all kinds of important ecological land. Large and medium-sized cities should ensure a certain proportion of public green space and ecological land, carry out in-depth garden city creation activities, strengthen the construction and protection of urban parks, green belts, forests and lawns, and vigorously promote the greening and beautification of courtyards, walls, roofs and bridges. It is strictly forbidden to open mountains and fill the sea and develop wetlands at will in urban areas and suburbs, and it is forbidden to fill and occupy streams, rivers, canals and ponds at will. We will continue to comprehensively improve the urban environment, further accelerate the adjustment of energy structure and the control of industrial pollution sources, earnestly strengthen the environmental management of urban construction projects and construction sites, and actively promote the creation of environmental protection model cities and towns with beautiful environments.

20. Strengthen the construction of ecological demonstration areas and ecological agricultural counties. The state encourages and supports ecologically sound areas and plays an exemplary role in implementing the strategy of sustainable development. Further accelerate the pace of county (city) ecological demonstration area and ecological agriculture county construction. In areas where conditions permit, efforts should be made to promote the construction of prefecture-level and provincial-level ecological demonstration zones.

Four, the national ecological environment protection countermeasures and measures

(1) Strengthen leadership and coordination and establish a comprehensive decision-making mechanism for ecological environmental protection.

21. Establish and improve the responsibility system for ecological environmental protection. It is necessary to implement the responsibility system that local governments at all levels are responsible for the quality of the ecological environment in their respective jurisdictions and all departments are responsible for the protection of the ecological environment in their own industries and systems. Clarify the ecological environmental protection responsibilities of resource development units and legal persons. Implement a strict assessment, reward and punishment system. Units and individuals that have strictly performed their duties and made significant contributions to the protection of the ecological environment shall be commended and rewarded. For dereliction of duty, dereliction of duty, causing damage to the ecological environment, should be investigated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Ecological environmental protection and construction planning should be incorporated into the long-term and annual plans of economic and social development at all levels to ensure the investment of governments at all levels in ecological environmental protection. Establish an audit system for ecological environment protection and construction to ensure the rationality of input and output and the unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.

22. Actively coordinate and cooperate to establish an effective supervision system for ecological environmental protection. All relevant departments in the State Council should carry out their duties, cooperate closely, and work together with Qi Xin to jointly promote the national ecological environment protection. Environmental protection departments should do a good job in comprehensive coordination and supervision, planning, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, land resources and construction departments should strengthen the planning and management of natural resources development, and do a good job in ecological environment protection and restoration. On the basis of the key protection and supervision areas of the ecological environment determined by the state, local governments at all levels should determine the key protection and supervision areas of the ecological environment in their respective jurisdictions according to local conditions, and form a supporting ecological environment protection and supervision system. Governments at all levels and relevant departments in the western region should give priority to the protection and construction of the ecological environment in the western region to ensure the smooth implementation of the national strategy of developing the western region.

23 to ensure the scientific and technological support ability of ecological environmental protection. Governments at all levels should incorporate scientific research on ecological environmental protection into their scientific and technological development plans, encourage scientific and technological innovation, and strengthen technological development and popularization in key areas of ecological environmental protection such as rural ecological environmental protection, biodiversity protection, ecological restoration and soil and water conservation. In the funds for ecological environmental protection, a certain proportion of funds should be used for scientific research and technology popularization of ecological environmental protection, so as to promote the transformation of scientific research results and improve the scientific and technological content and level of ecological environmental protection. Establish an early warning system and strengthen the prediction of the deterioration trend of the ecological environment.

24 to establish a comprehensive decision-making mechanism for economic and social development and ecological environmental protection. All localities should pay close attention to the preparation of ecological function zoning, guide the development of natural resources and the rational distribution of industries, and promote the coordinated and healthy development of economic, social and ecological environmental protection. When formulating major economic and technological policies, social development plans and economic development plans, we should fully consider the impact of ecological environment according to ecological function zoning. The development of natural resources, planting trees and grass, soil and water conservation, grassland construction and other major ecological environment construction projects must carry out environmental impact assessment. For projects that may cause damage and adverse effects to the ecological environment, measures for ecological environment protection and restoration must be designed, constructed, checked and accepted simultaneously with resource development and construction projects. Those that may cause serious damage to the ecological environment should be strictly reviewed and resolutely prohibited.

(two) to strengthen the legal system, improve the people’s awareness of ecological environmental protection.

25. Strengthen legislation and law enforcement, and bring ecological environment protection into the track of rule of law. Strictly implement laws and regulations on environmental protection and resource management, and severely crack down on criminal acts that damage the ecological environment. Pay close attention to the formulation and revision of laws and regulations on ecological environment protection and construction, formulate regulations on the management of ecological environment protection in ecological function protection areas, and improve and perfect local ecological environment protection regulations and supervision systems.

26. Conscientiously implement international conventions and conduct extensive international exchanges and cooperation. Conscientiously implement international conventions such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on International Wetlands, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Wild Fauna and Flora, and the Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, safeguard the rights and interests of national ecological environment protection, undertake international obligations commensurate with China’s development level, and make contributions to global ecological environment protection. Carry out extensive international exchanges and cooperation, actively introduce foreign capital, technology and management experience, and promote the all-round development of China’s ecological environment protection.

27. Strengthen publicity and education on ecological environmental protection, and constantly raise the awareness of ecological environmental protection of the whole people. In-depth education on environmental national conditions and national policies will be carried out, and training on ecological environmental protection will be carried out at different levels to improve the comprehensive decision-making ability of ecological environmental protection and economic and social development. Pay attention to the basic education and professional education of ecological environment protection, and actively do a good job in social public education. Urban zoos, botanical gardens and other parks should increase publicity facilities, organize special publicity and education activities, and popularize the knowledge of ecological environmental protection to the public. Further strengthen the supervision of news and public opinion, praise advanced models, expose illegal acts, improve the system of letters, visits, reports and hearings, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad masses of people and non-governmental organizations to participate in ecological environmental protection, and work hard to achieve the grand goal of the beautiful mountains and rivers of the motherland.

　　Tongling Social Security Center of Anhui Province actively docked with the municipal medical insurance center, and set up a "joint office" service comprehensive window for matters involving different departments such as insurance registration and social insurance relationship transfer, so as to facilitate the people to handle different matters of social security and medical insurance. The picture shows the citizens consulting about medical insurance and social security in the lobby of Tongling Municipal Service Center.

　　Photo by Pan Wei (People’s Picture)

　　At the end of April this year, Shanghai customized commercial supplementary medical insurance "Huhuibao" jointly underwritten by nine insurance companies was officially launched.

　　Photo by Wang Chu (people’s picture)

　　Hainan Supervision Bureau of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China and Hainan Provincial Medical Security Bureau launched an innovative health insurance product "Huiqiongbao" in Hainan, and participants of basic medical insurance in Hainan Province can apply for insurance online.

　　Wang Qizuo (Xinhua News Agency)

　　No age, no household registration, no occupation, and insufficient annual premium. 200 yuan … … Recently, the "Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance" jointly designed and developed by five insurance companies, namely China People’s Insurance Company, China Life Insurance Company, Taikang Insurance Company, China Pacific Insurance Company and China Ping An Company, has attracted wide attention since its launch. The data shows that in just over ten days from July 26th to August 9th, the number of participants has exceeded one million.

　　Since last year, a number of similar supplementary medical insurance products have been launched all over the country, most of which are cooperated by local government departments and commercial insurance companies, such as "Jin Huibao", "Jin Huibao", "Tian Yi Yong Ning Bao" and "Hui Rong Bao", which focus on universal characteristics and attract many consumers to participate in insurance. What are the characteristics of this kind of "inclusive insurance"? How to develop customized insurance steadily?

　　Low threshold, high upper limit and wide range

　　With the development of economy and society, people’s awareness of health and risk management has been continuously improved.

　　Recently, Wu Yao, who works in Changji, Xinjiang, intends to continue to buy "Jinhui Insurance" for his parents who are far away from their hometown in Shanxi. "I worked in Xinjiang after graduation, almost five or six years. Being far apart, I seldom have a chance to go home for a visit in a year. What worries me most is my parents’ health. With the basic medical insurance and this supplementary insurance, you don’t have to delay the diagnosis and treatment because of the cost. The annual premium in 59 yuan is not high. " Wu Yao said.

　　Whether it’s "Jinhui Insurance" or "Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance", many insured people have the same idea as Wu Yao: they don’t spend much, so they are prepared. Specifically, this kind of insurance also embodies the characteristics of inclusiveness everywhere in its design.

　　— — The threshold for participation is low. "Pratt & Whitney Insurance" breaks through many restrictions of traditional commercial insurance, does not limit age and household registration, does not require previous health status, and the premium standard can be affordable for most people. For example, "Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance" clearly covers five categories of people with specific past diseases, such as malignant tumors, liver and kidney diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and glucose and lipid metabolic diseases, and realizes "insurability and claim settlement" by increasing the deductible and reducing the proportion of compensation, without worrying about being refused insurance.

　　— — The upper limit of protection is high. Compared with the low premium, the maximum compensation limit of "inclusive insurance" is mostly above one million yuan. For example, "Jin Huibao" has an annual premium of 59 yuan, which can provide a maximum of 3 million yuan of supplementary medical insurance for the basic medical insurance insured in Shanxi Province; Tianjin’s "Jin Hui Bao" has an annual premium of 68 yuan, including 1 million yuan for hospitalization expenses and 1 million yuan for certain high drug expenses, with a maximum guarantee of 2 million yuan.

　　— — Wide coverage. For many insured people, once they get sick, whether insurance can cover more effective drugs is related to the quality of insurance products. At present, most universal insurances clearly list the reimbursable drugs in the contract. For example, in the List of Certain High-priced Drugs of Huirongbao in Sichuan, drugs such as Dacotinib Tablets for the treatment of lung cancer, Cindilizumab Injection, Vinaike pull-tab for the treatment of leukemia and Nilotinib Capsules are clearly included in the scope of protection.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of PICC China, "Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance" and other products are customized commercial medical insurance in cities, which are usually guided by the local government, closely linked with the basic medical insurance in various places by adopting the mode of "one city, one policy", and are one-year medical insurance products with Pratt & Whitney nature for all local insured people. At present, the number of insured products of "Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance" has exceeded 1.36 million.

　　"The biggest advantage of this kind of products is that they are cheap, the insurance coverage is high, and the insurance conditions are relaxed, benefiting the elderly and the sick; Its disadvantage is that the vast majority of products are one-year medical insurance, and there is no mandatory agreement to guarantee renewal. It is integrated and complementary with basic social security and traditional commercial insurance. " The person in charge said.

　　The guarantee effect has attracted much attention.

　　Are consumers willing to buy "inclusive insurance"?

　　"I have carefully read the terms of Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance, and I feel more humane than commercial insurance, which is a kind of welfare!" Qi Hang, who is studying in Peking University, said that his parents have taken the initiative to buy the local "Min Hui Bao" in Huai ‘an, Jiangsu Province, and they plan to buy this kind of universal insurance after graduation and social security. "It is necessary to invest in your health in advance while you are young and in good health."

　　However, some people are worried about the claim effect and sustainability of inclusive insurance. Li Xinxin, who is engaged in the art training industry in Chongqing, said that an insurance company had introduced "Yuhuibao" before, but he is still on the sidelines. "This kind of inclusive insurance is a new thing, and it is still uncertain about its protection effect. For example, is the claim settlement procedure troublesome? How to connect with basic medical insurance and other commercial insurance? How can insurance companies maintain their support capabilities for a long time? " Li Xinxin said.

　　It is worth noting that "inclusive insurance" is more popular among office workers. Take Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance as an example. According to the data released before, among the 1 million insured persons, the proportion of urban workers participating in insurance is as high as 78.37%, and the proportion of urban and rural residents participating in insurance is 20.57%. The demand for medical insurance for on-the-job personnel is more vigorous. From the age of participation, "post-70s" and "post-80s" are the main participants, accounting for 42.7%.

　　Zhang Ming, head of Taikang Pension Pratt & Whitney Insurance Department, told the author that up to now, Taikang Pension has carried out urban customized Pratt & Whitney insurance projects in more than 20 cities across the country, providing urban customized Pratt & Whitney insurance for more than 10 million insured persons. In the design of product liability, the high security is instigated by small premiums, and the risk of large medical expenses caused by serious and serious diseases is accurately guaranteed; In terms of risk management and control, whether it is front-end product pricing or back-end claims service, this kind of inclusive insurance needs to be closely connected with local medical insurance. "Compared with traditional commercial insurance, Pratt & Whitney insurance is a product superimposed on basic medical insurance, focusing on ‘ Pratt & Whitney ’ Two words. For example, most commercial medical insurance will require health notification, and some sick people or sub-healthy people may not meet the insurance requirements, while most patients with previous diseases of Pratt & Whitney Insurance can apply for insurance and claim compensation to achieve real popularization; Usually, the premium price of commercial medical insurance increases with age, and most inclusive insurance is the average price of young and old, and the pricing is affordable. " Zhang Ming said that with the promotion of such products, higher requirements have actually been put forward for insurance companies, which need to make more efforts in scientific pricing and refined management.

　　However, "inclusive insurance" is not all-inclusive, and there are still restrictions and thresholds for compensation, which consumers should treat rationally. Yu Baorong, a professor at the Research Center of Health Insurance and Health Economics in university of international business and economics, said that because of the low premium, the fund pool of the whole insurance is relatively limited. For example, the minimum deductible of Beijing Pratt & Whitney Health Insurance is 30,400 yuan, and the money under the deductible is for patients to pay. Therefore, this kind of insurance is more practical for patients with serious illness and high medical expenses.

　　Promote the sustainable development of inclusive insurance

　　It is understood that inclusive insurance was first launched in Shenzhen. In 2015, the Shenzhen Supplementary Medical Insurance Project for Serious and Extraordinary Diseases, which was first promoted by the Shenzhen Municipal Government and underwritten by Ping An Pension Insurance, began to operate, becoming the first city and project in China to pilot customized commercial medical insurance in cities. As of last year, the number of participants has reached 7.8 million, covering more than half of the basic medical insurance participants in Shenzhen, and the number of beneficiaries of claims has exceeded 100,000, which has become an important guarantee to prevent people from becoming poor and returning to poverty due to illness.

　　The relevant person in charge of Pratt & Whitney Insurance of Ping An Pension Insurance Co., Ltd. told the author that the original intention of Pratt & Whitney Insurance was to help the construction of local multi-level medical security system with commercial insurance and reduce the medical expenses of people with severe and special diseases. Compared with traditional commercial insurance and national social insurance, its characteristics are reflected in two aspects: first, according to the local medical insurance policy, it provides customized product protection programs to make up for the medical security gap of local residents; Second, according to the urban population structure and regional characteristics, products suitable for different cities are launched. "For example, Hainan ‘ Hui Qiongbao ’ Innovation ‘ Medical insurance+commercial insurance ’ The mechanism is of positive significance for reducing the burden of medical expenses for Hainan patients, improving the accessibility of medicines for citizens with high quality, and effectively preventing poverty due to illness and returning to poverty due to illness. "

　　However, while the universal insurance is popular, there are also phenomena of scrambling to lower prices and exaggerating publicity. On May 28th this year, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission issued the Notice of the General Office of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China on Regulating the Urban Customized Commercial Medical Insurance Business of Insurance Companies, requiring insurance companies to make a scientific and reasonable protection plan in accordance with the operating rules of commercial insurance and the principle of marketization; Standardize business development, improve management service efficiency and risk control ability. At the same time, the regulatory requirements were clarified, and violations such as vicious competition at low prices and false propaganda were investigated and dealt with, so as to maintain market order and ensure the smooth operation of the business.

　　In Baorong’s view, inclusive insurance is essentially commercial insurance, which is a product different from social insurance. Its sustainability depends on the number of participants, the level of premiums, the size of welfare packages, the scope and degree of benefits. Among them, maintaining the balance between premium income and compensation expenditure is fundamental. "At present, most of China’s inclusive health insurance products have just entered the market. Whether it is the medical insurance department, the regulatory department or the commercial insurance company, they should find their own position, clarify the boundaries and clarify their responsibilities, so that they can truly become an effective part of China’s multi-level medical security system." Yu Baorong said.

Uncle Wu was diagnosed with lung cancer some time ago. Fortunately, the course of the disease is still in the early stage, and he soon recovered and was discharged after treatment. After returning home, his wife attached great importance to Uncle Wu’s diet and searched online for various dietary patterns suitable for cancer patients.

By chance, my wife saw an article saying that sugar would promote the development of cancer, so she began to strictly control Uncle Wu’s sugar intake. This is very uncomfortable for uncle Wu, because he likes sweets himself. My wife not only doesn’t put sugar when cooking, but also doesn’t let him add sugar when drinking soybean milk.

When drinking soybean milk this morning, Uncle Wu secretly added a few spoonfuls of sugar, turned around and was found by his wife, and then was severely scolded. Uncle Wu is also very unconvinced. He thinks that his wife has read some pseudo-popular science articles. Now he will take his wife to the hospital to ask the doctor if sugar can be eaten.

01

The latest research: sugar can directly promote cancer!

Sugar is one of the condiments often eaten in life. In recent years, there are more and more debates about it. It is even said that sugar will promote the occurrence of cancer. What is going on?

There is no denying that cancer cells have a special preference for sugar. Compared with normal cells, the amount of glucose required by cancer cells for metabolism is more than 10 times that of normal cells.

Many scientific studies also show that a high-sugar diet will increase the risk of cancer. Researchers at Harvard Medical School once published a study in JAMA, which included data of 98,000 postmenopausal women and followed them for 21 years. It was found that compared with women who drank less than three sugary drinks a day, women who drank one or more sugary drinks a day had an increased risk of liver cancer by 85%.

In the past, the medical community generally believed that glucose promoted cancer by participating in various metabolic pathways, but a recent study pointed out that glucose itself is a signal molecule that can induce cancer without metabolism.

Researchers at Duke University in the United States once published a study in Cell Metabolism, which pointed out that glucose, as a single signal molecule, can directly bind to activate NSUN2, inhibit cGAS/STING pathway, promote the occurrence of cancer and increase the drug resistance of immunotherapy.

With the development of science and technology, more and more cancer treatments have entered our lives, among which the advent of PD-1 and PD-L1 immunotherapy has brought new hope to many cancer patients, but the mechanism of immune resistance against PD-1 and PD-L1 is still unclear.

The researchers further explored the therapeutic effect of targeting glucose /NSUN2/TREX2 axis, and knocked out the gene encoding NSUN2/TREX2 in breast cancer cells and prostate cancer cells which were tolerant to PD-L1 inhibitor.

The results showed that whether the gene was deleted or not, it could activate cGAS/STING pathway, thus exerting anti-cancer activity and overcoming the drug resistance of cells to PD-L1 inhibitors. In other words, targeting glucose /NSUN2/TREX2 axis is directly related to cancer development and overcoming drug resistance in immunotherapy, which may become a new idea for cancer treatment.

02

Can cancer patients still eat sugar?

The fast growth of cancer cells is related to its ability to absorb a lot of energy in glucose. As a result, many people think that eating sugar is "feeding" cancer cells. In order to prevent the disease from getting worse, I will strictly limit the sugar intake in my diet every day. Can this really stop the development of cancer?

Sugar, also known as carbohydrates, will be hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose after entering the body, then absorbed into the blood by the body, and finally entered the cells as raw materials for breathing to provide energy for the body. All cells in the body need glucose to provide energy. Without glucose, the body will have no energy source and life activities will not be normal.

Cancer cells and normal cells have different energy metabolism pathways. Cancer cells mainly use glucose to generate energy through anaerobic glycolysis, which is inefficient, which directly leads to the demand for glucose for cancer cells is much higher than that for normal cells. Therefore, many people think that cancer cells can starve to death without eating sugar.

In fact, in addition to cancer cells, normal cells also need to absorb sugar to provide energy for organs to maintain operation. Moreover, glucose is not the only source of nutrition for cancer cells. Without sugar, cancer cells will absorb a large amount of protein to produce their abilities, and even plunder the nutrients of normal cells.

So if you don’t eat sugar, not only can you not starve cancer cells, but you may starve normal cells first.

Cancer patients should learn to eat sugar instead of being unable to eat sugar. Li Ying, Department of Nutrition, xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, said that cancer patients should learn these three things when eating sugar:

Learn to read the ingredient list: read the ingredient list when buying food, and try to eat as little as possible when you see ingredients related to adding sugar, such as sweet drinks, desserts, snacks and biscuits.

The staple food should be thick and thin: compared with fine rice flour, the GI value of coarse grains is lower, and the blood sugar fluctuation after eating is smaller. Pay attention to the thick and thin collocation in daily staple food, and you can’t just eat coarse grains or flour and rice. Optional coarse grains include corn, black rice, Redmi, oats, buckwheat and other grains; Miscellaneous beans such as yellow mung beans, red beans and black beans; Tubers such as sweet potato, yam and potato.

Beware of sugar-free food: sugar-free food does not mean that it is completely sugar-free. According to the relevant standards in China, sugar content ≤ 0.5g/100g (solid) or 100ml (liquid) can be marked as sugar-free or sugar-free. Some foods without sucrose may also contain sweeteners and other sugar substitutes. Excessive intake of these sugars will also increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, which is not good for health.

03

It is these five foods that really accelerate cancer lesions.

The most fundamental cause of cancer is gene mutation, but some external factors in life can also induce the pathological changes of cancer cells. The following five foods have been listed as "first-class carcinogens" by the International Agency for Cancer of the World Health Organization, so it is best to eat less.

1. Processed meat

Processed meat is classified as a class 1 carcinogen by WHO, and daily common sausages, bacon, ham and braised pork all belong to the category of processed meat. Because there is a large amount of nitrite in processed meat, the substance is converted into nitrosamine after entering the body. Nitrosamine is a clear carcinogen, and long-term contact will increase the risk of cancer in the body.

2. Pickled food

Pickled vegetables and salted fish are the "artifacts" that many people like to eat, but the nitrite content in vegetables will increase greatly during the pickling process. Especially in vegetables preserved for 3 weeks, the nitrite content in them will reach the peak, and will gradually fall back after 30 days.

3. Moldy food

There is likely to be aflatoxin in moldy food, which has strong toxicity and carcinogenic effect. When it enters the body, it will cause abdominal pain and diarrhea, and it will cause cancer.

Once moldy food is found in daily life, such as moldy peanuts, corn, rice, fruits, bitter nuts and melon seeds, it should be discarded in time, and the moldy parts must not be removed and eaten continuously, and some parts invisible to the naked eye may also be polluted.

4. Barbecue food

When food is baked at high temperature, the fat, cholesterol and other components inside will be pyrolyzed and thermally polymerized, and then benzopyrene will be formed. Benzopyrene is a clear carcinogen, which can increase the risk of various cancers.

5. Alcohol

Alcohol itself is not a carcinogen, but the real danger is acetaldehyde formed by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase after alcohol enters the body. Acetaldehyde is a clear carcinogen, which will directly bind to DNA, induce gene mutation, and finally easily induce cancer.

For patients with cancer, it is not that they can’t eat sugar at all, but that they should eat it selectively. Maintaining a healthy dietary pattern is more critical to health.

References:

[1] Is there a new breakthrough in the carcinogenesis of glucose? ! Optimization strategy of sugar and lipid focusing on anti-tumor therapy. Yimaitong Oncology Department 2023-09-14

[2] Nutrition Science | Can cancer patients eat sugar? Department of Clinical Nutrition, Yunnan Cancer Hospital 2023-10-08

[3] Published by WHO! Seven kinds of cancer-causing bombs are hidden on the dining table in Chinese! ".Health sector 2021-10-17.

Reprinting is prohibited without the permission and authorization of the author.

Original title: "WHO publishes a list of first-class carcinogens: don’t want to provoke cancer, don’t eat five foods easily."

Read the original text

　　The day before yesterday morning, two policemen from the police station outside the Beijing West Railway Station Public Security Bureau rushed to Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, and handed 1000 yuan cash to college student Xiao Zhang and his two classmates. On the evening of August 22nd, when these three college students were preparing to go back to school after visiting Beijing, they were in a hurry to catch the train, so they got on a black motorcycle and were asked for 1000 yuan by their owners. After receiving the report from the parents of the students, the management Committee of the West Railway Station acted quickly and recovered the losses for the three college students.

　　Xiao Zhang is a student in a university in Inner Mongolia. He is a junior after school. During the summer vacation, he and two classmates came to Beijing to travel and bought tickets for returning to Hohhot from Beijing West Railway Station at 10 pm on August 22nd. Being unfamiliar with the road, the three men took the wrong subway and failed to catch the train. After hastily changing the ticket, the three talents found that the bus they were going to take did not leave at Beijing West Railway Station, but at Beijing Railway Station. At this time, there is only one hour left before the departure, and Xiao Zhang is in a hurry.

　　Where can I take a taxi? Suddenly, they heard someone shouting from the roadside: "Beijing Station, 15 yuan." Without thinking, the three men made a deal with the shouting man. But at the sight of the man’s car, their hearts were half cold. It turned out that this was a two-wheeled motorcycle, but it was too urgent to think too much about it. The three men got on the car of the man and his companions, and the three motorcycles galloped away to Beijing Station. At this point, it is already 10: 40 in the evening.

　　Halfway there, three motorcycles stopped suddenly, and the man began to talk about the price with Xiao Zhang and them, asking everyone to 350 yuan instead of 15 yuan. "They said that because they ran a red light and went retrograde, they had to add money." Xiao Zhang and others understand that they have been "slaughtered". Time was pressing, so they had to agree to the man’s request. "We don’t have that much money, let them cheaper, a person in 300 yuan. Unexpectedly, after giving it to 900 yuan, one of the men asked us for 100 yuan. "

　　After returning to Hohhot the next morning, I called the police through my parents. On August 24th, after receiving the report, the Urban Management Branch of Beijing West Railway Station quickly started to investigate. Because three college students have returned to school and are unfamiliar with the environment of the West Railway Station, it is impossible to accurately describe the location of the incident. So, the staff added their WeChat, and finally determined the boarding place of the three people through photo comparison.

　　On August 26th, all three men driving motorcycles were found. The Urban Management Branch of Beijing West Railway Station made an administrative penalty decision to confiscate three motorcycles involved in the case, and three motorcycle drivers were also detained by the public security organs.

　　The day before yesterday morning, two policemen from the police station outside Beijing West Railway Station Public Security Bureau came to Hohhot and handed 1000 yuan’s cash to three college students. Xiao Zhang told reporters: "What a surprise!" Ms. Yang, the parents of the students, also expressed her gratitude to the Beijing police and the Beijing West Railway Station Regional Management Committee. She said that she didn’t expect to recover the loss at the beginning of her call. "People also made a special trip for this matter, thank you very much."

　　The reporter learned that it is usually around 35 yuan to take a taxi from Beijing West Railway Station to Beijing Railway Station. The place where Xiao Zhang and others get on the bus is less than 20 meters away from the nearest taxi dispatching station. The Urban Management Branch of Beijing West Railway Station reminds the passengers that the mobility of personnel in the station area is large and the composition of personnel is complex. Don’t neglect the potential risks because of being in a hurry and being greedy for cheap, resulting in property losses and even personal safety injuries. When traveling, you must choose regular means of transportation.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Beijing West Railway Station Management Committee, it is the peak period for freshmen to register for admission. Various functional departments in the West Railway Station have strengthened the regulation and guidance of the order of picking up freshmen, and at the same time, more than 260 volunteers have been arranged in the West Railway Station area to provide services around the clock. If passengers encounter difficulties, they can ask the nearest staff or volunteers for help, or call 63345110 to make a complaint.

　　Our reporter Wang Qipeng