CCTV News:At present, the epidemic situation in some provinces and cities in Northeast China, Central China and East China is more severe, and at the same time, it has suffered a round of snowfall and cooling weather, which puts great pressure on the supply of vegetables and other living materials. What is the market supply situation of important vegetable distribution centers in China? Look at the reporter’s interview in Shouguang, Shandong.

Recently, seasonal vegetables in many parts of the country have gradually entered maturity. Shouguang, Shandong Province has increased the deployment of vegetable categories and arrival quantities. Every day, 3,500 tons of vegetables are newly arrived in other places, covering more than 100 varieties. In case of emergency, 1,000 tons of vegetables are mobilized to ensure supply.

Liu Binyu, Deputy General Manager of Shandong Shouguang Dili Agricultural Products Logistics Park:Actively coordinate merchants, suppliers and producing areas, and actively organize the supply of goods. The daily dynamic inventory can reach more than 10,000 tons, which can fully guarantee the supply for more than three days.

At the same time, among Shouguang’s 600,000 mu vegetable planting area, the field area exceeds 300,000 mu, and most varieties of vegetables have entered the picking season. In the packaging workshop of Donghua Vegetable Professional Cooperative, the staff are sorting and packing the five-colored peppers. It is understood that the cooperative mainly buys and sells vegetables such as colorful peppers, cucumbers, loofah, bitter gourd and eggplant, and sells them to markets and large and medium-sized supermarkets in Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

In view of the current epidemic prevention and control situation, Shouguang strictly controls the closed-loop management of goods and sales in the place of origin, and every batch of vegetables in the field must be inspected; Local vegetable cooperatives implement physical isolation to ensure the safety of vegetable trading; After the vegetables planted by the members have passed the cooperative inspection, they will arrange a special car to collect them "point to point".

Pang Dong, Chairman of Shandong Shouguang Donghua Vegetable Professional Cooperative:After the packaging boxes and vehicles are completely destroyed, the packaged vegetables are transported to the terminal market along the green channel of vegetable transportation planned by Shouguang. We have also reserved several large trucks and several drivers to ensure emergency transport capacity. While doing a good job in daily prevention and control, we will ensure sufficient supply and smooth supply and marketing.

　　BEIJING, April 29 (Zhongxin Finance Gong Hongyu) China’s cross-border transactions "de-dollarization" set a new record!

　　According to the data recently released by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of China, the proportion of RMB in foreign-related receipts and payments of China banks rose from nearly zero in 2010 to a record 48% at the end of March this year, a record high in 13 years. During the same period, the share of the US dollar dropped from 83% to 47%.

　　"The use of RMB in cross-border transactions in China surpassed that of the US dollar for the first time, which is another milestone in the process of reducing China’s dependence on the US dollar." Bloomberg reported this.

　　The international "circle of friends" of RMB is growing.

　　Since 2010, the US dollar has consistently ranked first in the currency proportion of cross-border receipts and payments in China. However, with the wave of "dollarization" in many countries around the world and China actively promoting the settlement of bilateral trade in RMB, reducing the use of US dollars is becoming a new phenomenon in cross-border transactions in China.

　　Since March this year, many countries have successively turned to RMB settlement. On April 26th, Argentine Economy Minister Felipe Massa announced that Argentina would stop using US dollars to pay for goods imported from China and use RMB instead. In early April, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar said that Malaysia’s central bank had started discussions with China so that the trade between the two countries could be settled in ringgit and RMB.

　　Earlier, on March 29th, the Brazilian government indicated that Brazil and China had reached an agreement to trade in local currency instead of using the US dollar as an intermediate currency. On March 28th, CNOOC China and Total Energy, a French company, completed the first domestic purchase transaction of imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) settled in RMB through the platform of Shanghai Oil and Gas Trading Center.

　　In fact, up to now, more than 30 countries, including Indonesia, Iran, Russia and Germany, have gradually turned to RMB for trade settlement or investment. The circle of international friends of RMB is growing, and the recognition of RMB in the world, especially in emerging economies, has greatly increased.

　　Why is the RMB "hot"?

　　"The increase in the use of the renminbi is a natural result of China’s opening of its capital account, and bonds flowing into the mainland of China and out of Hong Kong are increasing." Zhao Zhixuan, chief Asia foreign exchange and interest rate strategist of Bloomberg Industry Research, wrote in a briefing.

　　Liang Zhaoji, an economist at DBS Bank, told Bloomberg that the internationalization of RMB is accelerating as other countries seek an alternative payment currency to spread risks and the credibility of the Federal Reserve is not as good as before.

　　At present, many countries around the world have set off a wave of "dollarization". Chen Wenling, chief economist of China Center for International Economic Exchanges, told the media that the "de-dollarization" is behind the distrust of the United States and the dollar. This is not only because of their doubts about American credit and dissatisfaction with the hegemony of the US dollar, but also because of their helplessness and risk aversion. Now the dollar has become the main source of instability and uncertainty in the world economy.

　　"In the Ukrainian crisis, the United States joined forces with many countries to sanction Russia, which affected Russia’s export trade. Countries around the world saw the hegemonic behavior of the US dollar. ‘ De-dollarization ’ Currency diversification is the general trend. " Yang Delong, chief economist and fund manager of Qianhai Open Source Fund, previously told Zhongxin Finance.

　　What is the significance of exceeding the US dollar in cross-border transactions?

　　"The use of RMB in foreign-related collection and payment by banks exceeds that of US dollars, indicating that cross-border transactions in China have gradually become dominated by local currency." Wang Youxin, a senior researcher at China Bank Research Institute, mentioned.

　　Wang Chunying, deputy director and spokesperson of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, said at the press conference on April 21 that the increasing proportion of RMB in cross-border use will help reduce the risk of currency mismatch in cross-border transactions.

　　"In the past, pricing and settlement in China’s foreign trade mainly used third-party currencies, which not only increased the foreign currency risk exposure and exchange rate risk of enterprises, but also increased the difficulty of the management and operation of national foreign exchange reserves and increased the risk of cross-border capital flow fluctuations." Wang Youxin said.

　　In Wang Youxin’s view, after the gradual promotion of local currency settlement, the exchange risk of enterprises will be significantly reduced, and the risk of currency mismatch between assets and liabilities in production and operation will be significantly reduced, so enterprises can invest more resources and energy in their main business. The volatility of cross-border foreign currency flows will be reduced, the demand for RMB liquidity and asset allocation will increase, the stability of exchange rate will be improved, and RMB assets will be favored by more international investors.

　　In addition, Wang Youxin mentioned that the increased use of RMB in bilateral trade will play a leading role for other economies and market participants, and RMB cross-border settlement will be promoted in more scenarios and more countries in the future.

　　In April, the State Council, China issued the Opinions on Promoting Stable Scale and Excellent Structure of Foreign Trade, which mentioned that financial institutions should be encouraged to innovate and improve foreign exchange derivatives and cross-border RMB business, and further expand the scale of RMB settlement of cross-border trade.

　　Yang Delong believes that the further internationalization of RMB will change the state of "one currency dominating" the US dollar to a certain extent, weaken the power of the United States to manipulate the global money market, and benefit the development of non-American parents. (End)

CCTV News:November 1st is World Influenza Day. As the weather turns cold, influenza gradually enters a seasonal active period, and influenza vaccination everywhere also enters a peak period. What is the epidemic trend of influenza in China this winter and next spring? How can we do a good job of prevention and scientific response?

In a number of community health service centers in Taiyuan, Shanxi, Xiamen, Fujian and other places, citizens are being vaccinated against influenza in an orderly manner, and many of them have come with their children. According to the medical staff in Xiamen, the local influenza vaccine stocks are relatively sufficient at present, and citizens can make an appointment in advance.

According to experts, according to the monitoring situation of sentinel hospitals nationwide, at present, influenza activities in China are on the rise.

According to experts, everyone is susceptible to the flu. However, the severity of flu symptoms varies among different people.

Jiang Hongni, member of Pulmonary Angiology Group of Chinese Medical Association:Children under 5 years old, especially children under 2 years old, older people over 65 years old, some people with basic diseases, and some pregnant women are also susceptible to influenza.

According to experts, the symptoms of influenza are relatively serious, mainly manifested as high fever and systemic symptoms, including headache, muscle and joint pain all over the body; The common cold and fever last for a relatively short time, with mild systemic symptoms and rapid recovery. If you have the flu, you should seek medical treatment as soon as possible in case of critical symptoms, so as to avoid blind or inappropriate use of antibacterial drugs.

Experts remind that to prevent influenza, everyone should wear masks and get flu vaccine while improving their immunity. Due to the different strains of influenza virus every year, the influenza vaccine will be adjusted accordingly, and the influenza antibody is not effective for life, so it is recommended that the public be vaccinated again every year.

Jiang Hongni, member of Pulmonary Angiology Group of Chinese Medical Association:Only a few people are not suitable for vaccination, such as very obvious allergic symptoms, especially those who have been vaccinated before, and there are diseases with this immune system. In addition, if the patient has a fever recently or has been vaccinated with other vaccines in the last month, vaccination can be suspended.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 19th Title: Five groups of keywords to understand the overall strategy of the party to solve the Taiwan Province issue in the new era

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Zhao Danping, Zhao Bo, Alex Chen and Xu Xueyi.

　　The sea and sky are vast, and the tides rise and fall. Shallow Bay Strait, after the changes of the cross-strait situation, has entrusted countless children with homesickness. What kind of cross-strait relations do we expect when we step into the threshold of 2022? The future starts from the present. What kind of ideal home should we leave for future generations?

　　The development of cross-strait relations shows us that the motherland must and must be unified, which is an inevitable requirement for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the new era. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has stood at the strategic height of the overall development of the cause of the Party and the country and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, keenly observed the situation at home and abroad and the changes in the situation in the Taiwan Strait, profoundly summed up the major policies and practices of the central authorities on Taiwan, put forward a series of important ideas and major policy propositions on Taiwan’s work, and formed the party’s overall strategy for solving the Taiwan Province issue in the new era.

　　What is the profound meaning of the Party’s general plan to solve the Taiwan Province problem in the new era? What can Taiwan Province compatriots gain from this? Will the vital interests be damaged? The following five groups of keywords take you to think rationally.

　　National unity and national rejuvenation

　　The emergence and evolution of the Taiwan Province issue is closely related to the fate of the Chinese nation since modern times. China was poor and weak in modern times, and Taiwan Province was occupied by foreigners for half a century. The continuation of the civil war led to cross-strait confrontation across the sea, and the separation of brothers and sisters left a painful heart for compatriots on both sides of the strait.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly made important expositions on realizing the complete reunification of the motherland. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated "Persistence ‘ One country, two systems ’ And promote the reunification of the motherland "into the basic strategy of upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　"National rejuvenation and national reunification are the general trend, the great righteousness and the will of the people." "The vast number of Taiwan Province compatriots are all members of the Chinese nation. We should be upright Chinese, seriously think about Taiwan Province’s position and role in national rejuvenation, and take promoting the complete reunification of the country and seeking common national rejuvenation as a glorious cause." On January 2, 2019, on the 40th anniversary of the publication of the Letter to Taiwan Province Compatriots, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech, comprehensively expounding the major policy propositions of promoting the peaceful reunification of the motherland in the great journey of national rejuvenation based on the new era.

　　On January 2, 2019, the 40th anniversary of the publication of the Letter to Taiwan Province Compatriots was held in the Great Hall of the People. Xinhua News Agency reporter Shen Hongshe

　　"Promoting the complete reunification of the country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is undoubtedly the core of the party’s overall strategy for solving the Taiwan Province issue in the new era." Wang Yingjin, director and professor of the Research Center for Cross-Strait Relations of Renmin University of China, said that this is a complete ideological system, with the people as the center, peaceful talks as the means, ending political opposition to achieve reunification, the rule of law as the guarantee, "one country, two systems" as the unified framework, and national rejuvenation as the ultimate goal, to plan the process of national reunification and improve relevant systems and mechanisms.

　　“台湾问题因民族弱乱而产生，必将随着民族复兴而解决。”最高领袖总书记的郑重宣示，让定居上海的91岁台胞庄传鸿深受感动。出生于台湾台南的庄传鸿，因父亲不堪忍受日本殖民统治，1938年一家四口移居上海。因两岸长达数十载的隔绝，直到上世纪90年代初，他才得以重访暌违已久的故乡。

　　“我已经90多岁了，可还想为祖国早日统一多出点力。”庄传鸿说，台南家乡还有堂姐堂兄等很多亲人，大家都盼着两岸能早日实现真正意义上的“团圆”，共同实现中华民族伟大复兴。

　　结束政治对立、实现持久和平

　　由于内战延续和外部势力干涉，自1949年以来，海峡两岸陷入长期政治对立。数十年“冰封”与隔绝，在两岸同胞心中留下难以愈合的伤痛，“解放台湾”和“光复大陆”曾分别是两岸流行的政治口号。

　　Different systems are not obstacles to reunification, let alone excuses for division. "The long-standing political differences between the two sides of the strait are the general root that affects the stability and far-reaching cross-strait relations, and they can never be passed down from generation to generation." Three years ago, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader issued a sincere appeal, "We are willing to conduct dialogue and communication with all parties, groups and people in Taiwan Province on cross-strait political issues and related issues in promoting the peaceful reunification of the motherland, extensively exchange views, seek social consensus and promote political negotiations."

　　According to Liu Guoshen, director of the Collaborative Innovation Center for Peaceful Development of Cross-Strait Relations, "peaceful reunification and one country, two systems" is the best way to achieve national reunification, which not only takes into account the practical interests of Taiwan Province people, but also takes into account the political requirements of the Taiwan Province authorities, and embodies the long-term interests of the Chinese nation and the overall interests of the country. "This is the wisdom of Chinese on both sides of the strait and the blessing of the people on both sides of the strait."

　　On June 27, 2017, tourists visited the Qingjing high-altitude landscape trail in Nantou County, Taiwan Province. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Junxi photo

　　On the premise of ensuring national sovereignty, security and development interests, after peaceful reunification, Taiwan Province compatriots’ social system and lifestyle will be fully respected, Taiwan Province compatriots’ private property, religious beliefs and legitimate rights and interests will be fully guaranteed, people’s livelihood will be fully improved, and Taiwan Province’s fiscal revenue can be used to improve people’s livelihood.

　　"I have come into contact with many young people in Taiwan Province on both sides of the strait. It is obvious that some people shout against ‘ One country, two systems ’ , you ask him ‘ One country, two systems ’ What is the content, but I can’t basically answer it. " Zhang Liqi, a young Taiwanese teacher at Huaqiao University, said that we should help Taiwan Province compatriots get rid of the monopoly of green media on the island and truly understand the connotation of "one country, two systems".

　　To this end, Zhang Liqi and his friends set up the WeChat WeChat official account, which shares fresh mainland information and comments on hot cross-strait news. "I hope that more Taiwan Province compatriots can see the mainland’s freedom, openness and institutional advantages and help them understand ‘ One country, two systems ’ Understanding democratic consultation is to let the people of Taiwan Province give their opinions. "

　　Hope for the people of Taiwan Province and oppose the "Taiwan independence" split.

　　"We welcome more Taiwan Province compatriots to participate in the promotion of the peaceful development of cross-strait relations. Let’s work together, come up with ideas and find ways, gather more wisdom and strength, consolidate and expand the development achievements of cross-strait relations, and make the peaceful development of cross-strait relations an irresistible historical trend, so that the vast number of Taiwan Province compatriots, especially grassroots people, can enjoy more benefits brought by the peaceful development of cross-strait relations." When meeting Lien Chan, honorary chairman of China Kuomintang, and his party in 2014, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader sent such a deep message.

　　It is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s consistent policy to place hope on the people of Taiwan Province. In recent years, the mainland has adhered to the people-centered development thought and the concept of "one family on both sides of the strait", and has issued a series of policies and measures that are conducive to winning the hearts of the people, and achieved remarkable results, vividly interpreting the practical strength of the party’s overall strategy for solving the Taiwan Province issue in the new era.

　　Wang Kunyi, chairman of the Taiwan Province Institute of Strategic Studies and a professor at Tamkang University, believes that the mainland has always adhered to the principled position of the "1992 Consensus" and has always insisted on promoting cross-strait non-governmental exchanges and cooperation, seeking the well-being of Taiwan Province compatriots and placing hopes on the people of Taiwan Province. This is an unchanging goodwill and sincerity. "This is beyond the rotation of political parties on the island."

　　In 2014, college and middle school students in Taiwan Province supported textbooks and opposed the "Taiwan independence" historical view to set things right. Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Yuhua photo

　　Since the Democratic Progressive Party authorities came to power in 2016, they have linked with external forces, relied on foreign self-respect, frantically sought "independence" and provoked troubles, causing tension and turmoil in cross-strait relations and posing a great threat to peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.

　　“‘ Taiwan independence ’ Splitting is the biggest obstacle to the reunification of the motherland and a serious hidden danger of national rejuvenation. " "Anyone who forgets his ancestors, betrays the motherland and splits the country will never come to a good end and will be spurned by the people and judged by history!" "If ‘ Taiwan independence ’ The separatist forces provoke persecution and even break through the red line, and we will have to take drastic measures. " … …

　　In the face of the separatist activities of "Taiwan independence" and the sinister intention of the United States and other external forces to "control China with Taiwan", the Supreme Leader General Secretary has made solemn declarations many times.

　　"Objection ‘ Taiwan independence ’ It is the meaning of the party’s overall strategy for solving the Taiwan Province issue in the new era. " Zhu Songling, a professor at Taiwan Province Research Institute of Beijing Union University, said that the inevitable reunification of the motherland and the fate of the "Taiwan independence" were determined by the development trend of cross-strait relations and the historical process of national rejuvenation, which was an irreversible historical trend.

　　Integrated development and common market

　　"Cross-strait economic and trade relations have grown from scratch, and now they are booming, and there are various policies to benefit Taiwan. This is the best era for Taiwanese businessmen to develop in the mainland." Wu Jiaying, president of Xiamen Taiwanese Business Association, who has been rooted in the mainland for nearly 30 years, said, "Digital economy, new infrastructure construction and green development are all important directions for the future economic development of the mainland. We must seize business opportunities."

　　Scenes of hopeful scenes and stories of struggle hand in hand, under the guidance of the Party’s overall strategy of solving the Taiwan Province issue in the new era, the mainland unswervingly took the lead in sharing development opportunities with Taiwan Province compatriots, providing equal treatment for Taiwan compatriots and enterprises, continuously expanding cross-strait economic and trade cooperation, and playing a magnificent movement of cross-strait integration and development.

　　Brothers are United, and their profits are broken. For deepening cross-strait integration and development, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always been mindful of this.

　　From proposing to deepen the cross-strait integration and development, consolidating the foundation of peaceful reunification, to asking Fujian to explore a new way of cross-strait integration and development, and strive to build Fujian into the first home for Taiwan compatriots and enterprises to land, and then emphasizing the need to promote integration through communication, benefit and emotion when visiting Fujian in 2021, and bravely exploring a new way of cross-strait integration and development … …

　　Optimistic about the new opportunities in the 14th Five-Year Plan, Taiwanese businessmen in Xiamen continue to increase capital and expand production. This is the foundation stone laying ceremony of the expansion project of Jianlin home kitchen and bathroom product line filmed in Jimei, Xiamen on January 12, 2021. Xinhua News Agency reporter Fu Minshe

　　Time and time again, I have a strong heart and a systematic exposition. The major policy proposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on deepening cross-strait integration and development has been continuously improved in practice. "Deepen cross-strait integration and development", "Strengthen cross-strait industrial cooperation, build a cross-strait common market, and expand the Chinese national economy" and "Support Taiwanese businessmen and enterprises to participate ‘ Belt and Road ’ The strategy of construction and coordinated national and regional development has been written into the 14 th Five-Year Plan and has become an important program and action guide for promoting the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and deepening cross-strait cooperation in the new stage of development.

　　"From Taiwan compatriots enjoying the same treatment as medical insurance and buying houses, to allowing Taiwan enterprises to participate in new infrastructure and support Taiwan enterprises to go public, the policies and measures have become more specific and delicate, which makes us feel more warm at home." Wu Jiaying said that the continuous implementation of measures to benefit Taiwan and benefit the people has created a better environment for Taiwan compatriots to land for study, employment, entrepreneurship and life.

　　Cultural inheritance and spiritual harmony

　　"The soul of the country, the text is transformed, and the text is cast." Chinese traditional culture is the common spiritual root and destination of compatriots on both sides of the strait. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that the family members of compatriots on both sides of the strait are rooted in the common blood and spirit of compatriots and in our common history and culture.

　　"Promote compatriots on both sides of the strait to jointly promote Chinese culture and promote spiritual harmony." "The intersection of people is your intimate." "Between relatives, there is no knot that cannot be untied. For a long time, it will surely achieve the spiritual harmony of compatriots on both sides of the strait. " … …

　　The words of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, such as spring breeze and rain, contain profound thoughts on the reunification of the motherland.

　　After the resumption of cross-strait exchanges, Jiang Mingxian, the first Taiwan Province painter who "landed" and held a solo exhibition, was nearly eighty years old. There were countless masterpieces in his life, but he only printed the work "New Fuchun Shan Jutu" with mainland painters on his business card.

　　"It is of great significance for painters on both sides of the strait to cooperate in a painting, which fully embodies the spirit of modesty and tolerance of Chinese culture and is the best footnote for the same language and species on both sides of the strait." Jiang Mingxian said that both sides of the strait are Chinese. Taiwan Province people have been baptized by Chinese culture since childhood, from living habits, treating people with things to traditional customs such as ancestor worship at Qingming Festival, all of which reflect cultural inheritance. "Taiwan Province people should be proud of having Chinese culture."

　　On September 19th, 2020, the Cross-Strait Chinese Character Culture and Art Festival opened in Taipei. Xinhua News Agency reporter Jin Liwang photo

　　Hold the cross-strait Chinese character culture and art festival, carry out the "Taiwan Province Youth Chinese Traditional Culture Heritage Plan" and realize cross-strait cultural relics protection cooperation … … The sea is separated from the history of the two sides of the strait, and the blood of brothers and sisters is separated. The common blood of Chinese culture cannot be broken by any external force.

　　Cultural identity is the foundation of spiritual harmony, and it also paints a bright "bright color" of the Party’s overall strategy to solve the Taiwan Province issue in the new era. Whether it is cultural exchange or social integration, it is basically to promote the spiritual harmony of compatriots on both sides of the strait and enhance the well-being and interests of compatriots on both sides of the strait. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, everything we have done to promote cross-strait relations is to realize the yearning of compatriots on both sides of the strait for a better life.

　　Join forces to know Yu Li, and go to Cang Ying together. Looking ahead, we are more qualified, emboldened and capable of accomplishing the great cause of the reunification of the motherland. Under the guidance of the Party’s general plan to solve the Taiwan Province issue in the new era, compatriots on both sides of the strait will join hands, work together, unite and move forward, and will certainly create a great rejuvenation and bright future for the Chinese nation!

CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue six early warnings on February 21, and it is expected that the large-scale rain, snow and freezing weather in the central and eastern regions will continue on February 21 and enter the strongest period of rain and snow.

According to reports, as of noon on the 21 ST, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued six warnings for the third consecutive day, which is extremely rare in the same period. Among them, the orange warning of cold wave is the highest level, and the warning of blizzard is upgraded from the 20th to yellow. Weather such as freezing rain or ice particles may affect at least seven provinces. With the unusually strong warm and humid airflow, it is easy to induce strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and short-term heavy rainfall. This year, the blue warning of strong convective weather was released obviously early, and the subsequent cooling mainly appeared in the south.

Li Ning, a meteorologist from China Meteorological Bureau, explained that the cumulative temperature drop in some parts of southern China will reach or even exceed 20 degrees Celsius. After the temperature drop, there will be frequent rain and snow, which will lead to the continuous significant low temperature in Henan, Hubei, Hunan and other places. The main duration is from 23rd to 27th, so we should pay attention to keeping warm. In addition, the yellow warning of blizzard will continue to take effect on February 21, and some areas in Shandong, Henan and Hubei will continue to encounter heavy snowstorms. On the south side of the blizzard area, at least seven provinces from Guizhou to Jiangsu will be threatened by freezing weather, among which the freezing rain in Hubei and Hunan will last longer, so we must be vigilant.

In addition to the snowstorm and freezing weather, we can see that the weather changes very frequently in the next six days, such as Wuhan and Changsha. In the next five or six days, it will almost be rainy and snowy every day. Changsha has the longest freezing rain, and Wuhan will also have such complicated precipitation phases as freezing rain, snowfall and rainfall after heavy snowfall.

Experts said that among many forms of precipitation, ice particles and freezing rain are relatively rare, which is related to the thickness of the warm layer in the air. When ice crystals and snowflakes in the high air pass through the warm layer, they will melt. If they re-freeze before reaching the ground, they will fall to the ground as ice particles. When cold water drops at about 0 degrees meet the ground at about 0 degrees, they will quickly freeze and form freezing rain, which is the main cause.

According to the weather situation, Li Ning, a meteorologist of China Meteorological Bureau, said that freezing rain will quickly freeze after it falls to the ground, and with the freezing rain continuing, the thickness of ground ice will continue to increase, which has a greater impact on traffic. In addition to the impact on road traffic travel, it will also cause the wires to be covered with ice, so the impact of freezing rain is even greater for high-speed rail travel and air travel.

Emergency Management Department: Hubei, Henan and Anhui launched a four-level emergency response to low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters.

In view of the wide influence of the large-scale freezing process of rain and snow, the complex phase of rain and snow and the large area of freezing rain, the emergency management department launched a four-level emergency response to low-temperature freezing rain and snow disasters in Anhui, Henan and Hubei yesterday (20th).

On February 20th, the Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee and the Emergency Management Department, together with the China Meteorological Bureau, continued to organize joint consultations, video dispatching Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei and other provinces, and targeted deployment of prevention and response work in key areas.

At present, it is at the peak of Spring Festival travel rush’s return trip, and the risk of low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters is high. At 12: 00 on February 20th, the emergency management department launched a four-level emergency response for Anhui, Henan and Hubei. Relevant regions are required to pay close attention to weather changes, strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination, give play to the leading role of disaster reduction committees or special command agencies, strengthen joint consultation, judgment and departmental coordination, strengthen emergency rescue forces and materials preset and dispatched, make all preparations for disaster relief in advance, and make every effort to deal with sudden dangers and disasters. The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee sent working groups to Henan, Anhui and Hubei to help guide the prevention and response work.

No.22 [2001] of Guangdong Government Office

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Forwarding the State Council General Office to the State Council Economic Restructuring Office and other departments.

Notice on rectifying and standardizing the opinions of the pharmaceutical market

　　

People’s governments of cities, counties and autonomous counties, and relevant units directly under the provincial capital:

　　Now, with the consent of the provincial people’s government, we will forward the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Forwarding the Opinions of the State Council Economic Restructuring Office and other departments on rectifying and standardizing the drug market (No.17 [2001] of the State Council, hereinafter referred to as the Notice) to you, and now we put forward the following opinions, please implement them together.

　　First, rectifying and standardizing the drug market is an important measure to standardize the drug circulation order and promote the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry. People’s governments at all levels and relevant departments should strictly follow the spirit of the the State Council Notice and the arrangements of the provincial party committee and government for rectifying the market economic order, intensify the rectification of the pharmaceutical market, and severely crack down on illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling counterfeit and inferior drugs. Governments at all levels should be serious and responsible, resolutely oppose all forms of local protectionism, take practical and effective measures, strengthen supervision of the drug market in their respective jurisdictions, and investigate and deal with all kinds of illegal and illegal drug trading.

　　Two, all levels of health, price, economy and trade, drug supervision, Chinese medicine and other departments should improve the centralized bidding and purchasing system of drugs, and strengthen the supervision of drug bidding and purchasing behavior and price. This year, the main drug varieties of medical institutions at or above the county level in the province should be fully purchased by centralized bidding, and the bidding volume of drugs should reach more than 50% of the usage. On the premise of not exceeding the maximum retail price stipulated by the government, the winning drugs can be priced according to the difference rate stipulated by the bid price; Most of the benefits of reducing drug prices through bidding procurement should benefit patients. All relevant departments should strive to improve the transparency of drug prices. For drugs with market-regulated prices, it is necessary to gradually print retail prices on drug packaging, so as to clearly mark prices. Resolutely crack down on indiscriminate price increases or low-price dumping, maintain normal drug price order, and effectively protect the vital interests of the people.

　　Three, all localities should combine this year to carry out the "anti misleading, false" advertising market governance special action, comprehensively rectify the drug advertising market order. Focus on the control of illegal, illegal, unscientific, exaggerated efficacy, deceiving consumers; Severely punish acts that interfere with people’s rational and safe use of drugs, and standardize the release order of drug advertisements. Those who publish false drug advertisements after investigation shall be punished according to law.

　　Four, rectify and standardize the drug market is an important work related to people’s health and social stability and development. Governments at all levels and relevant departments should, in combination with the actual situation of their own departments in the region, pay close attention to formulating implementation plans to ensure that all measures to rectify and standardize the drug market are implemented.

General Office of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government

April 19th, 2001

General Office of the State Council forwarded the State Council Economic Restructuring Office and other departments.

Notice on rectifying and standardizing the opinions of the pharmaceutical market

Guo Ban Fa [2001] No.17

　　

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

　　The State Council Economic Restructuring Office, the State Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Health, the State Drug Administration and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce "Opinions on Rectifying and Regulating the Drug Market" have been approved by the State Council, and are hereby forwarded to you, please implement them carefully.

General Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

March 10, 2001

Opinions on rectifying and standardizing the pharmaceutical market

The State Council Economic Restructuring Office, State Planning Commission and State Economic and Trade Commission

Ministry of Health, State Drug Administration and State Administration for Industry and Commerce

(January 19th, 2001)

　　In order to further implement the spirit of the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Forwarding the Guiding Opinions of the State Council Economic Restructuring Office and Other Departments on the Reform of Urban Medical and Health System (No.16 [2000] of Guo Ban Fa), deepen the reform of pharmaceutical production and circulation system, promote the transformation of functions of relevant government departments, strengthen supervision, treat both the symptoms and root causes, intensify the rectification of the pharmaceutical market, standardize the order of the pharmaceutical market, and promote the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry, we hereby put forward the following opinions:

　　First, crack down on illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling counterfeit and inferior drugs.

　　All regions and relevant departments should continue to crack down on the illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and inferior drugs on the basis of conscientiously implementing the notice of the State Council on launching joint action to crack down on illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and inferior commodities (Guo Fa [2000] No.32). For major and important cases of manufacturing and selling fake and inferior drugs that have been discovered, drug supervision, public security, industrial and commercial administration, supervision and other departments should trace back to the source, thoroughly identify manufacturing and selling dens, circulation channels, storage places, sales places and people involved, eliminate the root causes of manufacturing and selling fake and inferior drugs, resolutely punish criminals and disciplinary personnel, and especially punish the chief criminals and recidivists who manufacture and sell fake and inferior drugs and constitute crimes quickly and severely according to law. Drug supervision and other departments should adhere to the combination of centralized rectification and strengthening daily supervision, strengthen market supervision and deepen reform, combine counterfeiting with supporting excellent enterprises, improve the drug quality supervision system and inspection system, and purify the drug market environment.

　　Two, the rectification of all kinds of illegal and illegal drug business behavior.

　　It is necessary to take practical and effective measures to comprehensively strengthen the management of drug market access, rectify all kinds of illegal and illegal drug sales, ban unlicensed drug sales and illegal transactions, and investigate and deal with giving and receiving kickbacks and other commercial bribery in drug purchase and sale activities. In the work of banning drug markets, it is necessary to implement the responsibility system of local governments and resolutely oppose various forms of local protectionism. Relevant parties should unify their thinking, cooperate with each other, consolidate the achievements of rectifying the pharmaceutical market, and properly handle the aftermath. If the banned illegal drug trading market turns dark or resurfaces, it should continue to be severely cracked down and severely punished. If the problem is serious, the relevant localities, departments and their responsible persons should be held accountable.

　　Three, strictly implement the drug management system of separating government from enterprise.

　　Drug supervision and other relevant departments shall, in accordance with the requirements of the Notice of the State Council on Approving the Reform Plan of Drug Supervision and Management System in National Medical Products Administration (Guo Fa [2000] No.10), follow the principle of separating government from enterprises, separating supervision and law enforcement from industry management functions, highlighting supervision and management, being unified and efficient, and being consistent in responsibilities and rights, speed up the reform of drug supervision and management system and improve the drug supervision and management system. Drug supervision and other departments should be completely decoupled from their affiliated pharmaceutical companies or pharmaceutical institutions affiliated in various forms and names, and should not maintain economic interests with any pharmaceutical institutions. In the development of pharmaceutical industry and enterprises, we should support and play the role of industry self-regulatory organizations.

　　Four, promote the development and alliance of superior pharmaceutical enterprises.

　　Resolutely break departmental or local monopolies, ownership restrictions and administrative protection that hinder fair competition, adjust policies and regulations that are not conducive to giving full play to the positive role of market mechanisms, establish a drug quality management monitoring system organized by relevant state departments, cancel repeated testing, repeated examination and approval, and repeated issuance of "quasi-sales licenses" for pharmaceutical enterprises in various places, and cancel restrictions on pharmaceutical enterprises in other regions from entering the local drug market in the name of filing and registration. We should give full play to the role of market mechanism and optimize the structure of pharmaceutical industry. It is necessary to create an environment of fair competition, support superior pharmaceutical enterprises to expand their business scale through acquisitions and mergers, promote the development of marketing methods such as drug agency distribution and chain operation, and form a number of cross-regional, large-scale, intensive and high-level pharmaceutical enterprise groups to play a key role in drug production and circulation.

　　Five, reverse the situation of low-level duplication of drug production.

　　Local people’s governments at all levels should make up their minds to rectify small pharmaceutical factories and shut down a number of small pharmaceutical factories that pollute the environment, waste resources, do not conform to industrial policies and industry development plans, have low-level redundant construction, fail to meet GMP standards for pharmaceutical production enterprises or fail to operate normally. Drug regulatory authorities should clean up and rectify the hospital preparation room, and hospitals that can normally supply preparations in the market shall not repeat production, and hospitals that do not have preparation conditions shall not be renewed.

　　Six, clean up and rectify the drug circulation enterprises

　　Cleaning up and rectifying drug circulation enterprises should be combined with the work of drug business renewal. Drug circulation enterprises that have an imperfect quality assurance system, irregular business practices and fail to meet the conditions for renewal shall not be renewed; Drug circulation enterprises that are insolvent, on the verge of bankruptcy, or fail to meet the quality management standards (GSP) for drug business within a certain period of time will be resolutely disqualified; Drug circulation enterprises that cannot operate drugs normally and mainly rely on renting office buildings, warehouses and other properties to survive should be rectified, and those that engage in illegal investment operations should be investigated and punished according to law until their drug business licenses are revoked.

　　Seven, improve the centralized bidding system of drugs.

　　The health department should standardize the management of drug use in medical institutions, expand the varieties of drugs purchased by centralized bidding, and gradually bring the main drug varieties into the scope of centralized bidding and purchasing. Strict examination and management should be carried out on important links in drug procurement by tender, such as bid evaluation methods and the composition of expert database for the whole society, so as to ensure the openness, fairness and impartiality of drug procurement by tender. Health, drug supervision, price authorities and other departments should supervise the bidding and purchasing behavior and price of drugs. The retail price of drugs purchased by bidding should be reasonably set based on the actual purchase price. The benefits of reducing drug prices through bidding should mainly benefit patients, and medical institutions can share a certain proportion.

　　Eight, promote the electronic trading of medical commodities.

　　Establish and improve the electronic trading system of medical commodities certified, supervised and managed by relevant government departments, actively promote the electronic trading of medical commodities, give full play to the role of electronic trading system as a bridge between drug production, circulation and consumption, communicate information in time, realize fast trading, and use this system to entrust centralized bidding and purchasing of medical commodities, bring trading behavior into a standardized and open track, and correct unhealthy trends in the purchase and sale of medical commodities from the system.

　　Nine, strengthen the construction of rural drug supply network

　　It is necessary to effectively solve the problem of lack of regular and stable drug supply channels in the vast rural areas and strengthen the construction of rural drug supply networks. Encourage large and medium-sized pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises to merge with small pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises, extend the sales network to the county level, and develop rural drug sales outlets to facilitate farmers to purchase drugs. Promote centralized bidding and purchasing drugs through rural health service network. In remote areas, rural health service management can also be integrated, and township hospitals can purchase drugs for rural doctors in a unified way to prevent counterfeit and inferior drugs from flowing to rural areas and ensure the safety of farmers’ medication.

　　Ten, the implementation of separate accounting and management of medicine.

　　Health departments and medical institutions at all levels should actively implement the policies and measures of separate accounting and management of medicines, and strictly implement the relevant provisions on the management of two lines of revenue and expenditure. On the basis of standardizing financial subsidies and adjusting the price of medical services, the outpatient pharmacy of medical institutions will be gradually changed into a pharmaceutical retail enterprise, with independent accounting and tax payment according to regulations, and equal competition with social retail pharmacies will promote the socialization, specialization and intensification of drug circulation, improve efficiency and reduce costs.

　　Community health organizations, outpatient departments and individual clinics can only distribute commonly used and first-aid drugs approved by provincial health and drug supervision departments. Health and drug supervision departments should pay close attention to formulating the catalogue of commonly used and first-aid drugs and related management measures, and implement the above measures as soon as possible at the grassroots level.

　　Eleven, accelerate the implementation of the classified management system of prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs.

　　Drug supervision and other departments should actively cooperate, improve policies, standardize and manage the sales of prescription drugs as soon as possible. On the basis of ensuring safety and effectiveness, in order to meet the needs of people’s self-care, speed up the selection of over-the-counter drugs and expand the circulation channels of over-the-counter drugs. Class B OTC drugs can be sold in retail stores of daily necessities upon approval.

　　Twelve, improve the management of new drug research and approval.

　　It is necessary to revise the standards of new drugs and encourage the research and innovation of new drugs. If the technical content is not high and the research and production are repeated at a low level, the drug regulatory authorities should strictly check and not approve the production. Those who resort to deceit in the approval of new drugs should be dealt with severely according to law. The policies and regulations, working procedures and time limits of new drug approval management should be open to the public and subject to social supervision.

　　Thirteen, increase the intensity of drug price supervision.

　　Gradually implement the system of drug price publicity and the system of printing retail prices on drug packaging, and increase the supervision of drug prices. This work starts with some drugs with market-regulated prices and is gradually extended to all kinds of drugs sold in China. It is necessary to make it clear that the price stipulated by the state is the highest price limit, and to retail drugs in hospitals or pharmacies, it is allowed to sell or print the price below but not above the public price.

　　Fourteen, strengthen the supervision and management of drug advertising.

　　Drug regulatory authorities at all levels and administrative departments for industry and commerce should conscientiously implement the spirit of the Notice of the State Drug Administration and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on Strengthening the Examination and Management of Prescription Drug Advertisements (No.14 [2001] of the State Administration of Medicine) and gradually stop advertising prescription drugs in the mass media. Drug regulatory authorities should strictly examine all kinds of drug advertisements in accordance with the relevant provisions, and supervise and inspect their daily publication and broadcasting. If illegal or illegal drug advertisements are found, they should take timely measures to deal with them accordingly. The administrative department for industry and commerce should intensify the investigation and punishment of illegal and illegal drug advertisements, and effectively regulate the release order of drug advertisements.

　　Fifteen, comprehensively implement the measures to rectify and standardize the drug market.

　　Rectifying and standardizing the pharmaceutical market is related to the vital interests of the broad masses of the people, to the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry and health undertakings, and to the overall situation of reform, opening up and stability. All regions and relevant departments should attach great importance to it, strengthen leadership, unify their thinking, raise awareness, overcome local and departmental departmentalism, and comprehensively use legal, economic, administrative and public opinion means in a spirit of being highly responsible to the country and the people to conscientiously rectify and standardize the drug market.

　　All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, in accordance with the above opinions and in combination with the actual situation in the region, pay close attention to formulating implementation plans, make careful arrangements and organize them carefully to ensure that all measures to rectify and standardize the drug market are implemented. The relevant departments of the State Council will timely supervise and inspect the implementation of this opinion in various regions.

　　Cctv newsOn January 30th, News Network reported that the development of China’s cultural enterprises continued to pick up and improve, and the water resources allocation project in the Pearl River Delta was connected to the whole line. At the same time, the environment of China’s state-owned enterprises continued to be optimized and improved, and the ability of foreign trade enterprises to enjoy export benefits continued to improve, and the preparations for the second chain Expo were promoted in an orderly manner … … The market’s "magnetic attraction" to foreign investment will become stronger and stronger, and the fundamentals of China’s economic stability and long-term improvement have not changed.

　　The development of China’s cultural enterprises continues to pick up.

　　On January 30th, the National Bureau of Statistics announced that in 2023, the operating income of cultural and related industries enterprises above designated size nationwide reached 12,951.5 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2% over the previous year, and the development of cultural enterprises continued to pick up.

　　In 2023, the country started to renovate 53,700 old urban communities.

　　According to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, in 2023, 53,700 old urban communities were renovated nationwide, benefiting 8.97 million households, with a total investment of nearly 240 billion yuan.

　　The whole line of water resources allocation project in Pearl River Delta is connected with water.

　　On January 30th, the Pearl River Delta water resources allocation project, a major national water conservancy project and a national water network backbone project, was put into operation. With a total length of 113.2 kilometers, the project can deliver 1.708 billion cubic meters of water to Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area every year, benefiting more than 32 million people along the route, solving the water shortage problem in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan and other places, and building a multi-water source guarantee system in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

　　The business environment in China has been continuously optimized and improved.

　　On January 30th, 2023 China Business Environment Research Report released by China Council for the Promotion of International Trade showed that in 2023, nearly 90% of the enterprises surveyed rated the business environment in China as "satisfactory" or above, and the business environment in China continued to be optimized and improved.

　　This shows that the fundamentals of China’s economic stability and long-term improvement have not changed, and the "magnetic attraction" of China market to foreign investment will become stronger and stronger.

　　The ability of China’s foreign trade enterprises to enjoy export benefits has been continuously improved.

　　In 2023, the national trade promotion system issued a total of 6,210,200 certificates of origin, ATA documents and commercial certificates, an increase of 16.05% over the previous year. Among them, the preferential certificate of origin visa amount of the national trade promotion system totaled 65.152 billion US dollars, an increase of 7.07% over the same period of last year; The number of visas totaled 1,676,900, a year-on-year increase of 21.54%.

　　The number of preferential certificates of origin visas has increased steadily, which shows that with the gradual emergence of the effects of stabilizing foreign trade policies such as increasing the implementation and promotion of free trade agreements in China, the ability and level of Chinese foreign trade enterprises to enjoy export benefits have also been continuously improved.

　　China International Import Expo(CIIE): The contracted exhibition area of the enterprise business exhibition has exceeded 180,000 square meters.

　　According to the presentation of the 7th China International Import Expo(CIIE) Consumer Goods Exhibition Area, the 7th China International Import Expo(CIIE) will be held in Shanghai from November 5th to 10th this year.

　　Up to now, the contracted exhibition area of the enterprise business exhibition has exceeded 180,000 square meters. Among them, the consumer goods exhibition area will focus on the achievements of enterprises in green and sustainable development, innovative products and services, cross-border cooperation and integration, personalized customization and intelligent technology with the theme of "sharing quality life and creating a better lifestyle" to meet people’s growing needs for a better life.

　　Chain Expo: More than 90 Chinese and foreign enterprises signed letters of intent for participation.

　　It is understood that the second China International Supply Chain Promotion Expo will be held from November 26th to 30th this year. At present, the preparatory work is progressing in an orderly manner, more than 100 enterprises have expressed their willingness to participate in the exhibition, and more than 90 Chinese and foreign enterprises have signed letters of intent for participation.

　　China’s largest multifunctional rescue boat in the deep sea is put into use.

　　On January 30th, Nanhai Rescue 103, a powerful and multifunctional comprehensive rescue boat designed and built by China, was compiled into Nanhai Rescue Bureau of the Ministry of Transport and officially put into use. The ship can carry out rescue under harsh sea conditions and complex meteorological conditions, filling the gap in China’s comprehensive search and rescue capability in the deep sea.

　　Department 12: Strengthen the construction of the aged care service talent team.

　　On January 30th, according to the press conference of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, 12 departments recently issued "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Talent Team for Aged Care Services". This is the first comprehensive policy document on the construction of aged care service talents in China.

　　The "Opinions" put forward that it is necessary to improve the incentive measures for the protection of old-age service talents and improve the level of salary protection. Increase the praise and encouragement, and enhance the professional respect and social recognition of the aged care service talents.

　　General Administration of Market Supervision deploys food safety supervision during the Spring Festival.

　　On January 30th, the General Administration of Market Supervision held a dispatch meeting to deploy food safety supervision during the 2024 National Spring Festival and the "Two Sessions", requiring local market supervision departments to effectively strengthen food safety supervision during the festival, pay close attention to key products, key links, key areas and key risks, increase the frequency of supervision and inspection, and severely punish violations of laws and regulations to ensure that people have a happy, peaceful and safe Spring Festival.

Chengdu Universiade, Hangzhou Asian Games and Asian Paralympic Games were held successively, and achieved carbon neutrality for the first time in the history of the Asian Games. The United Nations General Assembly adopted the resolution of Olympic Truce for the Paris Olympic Games … Recently, the top ten domestic and international sports news in 2023 jointly evaluated by China Sports Daily and People’s Daily Sports Department was announced.

In 2023, domestic sports were brilliant. The Asian Games in Hangzhou is the largest and highest-level international comprehensive sports event successfully held in China after the 20th victory of the Party. The China sports delegation achieved the goal of training troops for the Paris Olympic Games while achieving impressive results. Chengdu Universiade and the first Youth Association were successfully held, which became a stage for young athletes to communicate with each other. China athletes made great achievements, China swimmers made breakthroughs in the World Championships, Qin Haiyang became the new "frog king" and broke the men’s 200-meter breaststroke world record, China rhythmic gymnastics won the first world championship, China women’s basketball team won the Asian championship again after 12 years, Guo Yu defended the Sudirman Cup, Guo Ping won five championships in the World Championships, and Ding Liren won the first chess world chess champion for China, all of which showed that China athletes inherited and carried forward the Chinese sportsmanship. In addition, "Village BA" and "Village Super" contribute to rural revitalization, and the official launch of the "Ode to Chinese Sports Spirit" project is also a hot topic in the domestic sports field this year.

In 2023, international sports events continued. The United Nations General Assembly adopted the resolution of Olympic Truce for the Paris Olympic Games, and the Los Angeles Olympic Games added new fashion items such as flag football and squash. Spain and Germany won the women’s and men’s world cups for the first time, while Morocco, Portugal and Spain became the main host countries of the 2030 football world cup. Personally, Messi, Djokovic and Kiptum have all become the creators of historical records in their respective project fields.

The annual top ten domestic and international sports news jointly evaluated by this newspaper and the People’s Daily Sports Department has been carried out for many years, which is an important year-end inventory of sports media.

domestic

The 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou and the 4th Asian Games for the Disabled were successfully held.

From September 23rd to October 8th, and from October 22nd to October 28th, the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou and the 4th Asian Games for the Disabled were successfully held. The Supreme Leader of president attended the opening ceremony of the Hangzhou Asian Games and announced the opening of the Asian Games. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou City have made solid progress in various preparations, carefully organized and guaranteed the games, and ensured that "the two Asian Games are equally wonderful". At the Hangzhou Asian Games, the China sports delegation won 201 gold medals and 383 medals, which was the best result in the history of participating in the Asian Games and topped the gold medal list for the 11th time. At the Hangzhou Asian Para Games, the China sports delegation won 214 gold medals and 521 medals, ranking first in the gold medal list and medal list of the Asian Para Games for the fourth time. The number of gold medals and medals was the best in history.

The 31st Summer Universiade in Chengdu was successfully held.

From July 28th to August 8th, the 31st Summer Universiade was successfully held in Chengdu. The top leaders of president attended the opening ceremony and announced the opening of the Universiade. Chengdu Universiade is the first major international sports event held in China after the 20th Party Congress. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, Sichuan Province and Chengdu City, after a long period of careful preparation, have reached international standards in terms of venue facilities, competition organization and service guarantee, and achieved world-class status. China adheres to the simple, safe and wonderful concept of hosting the Games, and earnestly fulfills its solemn promise, which has won wide acclaim from the families of the General Assembly and the international community. China sports delegation won 103 gold medals and 178 medals, ranking first in the gold medal list and medal list.

The first National Student (Youth) Games was successfully held.

On November 15th, the first National Student (Youth) Games ended in Nanning, Guangxi. The final of this YYWCA lasted more than four months, with 101 delegations and more than 20,000 athletes participating. Six of them surpassed 11 world youth records for 23 times, two of them surpassed 3 Asian records for one team, and one of them surpassed 2 Asian youth records for 8 times, and created a number of national records, national youth records and national youth records in shooting, weightlifting and track and field.

China players have achieved excellent results in many world championships.

In July, at the World Swimming Championships held in Fukuoka, Japan, China ranked first in the gold medal list with 20 gold medals. The China swimming team not only won 5 gold, 3 silver and 8 bronze medals, but also broke records in many events. The China diving team won 12 gold, 4 silver and 3 bronze medals, and the China swimming team won 3 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze medals, including two breakthrough gold medals, namely, collective skill self-selection and mixed doubles free self-selection.

In August, in the collective individual final of the World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships held in Valencia, Spain, China won five individual gold medals with 36.550 points, which was the first time that China Rhythmic Gymnastics Team won the world championship, and achieved historic breakthroughs in many events in the World Championships with 1 gold and 2 silver.

At the 2023 Riyadh World Weightlifting Championship held in September, the China weightlifting team won 20 gold medals, 10 silver medals and 3 bronze medals, and three people broke five world records. Among them, Liu Huanhua won two gold medals in the men’s 102 kg clean and jerk and the total score, and the China men’s weightlifting team won the world championship with a total score of more than 100 kg after 26 years.

China won the Asian Cup again after 12 years.

On July 2nd, local time, in the final of the 2023 FIBA Women’s Basketball Asian Cup in Sydney, Australia, China defeated the Japanese women’s basketball team 73-71 to win the championship. China women’s basketball team won the championship trophy again after 12 years, and ended the Japanese women’s basketball team’s sweep of the championship in the past five events.

China table tennis continues to climb to the top.

On May 21st, 2023 Sudirman Cup World Badminton Mixed Team Championship came to an end in Suzhou Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium, Jiangsu Province. China defeated South Korea 3-0 with a total score, successfully defended its title and won the championship for the third time in a row, which is also the 13th time that China won the cup in the 18th tournament.

On May 28th, local time, the 2023 World Table Tennis Championships ended in Durban, South Africa. China team won all five titles in men’s singles, women’s singles, men’s doubles, women’s doubles and mixed doubles in this World Table Tennis Championships, and achieved a clean sweep again after the Budapest World Table Tennis Championships in 2019.

Ding Liren won the men’s individual world championship in chess.

On April 30th, local time, in the 2023 FIFA World Championship held in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, Ding Liren, a China player, defeated Russian player Nepomniach with a total score of 9.5-8.5 after 14 slow chess matches and 4 fast chess matches, becoming the 17th individual world champion in the history of chess. With China’s male chess player crowned the title of world chess king for the first time, the "four-step" goal that China’s chess world has been struggling for 35 years has finally been achieved.

Qieyang Shijie, Su Bingtian and other China players won Olympic medals.

On the evening of October 4th, at the Olympic Sports Center Stadium of the track and field venue of the Hangzhou Asian Games, the Chinese Olympic Committee held an award ceremony to award medals to Qieyang Shijie, Liu Hong and Lv Xiuzhi who won gold, silver and bronze medals in the women’s 20km walk in London Olympic Games and to Tang Xingqiang, Xie Zhenye, Su Bingtian and Wu Zhiqiang who won bronze medals in the men’s 4x100m relay in Tokyo Olympic Games.

Rural sports events are widely concerned.

Since the beginning of this year, rural sports events represented by "village BA" and "village supermarket" have become the focus of people’s attention. At the end of October, the finals of the 2023 National and American Country Basketball Competition ("Village BA") started in Taipan Village, Taijiang County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province. Tens of thousands of spectators came from all over the country to watch the wonderful games and participate in the live interaction. According to statistics, driven by "Village BA", Taijiang County received more than 2 million tourists in one year, and realized tourism income of more than 2.3 billion yuan.

This year, the State Sports General Administration and other departments issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting Sports to Help Rural Revitalization" to support local governments to vigorously develop sports events and boost rural revitalization.

The project "Ode to Chinese Sports Spirit" was launched

On July 7th, the launching ceremony of "Ode to Chinese Sports Spirit" was held in Beijing. The State Sports General Administration launched the project to better carry forward the Chinese sports spirit and help build a sports power. During the Asian Games in Hangzhou, the State Sports General Administration held a series of sports and cultural activities, including "Inheritance-Stories of the Asian Games" interview, "China Sports Culture Exhibition" and excellent sports film screening.

international

Hangzhou Asian Games, Asian Para Games and Chengdu Universiade to Achieve Carbon Neutrality

On December 6th, Hangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee and Asian Paralympic Games Organizing Committee announced that after accounting, evaluation and certification, Hangzhou Asian Games and Asian Paralympic Games had emitted 882,900 tons of greenhouse gases, used green electricity to reduce greenhouse gases by 22,000 tons, and accepted the carbon offset index of 1,099,900 tons donated by the society, achieving carbon neutrality for the first time in the history of Asian Games and Asian Paralympic Games. On December 22nd, the Report on the Green and Low-carbon Games of Chengdu Universiade was released, announcing that the Chengdu Universiade had achieved 32,000 tons of carbon reduction and carbon neutrality.

The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Olympic Truce Resolution for the Paris Olympic Games.

On November 21st, local time, the 78th UN General Assembly adopted the resolution of Olympic Truce for the 2024 Paris Olympic and Paralympic Games. The president of the Paris Olympic Organizing Committee introduced the Olympic Truce resolution on behalf of the French government, and the President of the International Olympic Committee Bach delivered a speech calling on the General Assembly to adopt the resolution. In the end, the resolution was adopted by an overwhelming majority of 118 votes in favor, 2 abstentions and 0 votes against.

In 2028, the Los Angeles Olympic Games will add five major events, including flag football.

On October 16th, local time, the 141st plenary session of the International Olympic Committee held in Mumbai, India, passed a resolution to add flag football, squash, baseball and softball, cricket and stick tennis as official events of the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic Games. Baseball and softball, cricket and tennis were once Olympic events, while squash and flag football were included in the Olympic events for the first time.

The Women’s World Cup was successfully held in Australia and New Zealand, and Spain won the championship.

On August 20th, local time, the 2023 Women’s World Cup came to an end. This year’s Women’s World Cup was jointly held by Australia and New Zealand, which was the first time in the history of the Women’s World Cup that two countries held it. New Zealand held the opening match and Australia held the final. In the final, Spain beat England 1-0, winning the Women’s World Cup for the first time in its history, becoming the fifth team to win the championship after the United States, Norway, Germany and Japan.

Germany won the men’s basketball World Cup.

On September 10th, local time, in the final of the 2023 Men’s Basketball World Cup held in Manila, Philippines, Germany defeated Serbia 83-77 and won the first men’s basketball World Cup with a record of winning all eight games. In the third-place battle, the United States lost to Canada, ranking fourth, which is also the second consecutive World Cup medals missed by the American men’s basketball team.

The 2030 Men’s Football World Cup is planned to be jointly organized by six countries on three continents.

On October 4th, local time, FIFA held a board video conference at its headquarters in Zurich, Switzerland, announcing that the 2030 Men’s Football World Cup will be jointly organized by six countries on three continents. Morocco, Portugal and Spain will be the main host countries. At the same time, since 2030 coincides with the centenary of the first World Cup, FIFA decided to hold a celebration in Uruguay, the venue of the 1930 World Cup. Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay will each host a competition at the opening stage of the 2030 World Cup.

Manchester City won the Champions League for the first time and achieved the annual "five crowns"

On June 10th, local time, in the final of the 2022-2023 European Football Champions League held in Istanbul, Turkey, Manchester City of England defeated Inter Milan of Italy 1-0, winning the Champions League for the first time in team history. On December 22nd, local time, Manchester City beat Brazil’s Fluminense 4-0 to win the World Club Cup final. So far, in 2023, Manchester City won the Premier League champion, FA Cup champion, Champions League champion, European Super Cup champion and World Club Cup champion, achieving the annual "five crowns".

Messi won the Golden Globe Award for the eighth time

On October 30, local time, in the 2023 Golden Globe Awards Ceremony held by French Football magazine, Argentine player Messi won the Golden Globe Award for the eighth time, once again setting a new record for the number of times he won the award. This year’s Golden Globe Awards are based on the performance of the 2022-2023 season, during which Messi led the Argentine team to win the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 championship. On February 27th, local time and May 8th, local time this year, Messi also won the FIFA Player of the Year Award and Lawrence Best Male Athlete Award respectively, and his Argentine national men’s soccer team was awarded the Best Team Award.

Djokovic set many records in tennis.

On September 10th, local time, in the men’s singles final of the US Open, Serbian star Djokovic defeated Russian player Medvedev 3-0, won the men’s singles championship of the US Open for the fourth time, and accumulated the number of individual Grand Slam champions to 24, surpassing American star Serena Williams, who won 23 titles, ranking first in the era of solitary open. Djokovic also won the year-end finals and finished the whole season as the world’s number one for the eighth time.

Kiptum set a new world record for men’s marathon.

On October 8, local time, in the Chicago Marathon, Kenyan Kiptum set a new world record for men’s marathon in 2 hours, 0 minutes and 35 seconds and won the championship. This achievement improved the previous record of 2 hours, 1 minute and 9 seconds set by Kenyan star Kipchoge by 34 seconds. Kiptum, 23, became the first marathon runner to break 2 hours and 01 minutes in an official race. (From December 26th, China Sports Daily, 01 edition)

　　In a blink of an eye, 2018 is about halfway through. In July, there is a big wave of new policies about your wallet: the reduction of tariffs on imported consumer goods, the cancellation of traffic roaming fees, etc. What other new policies are there?

　　1 enterprise employees’ pensions shall be subject to the central adjustment system.

　　The State Council recently issued the Notice on Establishing the Central Adjustment System of the Basic Endowment Insurance Fund for Enterprise Employees, and decided to establish the central adjustment system of the endowment insurance fund, which will be implemented on July 1, 2018. On the basis of the current provincial overall planning of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, a central adjustment fund for old-age insurance will be established, and the old-age insurance funds in various provinces will be appropriately adjusted to ensure that basic pensions are paid in full and on time.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that the implementation of the central fund transfer system will not increase the burden on enterprises and individuals and will not affect the treatment of retirees. First, do not increase the proportion of contributions paid by enterprises and individual employees. The establishment of a central fund adjustment system is mainly to adjust the surplus and deficiency of funds between provinces. The total income and expenditure of the national endowment insurance fund in the current period has not changed, and enterprises and individual employees do not need to pay extra fees, which will not increase the overall burden of society. Second, it will not change the current pension insurance benefits calculation and adjustment methods, and will not affect the personal benefits of retirees. In some provinces, the amount of funds borrowed is greater than the amount of funds allocated. In these provinces, the burden of old-age care is relatively light and the fund support ability is strong. After adjustment, it will not affect the timely and full payment of current pensions. In some provinces, the amount of funds allocated is greater than that of the above solution. Through adjustment, the pressure of fund payment can be appropriately alleviated, and the basic pension can be better guaranteed to be paid in full and on time.

　　2. Adjustment of social security payment base

　　Many places in the country have successively announced the social security payment base in 2018. Taking Beijing as an example, the lower limit of the payment base for employees participating in basic old-age insurance and unemployment insurance is 40% of the average monthly salary of employees in Beijing in 2017, with a minimum of 3,387 yuan, which is 305 yuan higher than last year; For employees who participate in basic medical insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance, the minimum payment base is 60% of the average monthly salary of employees in this city in 2017, with a minimum of 5,080 yuan, up 456 yuan from last year.

　　Social security payment is related to the treatment of the insured after retirement. Only when a certain payment level is reached can a better treatment level be achieved. If the payment level is too low, the pension level is still low. In other words, the payment level will increase with the increase of average salary, and the future treatment level will also increase.

　　3. The tax incentives for scientific and technical personnel will be "received"

　　The Ministry of Finance, the State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly issued the Notice on Individual Income Tax Policies for Scientific and Technological Personnel to Earn Cash Rewards from Their Post Scientific and Technological Achievements, which made it clear that since July 1, 2018, non-profit research and development institutions and institutions of higher learning approved according to the law on promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, the cash rewards given to scientific and technological personnel from their post scientific and technological achievements can be included in the "salary and salary income" of scientific and technological personnel in the current month at a reduced rate of 50%, and personal income tax can be paid according to law.

　　It is cheaper to import daily consumer goods.

　　With the approval of the State Council, the MFN tariff rate of some consumer goods will be reduced from July 1, 2018, involving 1449 tax items, and the average tax rate will be reduced from 15.7% to 6.9%, with an average decrease of 55.9%. Reduce the average import tariff rate of clothing, shoes and hats, kitchens and sports and fitness products from 15.9% to 7.1%; Reduce the average import tariff rate of household appliances such as washing machines and refrigerators from 20.5% to 8%; Reduce the average import tariff rate of processed foods such as aquaculture, fishing aquatic products and mineral water from 15.2% to 6.9%; The average import tariff rate of washing products, cosmetics such as skin care and hairdressing and some medical and health products will be reduced from 8.4% to 2.9%.

　　5. Tariff reduction of imported cars and parts.

　　With the approval of the State Council, from July 1, 2018, the tariffs on automobiles with tax rates of 25% and 20% will be reduced to 15%, with tax reductions of 40% and 25% respectively; The tariffs on auto parts with tax rates of 8%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% will be reduced to 6%, with an average tax reduction of 46%.

　　6. The vehicle purchase tax will be levied on the trailer by half.

　　The Ministry of Finance, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the Announcement on Reducing Vehicle Purchase Tax on Trailers. From July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021, the vehicle purchase tax will be reduced by half. The date of purchase shall be determined according to the issuance date of the Uniform Invoice for Motor Vehicle Sales, Special Payment Letter for Customs Tariff or other valid documents.

　　7. Preferential tax policies for venture capital enterprises and angel investment individuals.

　　The Notice on Tax Policies for Venture Capital Enterprises and Angel Investors jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China promoted the preferential tax policies for venture capital enterprises and angel investors, that is, the preferential policies for venture capital enterprises and angel investors to invest in seed-stage and start-up technology-based enterprises, and the taxable income was deducted by 70% of the investment amount, which was implemented nationwide by eight pilot areas of comprehensive innovation reform and Suzhou Industrial Park.

　　This Notice clarifies that the personal income tax policy for angel investment will be implemented as of July 1, 2018, and other policies will be implemented as of January 1, 2018; The above-mentioned tax policy can be applied to the investment that occurred within 2 years before the implementation date and has been invested for 2 years after the implementation date and meets the prescribed conditions.

　　8. Traffic "roaming" fee is cancelled

　　On June 22nd, China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom successively announced that, starting from July 1st, 2018, the roaming fee will be cancelled, and the provincial traffic of new and old mobile phone users will be upgraded to domestic traffic (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan traffic).

　　Previously, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology launched a series of measures to reduce the growth rate of mobile traffic, including: from July 1, the "roaming" fee for mobile traffic will be cancelled, and basic telecommunications companies will be encouraged to launch large-flow packages. The average unit price of mobile traffic will be reduced by more than 30% during the year. Further reduce household broadband charges and international, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan roaming charges. Promote enterprises to optimize and streamline tariff packages, and study and introduce relevant policies and measures to standardize tariff management. Support all localities to expand the coverage of wireless networks in public places and provide users with free Internet access services.

　　9. Some high-speed rail tickets are discounted by 6.5%

　　Starting from July 5 this year, the announced fares of high-speed trains running on the six sections of Hefei-Wuhan, Wuhan-Yichang, Guiyang-Guangzhou, Liuzhou-Nanning, Shanghai-Nanjing and Nanjing-Hangzhou were optimized and adjusted. This time, it is clear that the published fare is the highest price limit. Railway-related enterprises can lower the fare within the price limit by season, time, seats and sections according to the passenger flow, with a maximum discount of 6.5%. Compared with the current situation, the adjusted executive fare has generally increased and decreased.

　　10. Tianjin will raise the unemployment insurance standard from July 1st.

　　A few days ago, Tianjin issued a notice, starting from July 1 this year, it will raise the unemployment insurance payment standard.

　　According to the "Notice on Improving the Payment Standard of Unemployment Insurance in Tianjin", if the payment period is from the first month to the twelfth month, the monthly payment standard will be raised from 1150 yuan to 1240 yuan; For the 13th to 24th months, the monthly payment standard was raised from 1,110 yuan to 1,200 yuan, respectively increasing the 90 yuan.

　　The standard of one-time living allowance for farmers’ contract workers was raised from the current monthly payment standard of 690 yuan to 744 yuan, with an increase of 7.83% in 54 yuan. (Gao Chang/Compilation)

　　It takes 23 days from the submission of the application materials to the issuance of the trial by the CSRC. The IPO of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway") has been experienced in the A-share market with an average initial review period of 9 months and nearly 400 companies waiting in line for listing, which truly shows a "high-speed railway speed".

　　The prospectus published by the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway on October 25, 2019 is 578 pages long, but it has not achieved many disenchantment functions. On the contrary, several "myths" have been added — — For example, there are only 67 employees who are retired, rehired and seconded, and the per capita assets under management are 2.792 billion yuan; More than 50 million train tickets are sold every year, with an average gross profit of 124 yuan per ticket; The company has a long-term loan of more than 20 billion yuan, and the annual interest expense is more than 1 billion yuan, but it is all credit loans without any collateral … …

　　Up to now, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway has been operating safely for more than 8 years, sending 1.1 billion passengers. From the perspective of income, profit and large-scale operation level, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is a well-deserved "golden route". Railways and trains seem to be ordinary means of transportation, but considering their important position in the national economy, many countries in the world have regarded them as the key carriers of economic and political games. In the second half of the 20th century, in order to introduce competition and stimulate development, the railway systems of the United States, Japan, Britain, France, Germany and other countries have experienced long and arduous commercial reforms. In the process of losing its state-owned color, the railway has also produced many innovative operating ideas and commercial products such as "separation of network and transportation" and "Shinkansen".

　　It is not easy to open China railway system with market mechanism. As we all know, in the past, the management and operation of the railway system in China has long concentrated the power of administrative examination and approval, road network and transportation management in the Ministry of Railways. Until around 2000, China started the railway reform, and the Ministry of Railways was divided into the State Railway Administration, which is mainly under administrative supervision, the China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd., which is mainly under the management of several local railway bureaus, and various franchised companies.

　　According to the prospectus, through this IPO, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway hopes to raise up to 50 billion yuan. If the target is achieved, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail will become the sixth largest IPO project in the history of A shares. It is also a phased product of the combination of national will and technological innovation after a long process of exploration, and it bears a crucial mission of China’s railway market-oriented reform: it must be broken in the link of "commercialization verification".

Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail is the most profitable high-speed rail line in China.

　　Double definitions of "golden route"

　　The idea of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway can be traced back to a series of internal discussions in the 1980 s. In 1990, the former Ministry of Railways assembled all the early studies into the "Concept Report of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Line Scheme", and formally put forward the idea that "China should also build high-speed railway". It was not until April 18, 2008 that the entire Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was officially started, and it was completed and opened to traffic on June 30, 2011.

　　In the project proposal approved by the State Council in 2006, it was mentioned that the total budget of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway would exceed 160 billion yuan. However, in the feasibility study report released one year later, the construction budget rose to 220.94 billion yuan, equivalent to a cost of 167 million yuan per kilometer. This also makes the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway the infrastructure project with investment scale second only to the Three Gorges Dam since the founding of New China.

　　80% of the lines have to be carried by new viaducts, and the demolition costs involved along the way are the main reasons for the high construction cost of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. The cost of land acquisition and demolition in seven provinces and municipalities directly under the central government across the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was not confirmed by audit until 2015. According to the contents of the prospectus of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, the total cost of land acquisition and demolition reached 37.099 billion yuan. In addition, according to the prospectus, the construction capital of high-speed railway station reached 1.94 billion yuan.

　　These upfront investments were later directly realized in the form of capital into the shares of provinces and cities along the way in the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway company. At present, in addition to the above-mentioned local shareholders, the other three major shareholders of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway are China Railway Investment Co., Ltd. (which invested 60.3 billion yuan when it was launched, holding 49.76%), Ping An Asset Management Co., Ltd. (which invested 16 billion yuan when it was launched, holding 11.44%) and National Social Security Fund (which invested 10 billion yuan when it was launched, holding 7.15%).

　　At the initial stage of operation, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is often compared with the "Beijing-Shanghai Express" route invested heavily by Air China, China Eastern Airlines and other airlines, because both of them connect the transportation services of the two most important cities in China. In fact, the difference between them is very obvious — — The Beijing-Shanghai express line is only to realize the rapid direct connection between business travelers in Beijing and Shanghai, and the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail is of great significance to the population flow and regional economy in the areas covered by the site.

　　A working paper (summary paper) published by the World Bank in 2014 also confirms this view — — The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is 1318 kilometers long, but the proportion of passengers who take the whole Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway line from beginning to end is not as high as expected, and the average ride distance is actually about 500 kilometers. If you start from Shanghai, this number can reach Bengbu City in Anhui Province. Starting from Beijing, you can reach Tai ‘an City in Shandong Province.

　　The total population living in provinces and cities along the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway accounts for 27.3% of the national total. The labor force can flow quickly and conveniently, which is conducive to promoting the economic development of provinces and cities along the high-speed rail. In another research report, the World Bank calculated the GDP of Dezhou and Jinan in Shandong Province in 2010, and concluded that the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway boosted the GDP of these two cities by 0.67% to 1.39% and 0.36% to 0.75% respectively in 2015.

　　This may be one of the most intuitive explanation cases of "when a train rings, there are two thousand gold".

　　China version of "separation of network and transportation"

　　A high-speed railway itself is a valuable fixed asset, plus station buildings, electrical equipment, land use rights and a small amount of cash along the line that can be estimated — — These constitute most of the assets of the listed Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail company. The train assets running on this railway belong to the three local railway bureau groups of Shanghai, Jinan and Beijing along the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway.

　　Based on the above division of assets, the relationship between Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Company and railway bureaus along the line is generally a so-called "entrusted transportation" cooperation relationship, that is, the road network company entrusts railway bureaus with trains and workers to complete transportation services. In the transportation industry, this model is called "separation of network and transportation".

　　The idea of "separation of network and transportation" is to separate the railway network infrastructure with resource monopoly from the railway passenger and freight transportation with market competitiveness by setting up their own companies to operate. Its value lies in promoting the maximum utilization of road network resources with the help of increasingly flexible market-oriented passenger and cargo transportation business.

　　Germany is one of the representative countries that implement railway "separation of network and transportation". In addition to the state-owned Deutsche Bahn, there are currently more than 400 private railway operators who can use the German railway network, achieving full competition in the freight and short-distance passenger transport markets.

　　Theoretically, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, as a road network company, has the right to collect the road network service fee from the railway bureau to which the trains operating on the road network belong — — Simple understanding is "toll", but the ticket revenue and the revenue generated by various services on the train belong to several local railway bureaus. In the prospectus, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway directly refers to the local railway bureau as its "customer".

　　This situation is similar to that of long-distance buses running on expressways — — Whether it is empty or full, the highway company will charge the same toll; However, the passenger’s ticket money is handed over to the bus operating company, so what the passenger transport company needs to consider is to improve the attendance rate by improving the service experience, thus driving the continuous growth of ticket revenue.

　　The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway finally implemented a more complicated mode of "separation of network and transportation". As a result, the company not only collected tolls from the local railway bureau, but also had a part of the direct income of train tickets.

　　According to the prospectus, the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Company has signed the Agreement on Train Undertaking of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway with Shanghai Railway Bureau, Jinan Railway Bureau and Beijing Railway Bureau, and the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway has the service management right of "local trains", so it can obtain the ticket income of these trains.

　　The definition of "local train" by Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway is "a train running on the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway, which starts and ends". Simply explained, the starting station and the terminal station of the train are all stations in a city along the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway, such as Beijing to Nanjing, Jinan to Xuzhou and Tianjin to Shanghai.

　　For the trains on this line, the local railway bureau is the "entrusted service provider" of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway company, and its main income items are the train rental fee and entrusted service management fee paid by the latter (all train service personnel belong to the local railway bureau); At the same time, the local railway bureau does not have to pay "tolls" to the railway bureau.

　　The opposite of "local train" is "cross-line train", which refers to those trains whose starting station or terminal station is not on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, but will pass through (use) a certain section of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. For example, the high-speed trains from Zhengzhou to Nanjing or Beijing to Hangzhou are all over-the-line trains. For cross-line trains, Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Company only participates in the operation as a simple road network operator, and collects "toll" from the local railway bureau to which the train belongs, and all the fare income belongs to the latter.

　　The combined "separation of network and transportation" that "the road network company collects both tickets and tolls" around the operation of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is full of China characteristics. In other words, this is a phased achievement in the long journey of railway reform in China.

　　In fact, along with it, the discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of "separation of network transportation" in the industry has never stopped. On the one hand, this model is recognized, because it faces the intertwined railway operation system from the system. First, it makes a complete cut of "road network resources" and "transportation services". However, it is difficult to see the possibility of introducing other market-oriented railway operation service providers in the short term, so after the above-mentioned cutting, the process reengineering is still implemented among various state-owned companies, which increases the transaction cost and is a negative impact on improving system efficiency.

　　Balanced performance space

　　After the disclosure of the prospectus of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, the outside world marveled at its annual income scale of more than 30 billion yuan. At present, the company’s "local business" and "cross-line business" revenue accounts for basically the same proportion. In the business model, these two parts of income correspond to completely different indicators and models.

　　The income of the "local train" is the fare, and the two indicators that affect the income are the total number of passengers sent and the average fare paid by passengers. However, the prospectus of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway does not directly disclose the average passenger fare, but only discloses the passenger transportation data such as the total number of trains sent, the number of passengers sent, the load factor and the passenger turnover during the reporting period.

　　The main factor that affects the income of "cross-line trains" is the number of trains that purchase services from the road network. According to the prospectus, since the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway line is connected with many high-speed railways such as Jingha, Taiqing and Shanghai-Kunming, and the hub stations along the line are mostly traffic hubs in the eastern region, with the gradual improvement of the high-speed railway network, the corresponding cross-line train income has also increased.

　　Since 2016, the actual controller of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail — — China Railway Corporation, the predecessor of China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd."), has the "pricing power" for high-speed rail, and can implement certain fare fluctuations according to factors such as market competition and passenger flow distribution. In the past few years, although there have been preferential discount tickets for high-speed rail and bullet trains as a whole, the fares of key lines represented by Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail have remained unchanged for many years.

　　A more noteworthy variable is that in recent years, with the introduction of the "Fuxing" train with faster running speed, the opening of long-formed trains that can accommodate more passengers, and the adjustment of the proportion of trains with various formation sizes, the annual total number of passengers sent by trains on this line is steadily increasing, but the daily average number of trains on this line is declining.

　　This idea of small-scale adjustment is believed to continue in the next year or two and become an important variable affecting the company’s revenue and gross profit growth. On the premise that the ticket price is relatively constant, CBN magazine calculated the annual revenue and gross profit growth range of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail in the future. Under optimistic circumstances, it is estimated that the annual growth rate of its revenue will reach 9.34% and the gross profit will increase by 7.55%. Even in a relatively pessimistic situation, the performance can remain stable.

　　The core asset of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway company is the high-speed railway network. Considering the minimum train tracking interval, train speed and other factors, its overall capacity has a theoretical upper limit. In order to maximize the growth of revenue and profit, the company should actually consider how to balance the proportion of local cars and cross-line cars.

　　In the routine inquiry of the CSRC about the prospectus of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, one question is to ask the company to explain whether the second line of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail may form a major horizontal competition relationship with the existing business. As the bidding for related design projects was publicized, the second line of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, which is still in early planning, happened to catch up with the "hot spot" of listing of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail. In order to alleviate the transportation pressure of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the development plan of the future high-speed rail in July 2016, and the "Beijing-Shanghai Passage" part involved is the Beijing-Shanghai Second Line. Except the origin and destination stations and Tianjin section are consistent with the current Beijing-Shanghai line, Weifang, Linyi, Huai ‘an, Yangzhou and Nantong on the Beijing-Shanghai second line are all closer to the east coast of China. These two railway lines connecting Beijing and Shanghai will become an important part of the "eight verticals and eight horizontals" long-term planning of China railway network in the future. As more high-speed rail lines are built and merged into the existing network, the utilization rate of the existing Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail line will further increase, but the cost will decrease according to the marginal effect, thus gradually pushing up the gross profit margin.

　　Close to "big profit"

　　In the railway industry, there are so-called "small profits" and "big profits". "Small profit" means that income can offset operating costs, such as labor, energy, depreciation, etc. The "big profit" is based on the investment in railway construction, such as loan interest and principal.

　　Due to the huge construction cost, in addition to the capital invested by the company’s shareholders, high-speed rail projects often rely on a large number of debt financing to fill the gap. When the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was built, 50% capital and 50% loans and bonds were used to cover the upfront cost of 220 billion yuan. According to the prospectus, as of the end of the third quarter of 2019, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway still has a total of 21.807 billion yuan of long-term loans, of which 1.5 billion yuan will expire within one year; It is estimated that in the whole year of 2019, the company will still have to pay more than 1 billion yuan in interest on the loan.

　　For the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Company, there is a relatively objective profit margin for ticket and road network revenue. According to the prospectus, the current interest guarantee multiple (editor’s note: earnings before interest and tax’s interest expenditure, which is used to measure the company’s basic ability to repay loans) is 16 times. In addition, the company repaid 7.5 billion yuan of long-term loans in advance in 2016, so it is quite promising to achieve the "big profit" goal of "paying interest and repaying principal".

　　But this is only the result of independent inspection of high-speed rail operating companies. Because of the close cooperation between the high-speed rail operating company and the railway bureau, it is difficult to analyze it independently in daily operation, so the influence of the railway bureau should be considered when investigating the overall operation of the high-speed rail line.

　　The prospectus of the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway also disclosed some operation data of 18 railway bureaus under the jurisdiction of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.. Among the three railway bureaus in Beijing, Jinan and Shanghai involved in the line, in 2018, only the Shanghai Bureau had a profit of 1.7 billion yuan, the Jinan Bureau suffered a slight loss, and the Beijing Bureau had a loss of 6.139 billion yuan. The income and profit level of the specific line were not disclosed. And China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.’s total debt level has stabilized at more than 5 trillion yuan.

　　According to the report "China’s High-speed Railway Development" released by the World Bank in mid-2019, if the overall profitability of the lines composed of "corresponding investment from operating companies and railway bureaus" is investigated, many lines with a design speed of 200-250km/h in China can hardly achieve the operation goal of "small profit" at the initial stage of opening. After the line is opened for 10 years, the principal and interest pressure has been significantly reduced, and more than half of the lines with a design speed of 300 to 350 kilometers per hour can achieve "big profits" at the existing passenger traffic level.

　　Of course, there is also the debt borne by local governments for the introduction of high-speed rail. In order to implement the relevant demolition funds, local governments rely heavily on bank loans in addition to using financial funds, which actually further increases their own burden. In 2018, the Development and Reform Commission issued special guidance to warn individual places of the hidden debt risk under the "high-speed rail effect".

　　In the face of such an overall situation of the industry, as a star company entity with annual profits and dividends, IPO financing of 50 billion yuan and "promoting the reform of railway joint-stock system", the economic value of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is remarkable, but it is impossible to copy it.