Technological transformation of industrial enterprises is an important way to expand effective industrial investment, enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises and promote industrial transformation and upgrading. Since the beginning of this year, many provinces and cities across the country have issued policies, which have set off a new wave of technological transformation. Among them, in terms of government financial support, Shenzhen’s latest support policy has increased the support to a maximum of 100 million yuan for a single project.

　　The First Financial Reporter learned from the relevant departments of Shenzhen that the city issued the "Several Measures on Accelerating the Technological Transformation and Upgrading of Industrial Enterprises under the New Situation" on November 30, which will provide financial support for major technological transformation projects with a total investment of 500 million yuan or more implemented by industrial enterprises in Shenzhen, according to 10% of the total investment and construction cost approved by the project, and the maximum funding for a single project is 100 million yuan; For intelligent transformation projects implemented by industrial enterprises with a total investment of 10 million yuan or more, funding will be given in stages according to 20% of the total investment and construction cost approved by the project, and the maximum funding for a single project is 50 million yuan.

　　Relevant measures have been taken to increase financing support for technological transformation projects in multiple dimensions. Five "combination boxing" methods, including bank loans, fund support, financial leasing, risk compensation and government interest subsidy, have been proposed to encourage and guide banking institutions to launch exclusive credit products such as "technological transformation loans", "digital loans" and "green loans", provide preferential interest rates, improve the efficiency of loan examination and approval, and give up to 5 million yuan of interest subsidy support for bank loan interest or equipment financing lease interest for enterprises to implement technological transformation projects.

　　The introduction of the above policies and measures in Shenzhen is also the implementation of the relevant arrangements in Guangdong Province. On November 13th, the Guangdong Provincial Government published the document "Ten Technological Innovations", which guided and encouraged industrial enterprises to carry out high-end, intelligent, green and integrated transformation. It was proposed that more than 9,000 industrial enterprises would strive to carry out technological transformation in the province every year from 2023 to 2027, and no less than 100 billion yuan would be guided to support industrial enterprises to carry out technological transformation, and the provincial finance would arrange special funds, through equipment incentives, loan interest subsidies, insurance and financial leasing.

　　In April this year, Sichuan Province issued the "Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Carrying out the Technical Transformation of Safety, Environmental Protection and Energy Saving in Industrial Enterprises", which clarified that by 2025, a comprehensive evaluation index system for safety, environmental protection and energy efficiency in industrial fields will be established; By 2027, more than one round of safety, environmental protection and energy-saving technological transformation covering the whole industry will be completed in industrial enterprises, and the accumulated investment in safety, environmental protection and energy-saving technological transformation will exceed 200 billion yuan. Among them, the construction of evaluation index system in key fields such as steel, nonferrous metals, building materials and chemicals will be completed by the end of 2023, the construction of evaluation index system in industries such as textiles, mines and new materials will be completed by the end of 2025, and the technical transformation of full coverage of key industrial enterprises will be completed by 2027.

　　In July this year, the Chongqing Economic Information Commission, the Finance Bureau and other five departments jointly issued the "Chongqing Advanced Manufacturing Industry High-quality Development" Technical Reform Special Loan Implementation Plan (2023-2027) ",which proposed to encourage and support enterprises to adopt new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials to transform and upgrade existing facilities, process conditions and production services by means of loan interest subsidies and guarantee subsidies. By 2027, the city’s technological transformation investment will account for more than 40% of the city’s industrial investment. Districts and counties should establish a support mechanism for technological transformation projects with software and hardware investment of less than 10 million yuan, and give supporting loans and guarantee subsidies to municipal "special loans for technological transformation" support projects.

　　In August this year, the Shanxi provincial government issued the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting Enterprise Technological Transformation", and then the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Incentive Plan for Promoting Enterprise Technological Transformation", which opened the prelude to a new round of enterprise technological transformation in the province. Shanxi Province proposes that by implementing six special technical transformation projects, it will strive to significantly improve the level of technological transformation in the province by 2025, and the investment in technological transformation will increase by more than 8% annually.

　　Shandong Province is at the forefront in promoting the technological transformation of industrial enterprises in China. In 2017, it promulgated the first local regulation on technological transformation of enterprises in Shandong Province, and also took the lead in implementing the "one county, one policy" technological transformation model in China. In September this year, the Action Plan for Technological Transformation and Upgrading of Traditional Industries in Shandong Province (2023-2025) was issued, focusing on six traditional advantageous industries in Shandong, such as metallurgy, chemical industry, light industry, building materials, textiles and clothing, and machinery, and guiding enterprises to increase investment in technological transformation. At the beginning of this year, the province proposed to strive to implement about 10,000 technological transformation projects with an investment of more than 5 million yuan throughout the year, and the investment in industrial technological transformation will increase by about 6%.

　　The central level continues to encourage and support industrial enterprises to carry out technological transformation. The earliest major policy can be traced back to 1982. In that year, the State Council issued the "Decision on Technological Transformation of Existing Enterprises with Emphasis and Step by Step (Guo Fa [1982] No.15)", demanding "to change the past practice of using newly-built enterprises as the main means to expand reproduction, and to implement the policy of using technological transformation as the main means to expand reproduction", "to get rid of the old road with too many and poor results in the past, and to take the road of saving investment and getting quick results"

　　After that, the State Council has repeatedly deployed and promoted the related work of enterprise technological transformation. Among them, in September 2012, the State Council issued "Guiding Opinions on Promoting Technological Transformation of Enterprises", demanding that government investment should play a guiding role in social investment, and the central and local governments should further increase their support and increase investment in technological transformation; By 2015, the proportion of technological transformation investment in industrial investment will increase significantly, and the policy environment and institutional mechanism for promoting technological transformation of enterprises will be more sound. In November, 2015, the State Council held an executive meeting to deploy and speed up the technological upgrading of enterprises, and decided to launch a number of major technological upgrading projects to support enterprises with markets in traditional industries such as light industry, textile, steel and building materials to improve their design, technology, equipment and energy efficiency, effectively reduce costs and support the growth of innovative enterprises and emerging industries.

　　On July 19th this year, Xinhua News Agency was authorized to issue "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Development and Growth of Private Economy", which mentioned that digital transformation and technological transformation should be accelerated, private enterprises should be supported to intensify the green and low-carbon transformation of production processes, equipment and technology, flexible manufacturing should be accelerated, the capacity of emergency production expansion and transformation should be enhanced, and the toughness of industrial chain should be enhanced. This is the first time that the central government has put forward special opinions on the technological transformation of private enterprises.

　　In the next few days, the symposium of the heads of the national industrial and information technology departments was held. The meeting emphasized that we should pay close attention to the study of policies and measures to promote technological transformation. According to this, a regional economic expert analyzed the first financial reporter, and a new round of technological transformation is expected to be launched one after another in the whole country. Its significance is not only to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, but also to help stabilize growth by driving relevant investments.

　　The Yellow River is the mother river and life river of the Chinese nation, and it is also an unruly river of worries. Since ancient times, the management of the Yellow River has been a big problem that puzzles the Chinese nation. The Yellow River An Lan and Haiyan Heqing are the Millennium dreams of the Chinese nation.

01

　"Kaifeng City, City Stack City"

　　Kaifeng, the ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties in Henan Province, has been flooded several times for thousands of years because of the Yellow River burst. Today, the riverbed of the Yellow River is more than ten meters above the ground in Kaifeng, which is a veritable "hanging river". Kaifeng Tower, which was built in the Northern Song Dynasty, is 55.88 meters high. For more than 900 years, the tower has witnessed the gradual rise of the Yellow River and the heightening of dams on both sides.

　　We can also find some traces of the Yellow River flood from the ruins of Kaifeng’s "City Stacking City".

　　Three to twelve meters underground in the ancient city of Kaifeng, there are six cities stacked on top of each other, including three national capitals, two provincial capitals and one central plains town, namely, Daliang City in Wei State during the Warring States Period, Bianzhou City in Tang Dynasty, Tokyo City in the Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing City in Jin Dynasty, Kaifeng City in Ming Dynasty and Kaifeng City in Qing Dynasty. The six ancient cities stacked on top of each other have witnessed the profound disasters brought by the Yellow River floods to the people in the Yellow River basin for thousands of years.

02

The Yellow River is peaceful, and the world is peaceful.

　　The Yellow River is the most difficult river to harness in the world. It has always been "good at silting, determination and migration". In history, it has "burst twice every three years and changed its course once every hundred years".

　　During the more than 2,500 years from pre-Qin to liberation, the lower Yellow River overflowed more than 1,500 times and diverted 26 times, including 5 major diversions, which affected Tianjin in the north, invaded the Haihe River system, and reached Jianghuai and Huaihe River system in the south, with a total area of 250,000 square kilometers.

　　In the fifth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1855), the Yellow River burst through the Tongwa Chamber in Lanyang, Henan Province (now near Dongbatou in Lankao), causing a breach, and the Daqing River moved northward from Lijin to Bohai Sea, which generally formed the channel of the Yellow River today.

　　1938年，国民党政府在郑州花园口扒开黄河大堤，致使黄河再次南泛长达8年多，造成上百万人死亡，千余万人受灾，直到1947年才在花园口堵口，黄河复归故道。

　　黄河治理，历来是安民兴邦的大事。历史上，为了把黄河治好，多少有为君主宵衣旰食，河工百姓舍生忘死，进行了不懈探索。

　　但长期以来，受生产力水平、社会制度、人为破坏等主客观条件的制约，黄河屡治屡决的局面始终没有得到根本改观，黄河安澜的美好愿望一直难以实现。

　　一部艰辛的治黄史，浓缩出中华民族的苦难史、奋斗史、治国史。

03

从被动到主动的历史性转变

　　黄河治理的千古难题历史性地交到了中国共产党手中。

　　1946年，中国共产党就领导成立了冀鲁豫解放区黄河水利委员会，翻开了人民治黄的新篇章。

　　经过70多年的艰辛探索和不懈斗争，中国共产党交出了一份亘古未有的优异的治黄答卷，从根本上改变了黄河暴虐为害的历史。

　　历史上，当洪水流量超过每秒１万立方米时，黄河下游就要决口泛滥，古时决口相距最久的一次也大约只有30年。

　　新中国成立以来，尽管先后出现了12次洪峰流量大于每秒1万立方米的洪水，黄河却再也没有决过口，创造了岁岁安澜的新纪录。

　　龙羊峡、刘家峡、小浪底……70多年来，我们党带领人民开展了多次大规模堤防建设，兴建了一批重要水利枢纽工程，实现了从被动治理到主动调控并很好利用的重大突破。

　　从1999年8月至今，黄河已连续20年不断流，正以全新的生命形态展现在世人面前，为世界江河治理与保护、人与自然和谐共生提供“中国范例”。

　　白洋淀，曾经以大面积芦苇荡和千亩连片的荷花淀而闻名，近几十年却连续出现干淀现象。2017年，随着雄安新区在此设立，引黄入冀补淀工程试通水，汩汩黄河水跋涉近500公里奔向白洋淀。

　　正是黄河水的引入，使得白洋淀的水流动起来，水质明显好转，重现了天水相连、苇绿荷红、水草丰美、鱼鸟成群的生态胜景。

　　黄河岁岁安澜，这一中华民族的千年梦想，终于在中国共产党的领导下变成了生动现实！

　　正如最高领袖总书记深刻指出的：“实践证明，只有在中国共产党领导下，发挥社会主义制度优势，才能真正实现黄河治理从被动到主动的历史性转变，从根本上改变黄河三年两决口的惨痛状况。”

　　来源：求是网

　　编制：华文

　　策划：吴晓迪 尹霞 陈有勇 李民圣 韩辰 李丹华

　　审核：望红平

　　监制：希利