The NPC Standing Committee:
According to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s supervision work plan for 2009, the eighth meeting of the 11th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in April will hear and consider the State Council’s report on the prevention and control of air pollution. In order to cooperate with this work, the Environmental Protection Committee of the National People’s Congress set up a research group headed by Vice Chairman Pu Haiqing, vice chairmen Wang Jirong and Ni Yuefeng, and members including Chairman Wang Guangtao, Bao Ruiling, Xu Jianmin, Zhang Xingkai, Zhang Hongbiao, Meng Wei, Gu Yidong and Jiang Zhuangde. The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) attached great importance to the investigation. Vice Chairman Chen Zhili personally participated in the investigation in Guangdong, and inspected the prevention and control of air pollution in industrial enterprises, the prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution and the construction of environmental monitoring stations in Guangzhou, Foshan and Zhuhai, and put forward important opinions on strengthening the prevention and control of air pollution. In order to do a good job in handling the bill, our Committee also invited NPC deputies who put forward relevant bills to participate in the investigation. From February to March this year, the research group was divided into four groups and went to Shanghai, Fujian, Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangdong, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces (cities) to conduct in-depth research and get to know about Beijing. Before going to the local investigation, the research team listened to the report of the relevant departments in the State Council, and invited the Environmental Protection Committee of the People’s Congress of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to assist in providing relevant materials. After the investigation, the Environmental Protection Committee of the National People’s Congress convened a committee to listen to the draft report prepared by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on behalf of the State Council, and put forward relevant opinions. The investigation is now reported as follows.
I. Positive progress has been made in the prevention and control of air pollution
The State Council attaches great importance to the prevention and control of air pollution, and regards the reduction of the national total sulfur dioxide emissions by 10% during the 11th Five-Year Plan as the binding index of the 11th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development. In recent years, around the implementation of pollution reduction targets, relevant departments and localities in the State Council have conscientiously implemented the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the Environmental Impact Assessment Law and other air pollution prevention and control-related laws. Starting from the adjustment of economic structure and industrial structure, they have adopted a series of policies and measures to strengthen governance, and paid attention to air pollution prevention and control while coping with the international financial crisis, and made positive progress, mainly in the following aspects.
(1) The quality of the national atmospheric environment is basically stable and partially improved.
The concentration of major pollutants in the atmosphere is decreasing year by year. In 2008, the total emission of sulfur dioxide in China decreased by 8.95% compared with that in 2005, and significant progress was made in pollution reduction. In 2008, the average annual concentrations of sulfur dioxide, inhalable particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in urban air in China decreased by 16.7%, 14.9% and 3.7% respectively compared with 2005. The occurrence area and influence range of acid rain have not changed significantly.
The air quality in most cities has improved. In 2008, among the 519 cities monitored nationwide, the number of cities whose urban air quality reached Grade II standard increased from 60.3% in 2005 to 76.8%, and the proportion worse than Grade III decreased from 10.6% to 1.4%. The proportion of days with good air quality in 113 key environmental protection cities in China continued to increase, reaching 90.5% on average, an increase of 5.8 percentage points compared with 2005, and the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" target of key environmental protection cities was fulfilled ahead of schedule.
The control of air pollution in key areas has achieved remarkable results. In recent years, the air quality in Beijing, Shanxi and other key areas of air pollution control has improved significantly. In order to ensure the Olympic air quality, Beijing has implemented more than 200 air pollution prevention measures in 14 stages. During the Olympic Games, Beijing and surrounding areas jointly implemented the regional joint defense mechanism, which ensured that the air quality reached the standard in an all-round way during the Olympic Games. In 2005, the quality of atmospheric environment in Shanxi Province was the lowest in China, and the problem of air pollution was widely concerned. In recent years, Shanxi Province has taken a series of effective measures, and the quality of atmospheric environment has obviously improved. Since 2006, the province’s sulfur dioxide emissions have been declining for three consecutive years. By 2008, 97.8% of the sulfur dioxide emission reduction tasks in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan have been completed, and the emission reduction progress and emission reduction are among the best in the country.
(2) Positive progress has been made in the prevention and control of industrial air pollution.
The emission reduction effect of key industries is obvious. Through the implementation of desulfurization electricity price policy, the desulfurization project of thermal power plant has achieved positive results. By the end of 2008, the number of thermal power desulfurization facilities put into operation in China has reached 363 million kilowatts, accounting for 60.4% of all thermal power units, with a desulfurization capacity of about 10 million tons/year. All localities strictly control environmental access and speed up the elimination of backward production capacity. In the past three years, China has shut down 34.2 million kilowatts of small thermal power, accounting for 68.4% of the shut-down target in the 11th Five-Year Plan, saving 43 million tons of coal, reducing 730,000 tons of sulfur dioxide emissions and 69 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions every year.
Cleaner production has progressed steadily. Shanghai regards cleaner production as an important measure to promote the transformation of industrial development mode. Through the implementation of three rounds of "Three-year Action Plan for Environmental Protection", cleaner production has expanded from industrial system to all industrial fields. Guangdong, Fujian and other places have carried out mandatory cleaner production audits for enterprises with serious pollution. Nearly 9,000 enterprises across the country have implemented cleaner production programs, reducing pollutants by more than 10%.
Energy efficiency has been further improved. In the past three years, the energy consumption per unit of GDP has decreased by 10.08%, which is equivalent to saving and using less energy by about 290 million tons of standard coal and reducing sulfur dioxide emissions by 3.29 million tons. The recovery and utilization rate of coke oven, blast furnace and converter gas in iron and steel enterprises has increased to 97.8%, 93.5% and 90.98%.
(3) The comprehensive improvement of urban atmospheric environment has achieved remarkable results.
The construction of urban central heating infrastructure was accelerated. In recent years, all localities have stepped up efforts to ban and transform coal-fired boilers, and implemented measures such as cogeneration and central heating, which has greatly reduced pollution emissions. More than 3,000 coal-fired boilers were demolished in Shaanxi Province, and the "gasification Shaanxi" project was implemented. In 2008, the average number of days with good air in 10 cities reached 321 days, 60 days higher than that in 2005. In 2008, the national central heating area reached 3 billion square meters, which played an active role in improving urban air quality.
The use of clean energy has gradually increased. In 2008, the consumption of clean energy, such as hydropower, nuclear power and wind power, increased by 37.2% compared with 2005, and the consumption of natural gas increased by 61.4%, which was equivalent to reducing the emission of sulfur dioxide by 2.4 million tons. Large and medium-sized cities generally implement clean fuel instead of coal. During the 10 years from 1998 to 2008, 94,000 households in Beijing implemented "coal to electricity", which solved the problem of low-altitude pollution. Chongqing invested 4 billion yuan to replace coal with natural gas for coal-fired boilers and industrial furnaces, reducing coal consumption by 2 million tons, reducing sulfur dioxide emissions by 110,000 tons, inhalable particulate matter by 57,000 tons and nitrogen oxides by 10,000 tons annually. By promoting clean fuel, the energy consumption structure of residents is optimized and the pollution to the atmosphere is reduced.
Building dust pollution is effectively suppressed. Dust from construction sites is one of the sources of urban particulate pollution. Xi ‘an and other places have effectively controlled the generation and emission of urban dust through measures such as green coverage, ground hardening and strengthening management. Shanghai has established a monitoring network and information system for dust pollution, and designated a 728-square-kilometer dust control creation zone, with the average amount of dust falling by 20% in the whole city. In 2008, the urban greening coverage rate reached 36%, effectively curbing urban dust pollution.
(D) Motor vehicle pollution control has been strengthened.
Environmental protection standards have been continuously improved. The relevant departments in the State Council have promulgated and revised more than 20 motor vehicle emission standards, forming a relatively complete emission standard system, effectively curbing the pollution emission of newly produced motor vehicles. Improve the technical standards for gasoline and diesel vehicles, formulate fuel consumption standards for passenger cars, encourage the development of environmentally friendly and energy-saving vehicles, and promote the technological upgrading of the automobile industry. It took three years for China to realize the transition from national standard 0 to national standard 1, and now it has begun to implement national standard III, with Beijing and other cities taking the lead in implementing national standard IV.
The vehicle pollution control system was effectively implemented. We will fully implement the approval system for newly produced environmentally-friendly vehicles and intensify the inspection of new vehicles. Some cities have implemented the management of environmental protection signs and stepped up efforts to eliminate old vehicles with high emissions. In the past three years, Shanghai has scrapped more than 8,000 buses. Improve the quality of vehicle fuel, eliminate leaded gasoline, and fully supply and use national IV standard vehicle fuel in some cities. Guangzhou, Guiyang, Xi ‘an, Chongqing and other cities have carried out the work of "changing fuel to gas" for buses. Shenzhen took the lead in building and using the management information system for motor vehicle exhaust detection and monitoring in China, and monitored 26 motor vehicle safety performance testing stations on the internet.
The construction of public transport is accelerating. Bus lanes are generally set up in large and medium-sized cities across the country, and the public transportation system is constantly improving. Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangzhou and other cities will take the development of subway and light rail as the focus of urban traffic development in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, which effectively relieves traffic congestion and reduces vehicle pollution emissions. In 2008, the length of rail transit lines in Shanghai reached 264.3 kilometers, the average daily passenger volume reached 3.08 million, an increase of 38.2% over the previous year, and the bus lanes reached 86.2 kilometers.
(5) Laws and regulations related to the prevention and control of air pollution have been gradually improved.
Laws related to air pollution have been gradually improved. In recent years, according to the economic and social development, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) has accelerated the formulation or revision of various laws related to the prevention and control of air pollution, such as the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, the Law on the Promotion of Cleaner Production, the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment, the Law on Renewable Energy, the Law on Energy Conservation and the Law on the Promotion of Circular Economy, which have provided strong support for reducing and controlling pollutants. Many places have improved the construction of supporting laws and regulations, and Zhejiang, Tianjin, Shenzhen and other provinces and cities have issued regulations on the prevention and control of air pollution, which has enhanced the pertinence and operability of the law.
Supporting laws, regulations and standards have been continuously improved. The State Council has promulgated the Regulations on the Collection and Use of Sewage Charges and other laws and regulations. The relevant departments in the State Council have formulated the Technical Policy for Prevention and Control of Pollution Caused by Sulfur Dioxide Emission from Coal Burning, the Measures for Supervision and Management of Automobile Exhaust Pollution, etc., promulgated the Environmental Air Quality Standard, the Comprehensive Emission Standard of Air Pollutants, and the Control Standard of Harmful Substances in Automobile Gasoline, and formulated the air pollution emission standards of key industries such as the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants, and the pollutant emission standard system has been gradually established. Guangdong, Shanghai, Shandong and other places have also formulated and implemented local pollution discharge standards that are stricter than the national standards, and intensified efforts to control air pollution.
Second, the main problems
China’s long-term coal-based energy structure has made it more difficult to prevent and control air pollution, and historical debts have increased. In addition, the long-term extensive growth mode has not been fundamentally changed. With the rapid economic development, primary energy consumption has increased rapidly, resulting in a large number of new pollutants. At the same time, the slow adjustment of industrial structure has further increased the difficulty of reducing major atmospheric pollutants, resulting in high emissions of soot pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, soot and dust, which has become the main factor causing air pollution problems. In recent years, with the accelerated development of urbanization and industrialization, the hazards of new pollutants such as fine particles, ozone and volatile organic compounds have become increasingly prominent, and inhalable particles have become the most important pollutants in urban air. At present, new and old pollution are intertwined, and the situation faced by air pollution prevention and control is extremely complicated and the task is extremely arduous.
(A) the treatment of major atmospheric pollutants still has a long way to go.
The energy structure dominated by coal has put great pressure on the improvement of atmospheric environmental quality. Coal burning is the main source of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, smoke and dust in China’s atmospheric environment. Since the Tenth Five-Year Plan, China’s coal consumption has increased from 1.52 billion tons to 2.74 billion tons, an increase of 80.3%, with an average annual growth of 210 million tons. The biased industrial structure makes it more difficult to reduce air pollutants. In 2008, China’s heavy industry increased by 13.2%, and the added value of the six high energy-consuming industries increased by 10.0% year-on-year. Although the country has completed 89.5% of the sulfur dioxide emission reduction tasks in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan in the first three years, the progress of the tasks is different in different places, and some places have not completed more than half of the tasks. At present, it is more difficult to further reduce sulfur dioxide emissions during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period when the desulfurization facilities of active coal-fired units in China have been put into operation for more than half. The influence of nitrogen oxides on the quality of atmospheric environment is increasing gradually, and the requirement of controlling nitrogen oxides is becoming increasingly urgent.
(2) The regional and compound characteristics of air pollution are aggravated.
Regional air pollution is deteriorating. The large consumption of urban energy causes high-intensity centralized discharge of various pollutants. The phenomenon of urban cluster intensifies the diffusion of pollutants between different cities, leading to the gradual expansion of polluted areas. According to the analysis of the environmental protection department, the pollution load transported into Beijing by airflow accounts for 30% of the total load. At present, acid rain, ozone pollution and fine particle pollution are prominent as regional air pollution. According to meteorological observation, in recent years, the regional photochemical pollution in the Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China has been serious, and the haze weather in the Pearl River Delta region has become increasingly serious. In 2008, the average haze weather in the Pearl River Delta region was more than 100 days. In this case, only considering the prevention and control measures of air pollution in a single city from the perspective of administrative divisions is not only costly, but also difficult to effectively reduce the degree of pollution, and the management mechanism of regional joint prevention and control needs to be established urgently.
The air quality evaluation system has not met the needs of development. In China, air pollution index is used to characterize the degree of urban air pollution and air quality. At present, only three indicators are used to evaluate urban air quality: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and inhalable particulate matter. Among the nine pollutants that measure the air quality standard determined by the Environmental Air Quality Standard, only a few cities have carried out monitoring of pollutants such as carbon monoxide and ozone, and other pollutants have only been selectively monitored. At present, China’s air pollution has evolved from soot pollution to soot and oxidation combined pollution. PM2.5, ozone, volatile organic compounds and other pollutants are coupled with each other, forming high-concentration fine particle pollution after secondary reaction, which reduces air visibility, increases ground ozone concentration and enhances atmospheric oxidation, and has become the main cause of haze and photochemical smog. Because some pollutants, such as PM2.5, which have a great impact on the quality of the atmospheric environment, are not included in the evaluation system, the air quality data published by the environmental department cannot objectively reflect the quality of the atmospheric environment, and the published air quality grade is often far from the public’s feelings.
(C) Motor vehicle pollution has an increasingly prominent impact on the quality of urban atmospheric environment.
Vehicle exhaust emissions have increased rapidly. From 2003 to 2008, the number of cars in China increased from 24.21 million to 64.67 million, an increase of 1.6 times. According to statistics, in 2008, motor vehicle exhaust emissions became an important source of air pollution in big cities, with nitrogen oxide emissions accounting for 50% of the total and carbon monoxide accounting for 85%. In recent years, the sales of motor vehicles have increased rapidly. In 2008, the output of motor vehicles reached 9.34 million, but the share of vehicles with displacement below 1.3 liters only accounted for about 25%. The photochemical smog formed by nitrogen oxides and volatile organic gases emitted by motor vehicle exhaust is becoming more and more serious. Under the condition that soot pollution is initially controlled, the impact of motor vehicle pollution on urban atmospheric environment is more prominent.
The prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution lacks overall coordination. The prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution includes in-use vehicle detection, vehicle fuel and additive management, vehicle scrapping and recycling. Due to the lack of effective coordination mechanism, the responsibilities of management departments overlap and the powers and responsibilities are out of line, and the resultant force of comprehensive management has not yet formed, which has affected the effect of motor vehicle pollution control. Due to the backward detection technology and high cost, the provisions of the law on environmental protection inspection in motor vehicle parking places, the system that vehicles exceeding the standard are not allowed to drive on the road, and the annual inspection system have failed to achieve the expected results in implementation.
(D) Air pollution problems in rural areas.
The problem of industrial pollution in villages and towns has not been effectively controlled. For a long time, the air quality in rural areas in China is generally better than that in urban areas, but there are many township enterprises, the degree of enterprise intensification is low, the level of pollution control is relatively backward, and the pollution discharge is large. With the promotion of comprehensive environmental improvement in urban areas, some polluting enterprises such as coking, metallurgy and building materials are constantly moving to rural areas and economically backward areas, resulting in the transfer of pollution. Due to the serious lack of monitoring ability of grass-roots environmental protection departments and insufficient supervision of pollution sources, some township industries emit odorous and harmful gases, which seriously affect the production and life of surrounding farmers, and the complaints caused by this have increased significantly.
The burning of a large number of crop straws in summer and autumn also has a serious impact on the surrounding atmospheric environment. In many places, measures are taken to prevent straw burning, which consumes a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources.
Iii. Suggestions on strengthening the prevention and control of air pollution
The prevention and control of air pollution is paid attention to by the Party Central Committee, the masses and the international community. Air pollution not only affects people’s health, but also restricts the sustainable development of economy and society. To solve the problem of air pollution, we must work hard to practice Scientific Outlook on Development, adhere to the government’s responsibility and policy guidance, give prominence to key points, pay equal attention to prevention and control, and promote the overall improvement of atmospheric environmental quality according to law.
(A) to further improve the understanding of the importance of air pollution prevention and control work.
Atmospheric environment is an important issue that affects environmental quality and concerns the national economy and people’s livelihood. With the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, energy resources and environmental conditions are increasingly restricting economic and social development. In recent years, environmental problems have become a concern of all sectors of society and strongly reflected by the masses. Acid rain, dust and photochemical smog produced by air pollution directly affect people’s normal production and life. Pollution incidents in some places seriously harm people’s interests, and acid rain pollutes water bodies and affects the improvement of ecological environment. At the same time, the characteristics of strong atmospheric mobility make air pollution an important regional environmental problem, which has also attracted the attention of the international community. It can be said that the problem of air pollution is directly related to people’s health and life improvement, to the sustainable development of economy and society, and to China’s international influence and foreign exchanges. Therefore, we must fully understand the importance of air pollution prevention and control, thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, adhere to the people-oriented principle, safeguard the interests of the masses, take solving the air pollution problem as an important content to test the government’s ruling ability, and earnestly do a good job.
(B) strengthen macro-control to improve the quality of the atmospheric environment.
Strict environmental access system. Intensify the adjustment of industrial structure, take the environmental impact assessment system as the fundamental measure to prevent and control air pollution from the source, and vigorously promote the planning environmental assessment work. Strictly examine and approve projects, strictly guard against the transfer of backward production capacity, and prohibit blind investment and redundant construction in industries with high energy consumption, high emissions and overcapacity. Strengthen land planning and determine the development direction according to the requirements of forming the main functional area. New projects must meet the access conditions and emission standards stipulated by the state, and it is forbidden to build new projects that increase pollution emissions in areas with no environmental capacity.
Strengthen industrial policy guidance. It is suggested that the state should adopt industrial policies to guide local governments and enterprises to change from attaching importance to the speed of economic growth to the quality of economic development, and attach more importance to environmental protection while attaching importance to GDP growth. It is suggested that the state should consider the long-term strategy, introduce guiding policies to support the production and sales of small-displacement and low-pollution vehicles, and increase the market share of small-displacement vehicles. Solve the problem that the mandatory addition policy of fuel detergent is inconsistent with the voluntary selection policy. Vigorously promote the application of clean coal technology and increase the proportion of raw coal washing.
Attach importance to economic policy support. It is suggested that the relevant departments in the State Council should speed up the improvement of the compensation policy for the withdrawal of backward production capacity and guide the accelerated elimination of backward production capacity. As soon as possible, we will implement the policy put forward by the state in 2007 on raising the collection standard of sulfur dioxide sewage charges. To study and formulate economic policies for the prevention and control of nitrogen oxide pollution.
Pay attention to adjusting the rural energy structure. In recent years, relevant departments in the State Council have made positive progress in rural energy structure adjustment, but there is still a gap to meet the needs. It is suggested that on the basis of summing up experience, the state should further strengthen guidance, increase investment in rural biogas construction, solve the problem of energy shortage in rural areas, and reduce pollution emissions caused by coal used in rural production and life.
Strengthen the environmental responsibility of enterprises and the public. To do a good job in the prevention and control of air pollution, we should not only implement the responsibility of local governments to reduce emissions, but also strengthen the environmental responsibility of enterprises and the public, and clarify the main position of enterprises in reducing emissions. It is necessary to encourage enterprises to control pollution according to law, and to increase the punishment for illegal acts. It is necessary to strengthen publicity and education, raise public awareness of environmental protection, advocate the public to choose a simple lifestyle, and guide green production and consumption.
(3) Take comprehensive measures to promote the prevention and control of air pollution.
Fully implement all laws related to the prevention and control of air pollution. In recent years, laws related to the prevention and control of air pollution have been promulgated or revised one after another, providing an important legal basis for the prevention and control of air pollution. At present, it is necessary to put all measures of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law in place. At the same time, it is necessary to further implement the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, the Energy Conservation Law, the Renewable Energy Law and the Circular Economy Promotion Law to control pollution at the source and promote the economical use of energy and the development and utilization of new energy. Further strengthen law enforcement and strengthen supervision and inspection of the implementation of the law.
Actively develop clean energy. Accelerate the development and utilization of solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, biomass energy, coalbed methane and other energy sources, and closely integrate them with people’s lives. Attention should be paid to the development and utilization of nuclear power. It is suggested that relevant departments in the State Council should increase capital investment, speed up the construction progress, strengthen the scientific research and safety supervision of core technologies, and ensure the scientific, healthy and safe development of nuclear power. Promote research and establish a low-carbon economy pilot.
Accelerate the circular economy. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of economic policy system, technical innovation support system and evaluation index system that are conducive to the development of circular economy, and promote the development of circular economy. Promote key technological innovation and improve energy efficiency. Organize the implementation of key cleaner production technology demonstration projects, and implement mandatory cleaner production audits for key industries and enterprises.
(4) Strengthening the infrastructure for the prevention and control of air pollution.
Study and establish a scientific and reasonable atmospheric environment index system. At present, the atmospheric environmental quality evaluation system was established in 1982 for soot pollution. Although it was adjusted in 1996, it has not adapted to the current development stage and cannot objectively reflect the pollution characteristics and people’s feelings. It is suggested that relevant departments in the State Council should revise and improve the evaluation system of ambient air quality standards as soon as possible. Study and establish a regional atmospheric environmental quality evaluation system that adapts to regional pollution characteristics, and increase monitoring indicators such as ozone, carbon monoxide, PM2.5 and visibility. Further improve the emission standards of air pollutants, and improve the emission standards with the progress of pollution control technology. Encourage local governments to formulate local standards that are stricter than national emission standards according to actual conditions. Improve the discharge standard system of toxic and harmful pollutants and effectively control the discharge of toxic and harmful pollutants. Start the prevention and control of nitrogen oxide pollution as soon as possible, revise the emission standard of air pollution in thermal power plants, strictly control the requirements of nitrogen oxides, and accelerate the localization of nitrogen oxide control technology and equipment.
Effectively strengthen the capacity building of atmospheric environmental monitoring. It is suggested that the investment in atmospheric environmental monitoring technology and equipment should be further increased, and the operating cost guarantee system of pollution source supervision monitoring should be established. Coordinate urban and rural environmental monitoring, speed up the construction of grass-roots environmental monitoring system, and attach importance to the construction of rural environmental monitoring capacity. It is suggested that relevant departments in the State Council should strengthen the quality management of environmental monitoring to ensure the scientificity, standardization and credibility of monitoring data. Increase the number of automatic monitoring stations of atmospheric environmental quality in cities and counties, scientifically and rationally arrange the monitoring stations of atmospheric environmental quality, and ensure that the monitoring data truly and accurately reflect the status quo of urban environmental quality. Strengthen the supervisory monitoring of pollution sources that emit toxic and harmful gases, improve the online monitoring system of key pollution sources, and form an atmospheric environmental monitoring network as soon as possible to ensure that the monitoring data fully reflect the pollution discharge and changing trends.
(5) Further improve the laws and regulations on the prevention and control of air pollution.
It is necessary to implement the revision plan of the air pollution prevention and control law as soon as possible. Further improve the total amount control system and clarify the responsibilities and division of labor of governments at all levels in the total amount control of air pollutants. Establish and improve the sewage permit system, clearly regard the sewage permit as an important condition for enterprise access, and prohibit unlicensed sewage discharge or non-compliance with regulations. Further straighten out the relationship between environmental protection and public security, traffic management and quality inspection and other motor vehicle management departments, and clarify the division of responsibilities of each department in law to form a joint force. Accelerate the introduction of legal measures for pollution control of high-emission vehicles. Establish a joint prevention and control mechanism for regional pollution, build a comprehensive prevention and control system for regional air pollution, and prevent and control regional atmospheric environmental pollution. Strengthen data sharing and consultation between meteorological departments and environmental protection departments in monitoring networks. Further refine the constitution characteristics and identification methods of criminal offences against major environmental pollution accidents. Strengthen punishment, increase the amount of punishment, investigate the legal responsibility of those directly responsible for causing serious pollution, and enhance legal deterrence.
